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ARM ARCHITECTURE ANDORGANISATION
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Introduction to 16/32 bit processors
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ARM and RISC
• ARM stands for Advanced Risc Machines
What is RISC?
RISC (reduced instruction set computer) is amicroprocessor that is desined to perform a sma!!er
number of t"pes of computer instructions so that it
can operate at a hiher speed (perform more mi!!ionsof instructions per second# or MI$S)%
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&'AR'S *& RISC
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RISC Architecture
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ARM
Components+
• Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Booth multiplier
• Barrel hi!ter
• Control unit
•
Regiter "le
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ARM ARC,I'CR'
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1.Arithmetic LogicUnit (ALU)
•
he A- has t.o 32bits inputs%he first comes from the
reister fi!e .hi!e the other comes
from the shifter% A- outputs
modif" the status reister f!as%
• he 0bit output oes to the 0
f!a as .e!! as the Cout oes
to the C f!a% hi!e the most
sinificant bit actua!!" represents
the S f!a# the A- output is
*Red to et the f!a%
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2.Booth multiplier
• he mu!tip!ier has three
32bit inputs% A!! theinputs come from the
reister fi!e% he
mu!tip!ier output is on!"the 32 !east sinificant
bits of the product%
• he mu!tip!ication starts
.henever the start input
oes active% he output fin
oes hih .hen finishin%
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3.Barrel shifter
• he barre! shifter has a 32bit input to be shifted%
his input is comin from the reister fi!e or it
cou!d be immediate data% he shifter has other
contro! inputs comin from instruction reister%
• Shift fie!d in the instruction contro!s theoperation of the barre! shifter% his fie!d
indicates the t"pe of shift to be performed
(!oica! !eft or riht# arithmetic riht or rotate
riht)%
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• he amount b" .hich the reister shou!d be shifted is
contained in an immediate fie!d in the instruction or it
cou!d be the !o.er 6 bits of a reister in the reister fi!e%
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4.Control unit:
• &or an" microprocessor# contro! unit is the heart of
the s"stem% It is responsib!e for the s"stem operationand so the contro! unit desin is the most important
part in the .ho!e desin%
• Contro! unit is usua!!" a pure combinationa! circuit%
he processor timin is a!so inc!uded in the contro!unit%
• Sina!s from the contro! unit are connected to
ever" component in the processor to supervise its
operation%
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$eature o! ARM%Architecture
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