ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGNDESIGNDESIGNDESIGN
Project Report of
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Submitted to
Dezyne E’cole College
By
Ms. Khushboo Mathur
Towards the completion of 1 year of
program of MS.c. I.D.
DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE
Tel: +91 9829024839
The project of Ms. Khushboo Mathur has been
checked and every aspect of design developed was seen
and the overall grade is
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Place: _______________________________ Sign:_______________________________
106/10, civil lines,
Ajmer-305001,
DEZYNE E’COLE COLLEGE
Date: _______________________________
Name:______________________________
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Architectural design project has been compiled seeing the growing need of
the commercial design field in India.
I thank Dezyne E’cole for giving me the opportunity to do this project and help me to
consider on various aspects of Architectural design.
I thank Mrs. Vinita Mathur for guiding me on the various design parameters.
With due regards
INTRODUCTION:
• Architecture produced by Greek speaking (Hellenic) people.
• Area: flourished on Greek Mainland and Peloponnesus,
Aegean Islands, Colonies of Asia Minor and Italy
• Time Period: from 700 B.C. until 1st
century C.E.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Highly formalized characteristics, both structure and decoration
• Ancient Greek architecture is divided into three main architectural
style catagories:
1. Doric order
2. Ionic order
3. Corinthian order
• Known best from its Temples.
• Construction of Open Air Theatre
• Colonnades encircled building acted as a shelter from extremes
of climate and sun.
• Roof and fired tiles replaced thatched roof and use of Chinese
Roof in the end.
• Stone walls are used
EXAMPLES:
• Acropolis of Athens
• Epidaurus
• Theodorus at Delphi
• The Stoa of Attalus
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
ORDERS OF COLUMNS
USED BY GREEKS
The Stoa of Attalus
Theodorus at Delphi
ANCIENT AMPHITHEATRE
TYPES OF PILASTERS USED IN TEMPLES
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
INTRODUCTION:
• Adopted Greek exterior architectural style for their own
purposes.
• Emerged after the death of Alexander and downfall of Greek
empire.
• Absorbed Greek and Phoenician influence in architecture
• Use of Vaults and Arches; concrete and bricks; domes; vaulted
ceilings;
• Public buildings made to impress as well as perform public
function
• Formation of multi- storey apartments called Insulae, each
having their own private garden and a terrace.
• Tile covered concrete was main building material; attractive
stucco or thin panels of marble or other colored stones called
revetment were used.
• Use of lime mortar concrete, sand with stone rubble,
Pozzolana, water and stones.
• Use of mosaic and murals were done in Roman time period
• Bath of Diocletian
• Aqueducts of Rome
• Pantheon
• Antonine wall
• Ostia antica
• Pompeii
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS:
EXAMPLES:
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
Bath of Diocletian
Aqueducts of Rome
DOME
INTRODUCTION:
• Originated in Northern France
• During mid 12th
century
• Flourished during rule of wealthy Romans
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Gothic architecture of France is characterized by
1. Round arches
2. Domes
3. Tunnel vaults
4. Flamboyant gothic architecture creating
interesting synthesis of style
5. By 15th century, Flamboyant and Radiant gothic
architecture prevailed with its intricate wavy
patterns engraved on stone work resembled
flames
6.
EXAMPLES:
• Palace of Versailles
• The Basillica in St. Denis
• Cathedral at Chartres
• St. Chapelle in Paris
• Strasbourg Cathedral
GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE
Rosette flower
window of gothic time
St Chapelle Paris PALACE OF VERSAILLES
STRASBOURG CATHEDRAL
Stained glass window
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
• Renaissance architecture originated in Florence, Italy but
flourished in France
and Germany too.
• Renaissance architecture entered France by end of 15th century
• Renaissance architecture in France can be divided into two
historical periods:
1. Early Renaissance – characterized by
� round arches,
� domes,
� tunnel vaults
� blended with flamboyant gothic architecture
creating interesting synthesis of style
2. Mannerism – began in 1530’s
� It is the later phase of renaissance
� Influences of Baroque and Rococo styles
entered in renaissance
� It is transition period of renaissance from
High Renaissance to
Late Renaissance or Baroque
� More detailed and inlay work with richness in architecture through
elaborative details.
EXAMPLES:
• Chateaux De Blois
• Sistine Chapel
• St. Peter’s basillica
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE
INTRODUCTION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
SISTINE CHAPEL, VATICAN CITY
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING AND PAINTINGS
PERSPECTIVE
DRAWIN G
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
• Egyptian Architecture dates back to the ancient Nile Valley
civilization in Africa near most fertile area of River Nile.
• Main building materials were sun – baked mud bricks and
stones, mainly limestone, also sand stone and granite
• Massive structures characterized by thick, sloping walls with
few openings
• All monuments are post and lintel construction
• Flat roofs constructed of huge stones and piers
• Closely spaced columns
• Exterior and interior walls, columns and piers were covered
with hieroglyphic inscriptions and carvings painted in brilliant
colors
• Main motifs were scarab, sacred beetle, papyrus leaves, solar
disk, buds, lotus flower, etc..
• Pyramids if Giza
• Karnak temple
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
HIEROGLYPHIC AND PICTORIAL
CARVINGS
: INTRODUCTION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
EXAMPLES:
CHARACTERISTICS:
KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT
PYRAMID OF GIZA
RAM HEADED
PROTECTOR OF
KARNAK TEMPLE
SPHINX
PROTECTOR OF
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
KARNAK TEMPLE, LUXOR, EGYPT
INTRODUCTION:
• Flourished during the different dynasties of China in
history like Yung- ning- ssu, Sung, Tang, Qing dynasties
and various other Chinese Kingdom
CHARACTERISTICS:
• The use of principles of balance and symmetry are mainly
emphasized, main structure is followed as the main axis with
the secondary structures positioned as two wings on either
sides.
• Temple architecture of China is their main works which are
known as Pagodas, taken the form of a storied tower and as an
upturned bowl. Shape of Pagoda changed with the change in
dynasty and rulers
1. 2nd
and 3rd
century Pagodas – made of wood structure
2. 10th
century Sung Dynasty – tetragonal structure
3. Tang Dynasty – octagonal and diagonal structure
• Roofs – were curved as straight lines were believed to carry
evil spirits.
• Motifs and Objects on top of structure or on walls – dragon,
lion, lotus or a combination of these.
• Lacquer work is its main characteristic
EXAMPLES:
• Forbidden Palace
• Buddhist Temple
• Great Wall of China
• Pagodas
CHINESE ARCHITECTURE
LOTUS FLOWER
CHINESE DETAILING ON CEILING
WITH DRAGONS AND MOTIFS
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
CHINESE PAGODA
HEXAGONAL CEILING
FORBIDDEN
CITY
FORBIDDEN CITY
SUNG DYNASTY IRON
BUDDHIST TEMPLE
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
INTRODUCTION:
• Was found during the Rococo and in Early Neo-classical
period of history
• Existed from 1700 till 1830
• Spreaded in the areas of Great Britain, Ireland, etc.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Georgian style is linked with classical period of Greece
and Rome and their terraces, town houses, Palladianism
and country houses
• The Country House estates of wealthy land owners were
• dotted with copies of classical temples and other
• architectural elements such as grottoes, bridges and group
• of oddments called ‘Follies’.
• Most terraces were four stories high with short flight
• Georgian Architecture in Bath
• Grand Architecture, Bath
GEORGIAN ARCHITECTURE
EXAMPLES:
•
GEORGIAN
ARCHITECTURE,
LONDON
GRAND
ARCHITECTURE,
BATH
Georgian Architecture in Bath
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
• Classical time period of architecture ranges from 1620 to 1700.
• Covered areas of European nations, Ireland, etc..
• After renaissance period in which great demand of elaboration of detail in design was demanded.
• Emphasis on the fine detailing and elaborative design of the Main Entrance of the house
• Plastered ceiling with fine detail and dense ornamentation
• Main motifs used in the designing were of Acanthus leaves and bulging Grapes
• Elaborative and dense patterning, fine and detailed work, heavy carvings and illustrations were the main
features
• Floors were of marble with illusionistic pattern; upper floors were having wooden boards flooring
• Walls were curved; pediments were broken from the center; twisted columns and pilasters
• Colored marbles used in combination with bronze and gilding
• Colored glass windows; use of mullions and transom was first time done in
Baroque architecture
• SALA DUCALE, VATICAN
• BERNINI
• PALACE OF VERSAILLES
• ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL
BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS:
CHARACTERISTICS:
EXAMPLES:
TWISTED PILASTERS
BERNINI SALA DUCALE, VATICAN
PALACE OF VERSAILLES
Hall of Mirrors-Versailles ST. PAULS CATHEDRAL
Elaboration and
heavy detailing on
baroque ceiling
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
• Style popularized by a group of English architects in 19th
century
• Time period ranges from 1800 to 1900
• At this time, the queen had given freedom to the craftsman to
develop their own skllls and expertise.
• More stress was laid on comfort and richness in detailing
• Use of bold and unconventional color schemes
• Decorative details were more subdued
• Patterned bricks and carved stone were more used
• Round towers, broad decorative gables, elaborate Queen Anne
chimneys and dormer windows were some of the main features
• Eclecticism, asymmetry, contrasts, buildings supported with
many
textures, elaborate motifs, decorative gables, spandrel panels and
flat surface marked the Queen Anne style.
• Main materials used were shingles, stucco, terracotta panels, etc..
• Roof was pitched ad complex with a variety of gables, dormers, etc.;
towers were square, round or polygonal
QUEEN ANNE ARCHITECTURE
CHARACTERISTICS:
INTRODUCTION:
EXAMPLES:
1. Free Classic Queen Anne
2. Queen Anne Victorian
architecture in Eureka,
California
County Hall (1898), Wood Street, Wakefield Queen Anne Victorian architecture in Eureka, California
Villa Montezuma, c. 1887 Free Classic Queen Anne
DECORATIVE
TERRACOTA
PANELS
PILLARS
OF
QUEEN
ANNE
PERIOD
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
• Is the architecture of 21st
Century till the present time.
• Modernism in architecture is broadly characterized by simplification of forms, subtraction of ornamentation
and theme of building
• Some of known important architects are Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, Le Corbusier,etc..
• Form follows function
• Simplicity, clarity of forms, elimination of unnecessary detail
• Visual expression of structure
• Textures should not be overpowering
• Use of industrially produced materials, machine aesthetics adopted
• Visual emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines
• RONCHAMP BY LE CORBUSIER
• Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under Water, ETC..
MODERN ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION:
CHARACTERISTICS:
EXAMPLES:
RONCHAMP
CHURCH BY
LE
CORBUSIER
ARCHITECTURE BY LE CORBUSIER
Mies van der Rohe's Farnsworth House Under
Water VAN DER ROHE STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE
PICTURES IN SUPPORT OF THE EXAMPLES
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