ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Illustrations by Camille Gernhart, Je�rey Huddleston, and Sherrie Shepherd
ARKANSAS GEOLOGY
COLORING & ACTIVITY
BOOK
STATE OF ARKANSASAsa Hutchinson, Governor
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEYBekki White, Director and State Geologist
COMMISSIONERS
Dr. Richard Cohoon, Chariman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Russellville
William Willis, Vice Chairman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Hot Springs
Ken Fritsche. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Greenwood
William Cains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lamar
Quin Baber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Benton
David Lumbert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Maumelle
Maryln Looney. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Leachville
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
MissionOur mission is to serve the people of Arkansas by providing geological information in order to
develop and enable e�ective management of the State’s mineral, fossil fuel, and water resources while protecting the environment.
SURVEY
AR
KA
NSAS GEOLO
GIC
AL
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
IGNEOUS ROCK
METAMORPHIC ROCK
SEDIMENTARYROCK
MAGMASEDIMENT
Hea
t &P
ress
ure
Heat &Pressure
Mel
ting
Mel
ting
Coo
ling
Weath
ering
Weathering
Weatheri
ng
Com
paction
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Precambrian(Not exposed in Arkansas)
CambrianOrdovician
Silurian
Devonian
Mississippian
Pennsylvanian
PermianTriassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Quaternary
540
484
444
419
359
323
299
252
201
145
66
2.6 MillionYears Ago
Earth Formed 4.5 billion years ago
(Not exposed in Arkansas)
(Not exposed in Arkansas)
(Not exposed in Arkansas)
Explosion of Life
Gigantic Extinction
Big, Big Extinction Cen
ozoi
cP
aleo
zoic
Mes
ozoi
c
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019Geologic Time Scale 2012, v. 4.0, Geological Society of America
Neogene
Paleogene23
ERA PERIOD
State Mineral
QUARTZQuartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust. Quartz is used in electronics and
glass-making as well as a lot of other things!
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
(SiO2)
State Gem
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
(C)DIAMOND
Diamonds are the hardest natural substance on Earth! They make beautiful jewlery and useful tools. They can cut anything! Arkansas is home to Crater of Diamonds State Park, the
only diamond mine in the world open to the public!
State Rock
BAUXITEBauxite is a unique sedimentary rock. It is a primary aluminum ore. We use aluminum to produce
cans, airplanes, chip sacks, vehicle parts, and other aluminum products.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
State D
inosaur
In 2017, the Arkansas G
eneral Assem
bly named
Arkansaurus fridayi the o�cal State D
inosaur. Foot bones from
the dinosaur were discovered by M
r. Friday in 1972 near Lockesburg, A
rkansas. Scientists recreated what the
dinosaur may have looked like based on the foot bones of
similar know
n dinosaurs. Arkansaurus fridayi lived in A
rkansas during the Early Cretaceous Period, about 113 m
illion years ago. It was about 8 feet tall and likely a sw
ift hunter that preyed on sm
all animals, insects, and eggs.
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L H E I O U A C H I T A S H J H G C M E K O AA J O E R Z Y I U T R E S F O S S I L S L MM S A O I P A F N T U I O M N C H Z I P O A G C GP Q U Y T B O R U E A R T H Q U A K E S W L O A YO T Y D I A M V K P L F O W O G L S J T N G L KR J D I F U J E L S T D N E F J E K E O O E E XI K E N W X D K A O L I N O T H D J V K N P A RT R K O O I L B A D D O K J E O C A G A K L DE D J S K T L S H G T D K S L A C F I Y E TT N D A R E I P I S T J E H V U D M C T C MA K D U T L E J D D K I T E L L T J I I SO G E R T H D N Y B M G S I E P G N N LT H Y O D K A O Q U A R T Z L E E U TL O R P U S B M C J R E B N E Y F Z N
O P S S H F N B E N O T S E M I LG K Y U R O G J M F P E I T N N HO D I A M O N D S L N U T R A C B
Arkansas Geology Word Search
Search for the words below related to Arkansas geology in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.
BAUXITE LEADCAVES LIMESTONEDIAMONDS NOVACULITEDINOSAUR OUACHITASEARTHQUAKES OZARKSFOSSILS SANDSTONEGALENA SHALEGYPSUM SYENITEKAOLIN QUARTZLAMPROITE ZINC
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Arkansas is divided into �ve physiographic provinces. A physiographic province is an area in which all parts are similar in geologic structure. These provinces are the Ozark Plateaus, the Arkansas River Valley, the Ouachita Mountains, the West Gulf Coastal Plain, and the Mississippi River Alluvial Plain. Each province has a unique geologic story.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Ozark PlateausValley
Pla
in
Arkansas Physiographic Provinces
The Ozark Plateaus Province is divided into three plateaus: Salem, Spring�eld, and Boston Mountain. These plateaus create a beautiful landscape with �at topped hills and deep valleys with clear �owing rivers and streams. These are not true mountains though. The rock below is mostly horizontal indicating that the relief was created from streams cutting down through the rock. The dominant rock types found are sandstone, limestone, dolostone, shale, and chert. This province has an abundance of caves, springs, rivers, and lakes making it a popular outdoor destination.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Ozark PlateausArkansas Physiographic Provinces
Cave systems and other karst features, such as
sinkholes, are comm
on in the Ozarks of northern
Arkansas. In caves, as depicted here, stalactites, stalagm
ites, and columns are found. These
features form as w
ater �ows through the rock
and drip from the roof of the cave to the �oor
depositing calcite rock called travertine.
Stalagmites
Stalactites
Column
Soda Straws
Drape
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During the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian Periods Arkansas was covered by a
shallow sea. Brachiopods, crinoids, corals, trilobites, and nautiloids were abundant, creating a rich and diverse environment
throughout all three of the geologic periods.
Crinoid
Nautiloid
coral
Trilobite
brachiopods
Star�sh
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
The River Valley Province is home to the Arkansas River and the state’s highest peak, Mount Magazine. The province is characterized by gently folded rock formations and broad anticlines and synclines. The most common rock types found here are sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Fossil fuels are an important industry in this province. Coal has been mined and natural gas has been produced here o� and on over the past 150 years.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Arkansas Physiographic Provinces
Durin
g th
e Pen
nsylv
ania
n Pe
riod
in A
rkan
sas,
larg
e sw
amps
dom
inat
ed
wha
t is n
ow th
e Ark
ansa
s Rive
r Val
ley.
Larg
e tre
es ca
lled
Lyco
pods
tow
ered
up
to 1
30
feet
abov
e the
swam
py g
roun
d. D
rago
n�ie
s with
win
gspa
ns o
ver 2
feet
wid
e and
ce
ntip
edes
6 fe
et lo
ng w
ere c
omm
on. D
urin
g th
is pe
riod,
the O
uach
ita M
ount
ains
wer
e be
ing
form
ed.
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Arkansas Fossil Crossword Puzzle
Across
Down
Use the following list of fossils to complete the puzzle:
amberammonoidcoprolitecoralcrinoiddinosaurdungfossilsgastropodsgraptolitemammothmosasaurnautiloidoystersharkstar�shstromatolitestrilobitetracesworm trails
O
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15 17
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
15. Fossilized tree sap.
11. These marine creatures can create reefs.13. Arkansas contains fossils and modern snails from this group.
17. An eight foot long fossil of this cephalod was found in Fayetteville.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
2. These fossils formed from blue-green algae or cyanobacteria.4. This animal has a 3 lobed exoskeleton and is the oldest fossil in Arkansas.6. This fossil has been called a “sea lily” even though it is not a plant.
8. Teeth from this large swimming predator can be discovered.10. Teeth from this ice-age mammal have been discovered.12. These trace fossils are abundant in the rocks.13. This fossil resembles pencil marks and is found in shales in the Ouachita Mountains.14. The remains of once living organisms.16. Tracks and trails are these types of fossils.
1. Fossilized scat.3. This large marine reptile swam in the Cretaceous seas.5. This bivalve was attached to the sea�oor and may have contained a pearl.7. This animal created a star-shaped trace fossil.9. Terrible lizard.
Arkansas Physiographic Provinces
The Ouachita Mountain Province is the smallest, but boasts some of our state’s greatest claims to fame! It is home to Hot Springs National Park, one of the �rst national parks. This province also has some of the most beautiful hiking trails and pristine rivers in the state. Mining is also common in the Ouachita Mountains. Among these mined resources are numerous quartz mines open to the public where anyone can mine their own quartz crystals! The province is characterized by tightly folded and faulted rock formations in steep anticlines and synclines with igneous intrusions. The dominant rock types found here are sandstone, shale, novaculite, and chert.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Hot SpringsNational Park
Est. 1832
22
9
10
12 11
13
174
8
3
14
18
20
1
2
65
7
16
15
10
12 11
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
ACROSS
DOWN1.3.5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17. "Terrible lizard" found near Lockesburg, AR.
The principal ore of aluminum.A clay used to make ceramics and cosmetics.An often fossiliferous rock used as crushed stone.
Mineral from the Ouachita Mountains used in electronics and to make glass.
Once mined extensively in the Arkansas River Valley as a source of heat.The age of rocks in southwestern Arkansas where dinosaur fossils have been found.
The oldest age of rocks in the Ozark Plateaus.The material that caps the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge.
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.12.14.16.18.20.
22.
The principal ore of lead.Hilly region in the northern part of our state.An igneous rock, similar to granite, used to make shingles.
Region in eastern Arkansas that contains Crowley’s Ridge.The remains of once living organisms.
A soft variety of limestone that can be used to make cement.Famous ridge in the Mississippi Embayment of eastern Arkansas.Abundant sedimentary rock in Arkansas made up of 85-90% quartz.A siliceous sedimentary rock from the Ouachitas used as a whetstone.Gemstones found near Murfreesboro.
Mountain range in the west-central part of Arkansas.
Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:
Bauxite DiamondsChalk GalenaQuartz CoalKaolin LoessQuachita LimestoneSyenite CretaceousNovaculite OzarkDinosaurs FossilsOrdovician SandstoneCrowley’s Ridge CretaceousMississippi Embayment
Arkansas Geology Crossword Puzzle
22
9
10
12 11
13
174
8
3
14
18
20
1
2
65
7
16
15
10
12 11
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
ACROSS
DOWN1.3.5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17. "Terrible lizard" found near Lockesburg, AR.
The principal ore of aluminum.A clay used to make ceramics and cosmetics.An often fossiliferous rock used as crushed stone.
Mineral from the Ouachita Mountains used in electronics and to make glass.
Once mined extensively in the Arkansas River Valley as a source of heat.The age of rocks in southwestern Arkansas where dinosaur fossils have been found.
The oldest age of rocks in the Ozark Plateaus.The material that caps the southern portion of Crowley's Ridge.
2.
4.
6.
8.
10.12.14.16.18.20.
22.
The principal ore of lead.Hilly region in the northern part of our state.An igneous rock, similar to granite, used to make shingles.
Region in eastern Arkansas that contains Crowley’s Ridge.The remains of once living organisms.
A soft variety of limestone that can be used to make cement.Famous ridge in the Mississippi Embayment of eastern Arkansas.Abundant sedimentary rock in Arkansas made up of 85-90% quartz.A siliceous sedimentary rock from the Ouachitas used as a whetstone.Gemstones found near Murfreesboro.
Mountain range in the west-central part of Arkansas.
Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:
Bauxite DiamondsChalk GalenaQuartz CoalKaolin LoessQuachita LimestoneSyenite CretaceousNovaculite OzarkDinosaurs FossilsOrdovician SandstoneCrowley’s Ridge CretaceousMississippi Embayment
Arkansas Geology Crossword Puzzle Arkansas Physiographic Provinces
The West Gulf Coastal Plain Province contains Crater of Diamonds State Park and holds evidence that dinosaurs once walked across Arkansas’s Cretaceous shoreline. Foot bones from our State Dinosaur, Arkansaurus fridayi were discovered here, as well as footprints from other dinosaurs. Many marine fossils can be found here as well, including shark teeth! Our State Rock, bauxite, was mined in this province along with crude oil and natural gas. The West Gulf Coastal Plain is characterized by fairly �at-lying rock formations and sediment deposited in terraces. The dominant rock types found here are marl, clay, chalk, sandstone, and limestone. The most common sediments are sand, gravel, and clay.
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
West Gulf Coastal Plain
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In 1986 and 2011, dinosaur trackways w
ere discovered in H
oward County, A
rkansas. The trackways included
footprints from both large, long-necked dinosaurs called
sauropods and large, three-toed dinosaurs called theropods. In A
rkansas, it is believed that the sauropod tracks belonged to a giant herbivore from
the genus Astrodon, related to Brachiosaurus. The tracks indicate that it
was being stalked by the carnivorous theropod,
Acrocanthosaurus along the ancestral muddy shoreline of
an Early Cretaceous sea.
L C E O U G C T A S H G C M EA O O E R Z A I U T R E S F O S S I L S
I A G M S A R I P S F N T U I O M N C H Z Q P O G C GK B C T P Q U Y A B T R Q E B I V A L V E K E S W Y O A Y
S E C A R T D I L R V K P L F O M O G C S J T N S L KJ Q M R J D I F U O E L N T D N M E J G K E A O T R XC R I N O I D W X P K A O F I N O C H D J U K N E M R
W D A R P O R I O B F D D N K T H O C T G A K R DU E M J S K T D S X O T O K H I A I J L Y E TB T N M A Q E D P Y T B S E H N L D I N T C M
A K D O T L E N D S K A G E O L T Y I I SG E R N H D N Y A O U S I I U K N N L
Y O D O A O Q M A R D Z D S R U TT R I L O B I T E N J Y ES S H D N B E N O T S E B
G K Y U R O G J M F P E I T M N HS L E A F I M P R I N T U T R A C B Z
Arkansas Fossil Word Search
Search for the words below related to Arkansas geology in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.
MASTODON LEAF IMPRINTCORAL OYSTERTRILOBITE DINOSAURMAMMOTH FOSSILSBIVALVE AMBERNAUTILOID TRACESAMMONOID GASTROPODECHINOID CRINOID
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Mosasaurs w
ere marine
reptiles found in southern Arkansas that dom
inated the warm
, shallow seas
during the late Cretaceous Period, 66 to
87 million years ago. They w
ere a dom
inant predator and ate smaller
mosasaurs, am
monites, fish, and other
sea creatures. They could grow to be 50
feet long!
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Follo
win
g th
e m
ass
extin
ctio
n at
th
e Cr
etac
eous
-Pal
eoge
ne
boun
dary
, sou
ther
n A
rkan
sas
was
ho
me
to o
ne o
f the
ear
liest
m
egas
hark
s, O
todu
s, w
ho h
ad a
n av
erag
e le
ngth
of 2
7 fe
et. S
and
Tige
r sha
rks,
exin
ct g
oblin
sha
rks,
and
rays
als
o ca
lled
Ark
ansa
s ho
me.
By
the
begi
nnin
g of
the
Neo
gene
Per
iod,
the
shal
low
sea
re
cede
d an
d A
rkan
sas
bega
n to
ta
ke o
n an
app
eara
nce
sim
ilar t
o w
hat w
e se
e to
day.
Arkansas Physiographic Provinces
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
Mississippi RiverAlluvial Plain
The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain is the largest province and is bound by the Mississippi River to the east. Other rivers and streams wind their way through this province on their way to the Mississippi River. The province is dominated by �at-lying sediment of sand, silt, and clay. The most prominent feature of this province is Crowley’s Ridge, which stands 250-550 feet above the alluvial plain. The Ridge is capped by loess, wind-blown silt or dust created by the glaciers to the north during the last ice age. Many di�erent species of extinct animals, such as the Columbian Mam-moth and the Giant Sloth from the last ice age are found in this province.
The Mississippi River Alluvial Plain province also contains the New Madrid Seismic Zone which runs from eastern Arkansas into Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Illinois. This fault zone is the most seismically active area in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. It produces more than 200 small earthquakes per year!
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The
Ice
Age
took
pla
ce d
urin
g th
e Pl
eist
ocen
e Ep
och
of th
e Q
uate
rnar
y Pe
riod
that
end
ed a
ppro
xim
atel
y 11
,000
ye
ars
ago.
The
con
tinen
tal g
laci
er th
at
cove
red
mos
t of N
orth
Am
eric
a on
ly
exte
nded
as
far s
outh
as
cent
ral M
isso
uri.
Dur
ing
that
tim
e th
e cl
imat
e in
Ark
ansa
s w
as d
rier a
nd c
oole
r tha
n it
is n
ow. T
he
land
was
dom
inat
ed b
y ex
trem
ely
larg
e m
amm
als
such
as
the
Colu
mbi
an
Mam
mot
h, th
e G
iant
Slo
th, a
nd th
e sh
ort-
face
d be
ar. M
asto
dons
als
o liv
ed
in A
rkan
sas
durin
g th
is ti
me.
The
y w
ere
smal
ler t
han
the
grea
t C
olum
bia
n M
amm
oths
that
roam
ed
the
sam
e la
nd. T
hey
wer
e up
to 9
feet
ta
ll an
d w
eigh
ed u
p to
12
tons
. The
y ar
e re
late
d to
the
mod
ern-
day
elep
hant
. Man
y of
the
anim
als
that
live
d th
en a
re n
ow e
xtin
ct in
clud
ing
mas
todo
ns.
Arkansas Earthquakes Word Search
Search for the words below related to earthquakes in Arkansas in the above diagram. The words may read forward, backward, across, down, or diagonally.
FAULT FOCUSDAMAGE LIQUEFACTIONHAZARD NEW MADRIDSHAKING ENERGYEARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDEFISSURE RICHTER SCALESEISMOLOGIST SEISMOGRAPH
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
D D N K F Z L T D T Y V W D U Y S Q I NP X R L B S C B T S I G O L O M S I E SD C L A E U T J I X L R I K S N L P S TI O A N Z G X I C L I Y D H O Z G X F UR E G A M A D E I C G Q N T U S P W A ED Q J I P N H S H R Q A O U X A U F B KA Z Z C B R J T E C P Z I N W J M M U AM A Z N W X E N X O I K T T I B S B V UW H Y Z D R E B B U E Z C Q F E N M L QE G R M S O N W A W U P A G K O R A F HN W H C N U K Z T S M P F K V B U Z J TO O A V D M C X D Y H H E T D B B E D RX L N O O S Q O Q K O Z U M L O D O S AE Y Q N U M G C F Z G P Q B R U I N Y EH H P A R G O M S I E S I Z T S A N O WH F I S S U R E T C L Y L I F X R F V BA B W W L W Z E U P Y W N I C L Z Y I AB N H G X B B Z C U G G F S R V L W F FE K S H A K I N G D A K S J S T P W P IV R K V C V H P B M R Q G M B I V E Q N
Gia
nt g
roun
d slo
ths a
nd sa
ber-t
ooth
ed c
ats
roam
ed A
rkan
sas d
urin
g th
e Pl
eist
ocen
e Ep
och.
Th
ese
sloth
s sto
od u
p to
10
feet
tall
and
wei
ghed
as
muc
h as
2,0
00 p
ound
s. Th
eir b
ones
hav
e be
en
foun
d in
gra
vel b
ars a
long
the
Miss
issip
pi R
iver
. Bo
nes o
f sab
er-to
othe
d ca
ts h
ave
been
foun
d in
se
vera
l cav
es in
nor
ther
n Ar
kans
as.
ARKA
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Geologic Hazards Crossword
ARKANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 2019
1 2
3
8
5
6
10
7
4
9
11
12
13
Across
Use the following list of words to complete the puzzle:AFtershockDamageEarthquakeFaultHazardLandslideLiquefactionMagnitudeNew MadridShakingSeismographSeismologistSinkhole
1. What are the "small ground shakes" that occur after an earthquake?4. An instrument used to measure the intensity of an earthquake.5. A hole created when the surface of the ground collapses revealing an underground void. 7. When sandy sediment is shaken and turned into a liquid-like substance.8. Another word for the trembling or vibrating of the ground.11. A break in rock where movement has occurred.12. The fault zone located in Eastern Arkansas.13. Harm caused to something as to lower its value, usefulness, or function.
Down2. When the earth shakes from movement along a fault.3. A scientist that studies earthquakes.7. The sliding down of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cli�.9. A geologic condition capable of causing damage.10. A measure of size or strength of seismic waves generated by an earthquake.
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C O P O L I T E
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S A F I S
I N O S A U RT
RA
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C R A L
A S R O P D
N A U I O I D
A B E R
229
10
1211
13
174
8
3
14
18
20
1
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65
7
16
15
10
1211
CH
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Arkansas Geological SurveyVardelle Parham Geology Center
3815 West Roosevelt RoadLittle Rock, AR 72204
Phone: 501-296-1877 | Fax: 501-663-7360Business Hours: Monday - Friday 8:00am - 4:30pm
http://www.geology.arkansas.gov
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