7/29/2019 ARC Project
1/27
MembershipSurveyThisreportcontainsthestatisticalanalysisofamembershipsurveyconductedbyateamof
SDSUstudents.
SDSUAztecRecreationCenter
A r i e l a E n g b e r C a r l e n n S m i t h
Q u e n t i n A n d e r s o n T y l e r B o o t h M i k e J o n e s
7/29/2019 ARC Project
2/27
KeyCentralityandDispersion
Statisticsforsixdifferentgroupsofpeopleontheiraverageimportanceratingsforcleanliness: Maleswitha
membershiplessthan1year,1to3years,andgreaterthan3yearsandfemaleswithamembershiplessthan1
year,1to3yearsandgreaterthan3years.Thegroupsaredividedbothbylengthofmembershipandgender.
MembershipLength(years)
1=Males3
4=Females3
INTERPRETATION
Theresultsoftheboxandwhiskerplotsuggestthatwomenratetheimportanceofcleanlinesshigherthanmen
inalllevelsofmembershiplength.Thisconclusioncanbemadebasedonthesmallrangeofwomensratesand
the higher medians in all levels ofmembership length, demonstrating that the overall expectation for gym
cleanliness ishigher for women. The range of ratings oncleanlinesswas foundto bemuch larger formen
especiallyinthecaseofmenwithmembershipsfrom1to3yearsand3+years.Thismaybeattributedtothe
7/29/2019 ARC Project
3/27
factthatmaleswhohavebeenattheARClessthanayearmaybeSDSUfreshmanwithfreemembershipsand
donot renewtheirmembership attheARCwhen the free trial ends.Memberswho return after their free
freshmanmembershipexpires(1-3yrs,>3yrs)arelessconcernedwithcleanlinessoftheARC.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
4/27
CategorizedGroups
Asinglechartcategorizingpeople intotwogroups-SatisfiedandUnsatisfiedwithfurthercategorizationby
gender.Thecategoryunsatisfiedcontainssurveyrespondentswhoindicatedsatisfactionof1,2,or3,andthe
categorysatisfiediscomposedofrespondentswhoansweredwitha4or5.
INTERPRETATION
Theresultsofthestackedbarchartsuggestthatapproximately55%oftheunsatisfiedindividualswerewomen
with approximately 45% of unsatisfied individuals beingmen. The chart also suggests that out of the tota
satisfiedindividuals,approximately55%weremenandapproximately45%ofsatisfiedindividualswerewomen
Theseresultsmaybeattributedtoanimportanceofcleanlinesstowomenbeinghigheroverallthanmen,inconjunctionwithhigherexpectationsforcleanlinessinagymthanmen.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
5/27
DescriptiveInformation
GENDER
Results:
Gender
Frequency Percent ValidPercent Cumulative
Percent
Male 188 40.0 47.2 47.2
Female 210 44.7 52.8 100.0Valid
Total 398 84.7 100.0
Missing System 72 15.3
Total 470 100.0
Theabovefrequencytableexplainsthatoutofatotalof398validrespondents,therewere188malesand210
females.
Thebarchartshowsgenderbreakdownbasedonthepercentagesofvalidparticipants.47.2%ofrespondent
weremaleand52.8%werefemale.ThismaybearesultofthegenderratiooftheSDSUpopulation,asthereisa
higherproportionoffemalestudentsthanmalestudents.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
6/27
PRIMARYTIMEWORKINGOUT
Outofatotalof410validrespondents,87preferredtoworkoutfrom6amto11am,107preferredtoworkou
from11amto4pm,203preferredtoworkoutfrom4pmto12am,and13preferredtoworkoutfrom12amto
6am..
Thebarchartshowsgenderbreakdownbasedonthepercentageofvalidparticipants.Themajority(49.5%)of
peopleprefertoworkoutfrom4pmto12am.Thismaybeexplainedbythehighstudentmembershipbaseat
theARC,becausethismaybethetimestudentsareattendingclass,makingitconvenientforthemtoalsogoto
thegymwhiletheyareoncampus.
Frequency Percent ValidPercent CumulativePercent
6am-11am 87 18.5 21.2 21.2
11am-4pm 107 22.8 26.1 47.3
4pm-12am 203 43.2 49.5 96.8
12am-6am 13 2.8 3.2 100.0
Valid
Total 410 87.2 100.0
Missing System 60 12.8
Total 470 100.0
7/29/2019 ARC Project
7/27
MEMBERSHIPTYPE
Frequency Percent ValidPercent Cumulative
Percent
SDSUStudent 286 60.9 71.7 71.7
Affiliate/Faculty/Staff/Alumni 89 18.9 22.3 94.0
Community 24 5.1 6.0 100.0Valid
Total 399 84.9 100.0
Missing System 71 15.1
Total 470 100.0
Thefrequencytableexplainsthatoutofatotalof399validrespondents,therewere286SDSUstudent
memberships,89Affiliate/Faculty/Staff/Alumnimemberships,and24Communitymemberships.
Thebarchartshowsthebreakdownofmembershiptypebasedonthepercentagesofvalidparticipants.The
largest percentage is SDSU student memberships at 60.9%, while the smallest percentage is Community
membersat6%ofallmemberships.ThisismostlikelytheresultofthelocationandmarketingoftheARC,asitis
locatedoncampus(closetowheremanystudentslive)andisoneofthefeaturesthattheschoolpromotesto
incomingfreshmanandstudents.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
8/27
SampleInformation
LEASTIMPORTANTFEATURE
INTERPRETATION
StaffgreetinguponentrancewasratedtheleastimportantfeatureoftheARC,astheaverageresponden
ratingwasapproximately2.9outof5.ThismightbebecauseoftheARCslargemembershipbase,asmembers
maynotexpecttobegreetedwhentherearesomanymembersascomparedtothestaff.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
9/27
FAVORITETYPEOFMUSIC
INTERPRETATION
Approximately21%ofvalidrespondentsstatedthatPUMP!!wastheirmusicpreferenceforthegym.Thismay
bebecausemembersliketoworkouttohighintensitymusic.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
10/27
MOSTPOPULARTVSTATIONS
1.ESPN
2.ComedyCentral
3.MTV
ARCMembersTop10TVShows(frequency)
INTERPRETATION
ESPN,ComedyCentral,andMTVwerechosenmostoftenbyARCmemberswhenaskedwhatTVshowsthey
wouldliketowatchatthegym.ESPNwaschosen193times,ComedyCentralwaschosen150timesandMTV
waschosen132times.Thismaybebecausepeoplewhoaresportsfansalsomaintainanactivelifestylethrough
havinganARCmembership.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
11/27
DifferenceBetweenGroups
QUESTION
Isthereadifferenceintheprimarytimeofdaythatmenandwomenworkout?Similarly,isthereadifferencein
theprimarytimeofdaythatstudentsandfacultymembersworkout?
Thisresearchquestionrequiresanalysistodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweentwocategorical
variables;gender(nominal)andworkouttime(ordinal).Todeterminethisrelationship,wechosetorunachi-
squaretestthroughcrosstabulationatthe.05leveltoexaminetheexpectedresultsascomparedtotheactual
results.
Gender*PrimarytimeworkingoutCrosstabulation
Primarytimeworkingout
6am11am 11am4pm 4pm12am
Total
Count 44a 46a 91a 181
ExpectedCount 39.5 49.8 91.7 181.0Male
%ofTotal 11.4% 11.9% 23.6% 47.0%
Count 40a 60a 104a 204
ExpectedCount 44.5 56.2 103.3 204.0
Gender
Female
%ofTotal 10.4% 15.6% 27.0% 53.0%
Count 84 106 195 385
ExpectedCount 84.0 106.0 195.0 385.0Total
%ofTotal 21.8% 27.5% 50.6% 100.0%
EachsubscriptletterdenotesasubsetofPrimarytimeworkingoutcategorieswhosecolumnproportionsdo
notdiffersignificantlyfromeachotheratthe.05level.
Thecrosstabulationclearlydemonstratesthatthereisnonotabledifferencebetweentheactualdataandthe
expecteddata,implyinganonmonotonicrelationshipbetweengenderandworkouttime.
Chi-SquareTests
Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-
sided)
PearsonChi-Square 1.538a 2 .464
LikelihoodRatio 1.537 2 .464
Linear-by-LinearAssociation .436 1 .509
NofValidCases 385
a.0cells(0.0%)haveexpectedcountlessthan5.Theminimumexpected
countis39.49.
Thechi-squareddifferencetestportraysthesignificanceofthedifferencebetweenthese twovariables.With
the p-value (0.464) beingmuch greater than the beta value (.05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis that
genderandworkouttimeareindependentofoneanother.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
12/27
students1faculty2*PrimarytimeworkingoutCrosstabulation
Primarytimeworkingout
6am11am 11am4pm 4pm12am
Total
Count 49a 77b 151b 277
ExpectedCount 61.6 77.6 137.7 277.01.00
%ofTotal 13.5% 21.2% 41.5% 76.1%
Count 32a 25b 30b 87
ExpectedCount 19.4 24.4 43.3 87.0
students1faculty2
2.00
%ofTotal 8.8% 6.9% 8.2% 23.9%
Count 81 102 181 364
ExpectedCount 81.0 102.0 181.0 364.0Total
%ofTotal 22.3% 28.0% 49.7% 100.0%
EachsubscriptletterdenotesasubsetofPrimarytimeworkingoutcategorieswhosecolumn
proportionsdonotdiffersignificantlyfromeachotheratthe.05level.
Unlikegender,thecrosstabulationtakingmembershiptypeintoaccountactuallydoesdemonstratethatthereis
anotabledifferencebetweentheactualdataandtheexpecteddata,implyingamonotonicrelationship.
Chi-SquareTests
Value df Asymp.Sig.(2-
sided)
PearsonChi-Square 16.207a 2 .000
LikelihoodRatio 15.489 2 .000
Linear-by-Linear
Association15.684 1 .000
NofValidCases 364 a.0cells(0.0%)haveexpectedcountlessthan5.Theminimum
expectedcountis19.36.
Withthep-value(.000)beinglessthanthebetavalue(.05),werejectthenullhypothesisthatmembershiptype
andworkouttimeareindependentofoneanother.
INTERPRETATION
Thedataindicatesthatgenderdoesnothaveaneffectonthetimeofdayanindividualworksout,andthat
regardlessofgender,ahigherpercentageofpeopleworkoutlaterinthedayoverall.Thiscanbearesultofthe
ARCshighlevelofstudentmembershipandtheeffecttheirschoolscheduleplaysupontheirworkouthabits
Theresultsalsoindicatethatthereisadifferencebetweenmembershiptypeandworkouttimes.Studentstend
toworkoutlaterintheday,butstaffmembershavenocentraltendencyatanyparticulartimeofday.This
couldpossiblybeduetostudentshavingschedulesthattypicallytendtobeintheearlierpartoftheday(with
workandschoolinconsideration)andfacultyhavingmoreflexibleschedules.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
13/27
QUESTION
Onaverage,dopeoplefindthequalityofcardioroomequipmenttobemoreimportantthanthequalityof
selectorized(pinloaded)equipment?Isthereadifferencebetweentheiraveragesatisfactionwiththe
performanceofcardioequipmentandselectorizedequipment?
This research questionrequires twoanalysesto test ifARCmembershavea different averagescoreon two
differentcontinuousvariables;cardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)equipment.Wechoseto
runapairedsamplest-testwith95%confidencetodeterminethisdifference.
PairedSamplesTest
PairedDifferences
95%Confidence
Intervalofthe
Difference
Mean Std.
Deviation
Std.Error
Mean
Lower Upper
t df Sig.(2-
tailed)
Pair
1
Importance-
Qualityofcardio
roomequipment
-Importance-
Qualityof
selectorized(pin
loaded)weight
machines
.342 .845 .040 .264 .420 8.649 455 .000
Theresultsofthepairedsamplestestshowsthatthereisinfactadifferenceintheperceivedimportanceinqualityof cardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.Thisis clearfromthethet
value(8.649)beinggreaterthanthez-value(1.96)andthesignificance(.000)beinglessthanbeta(.05).Weare
95%confidentthatthereisastatisticaldifferencebetweentheimportanceinqualityofcardioroomequipment
and that of selectorized (pin loaded) weight machines. The positive range also implies that the perceived
importance in quality of cardio room equipment is greater than that of selectorized (pin loaded) weigh
machines.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
14/27
PairedSamplesTest
PairedDifferences
95%Confidence
Intervalofthe
Difference
Mean Std.
Deviation
Std.Error
Mean
Lower Upper
t df Sig.(2-
tailed)
Pair1
Performance-
Qualityofcardioroomequipment-
Performance-
Qualityof
selectorized(pin
loaded)weight
machines
.197 .730 .037 .124 .270 5.301 385 .000
Theresultsofthepairedsamplest-testshowsthat,with95%confidence,thatthereisinfactadifferenceinthe
perceivedperformanceinqualityofcardioroomequipmentandselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.This
isclearfromthethet-value(5.301)beinggreaterthanthez-value(1.96)andthesignificance(.000)beingless
thanbeta(.05).Thepositiverangeoftheconfidenceintervalalsoimpliesthattheperceivedperformancein
qualityofcardioroomequipmentisgreaterthanthatofselectorized(pinloaded)weightmachines.
INTERPRETATION
Theresultsofourpairedsamplest-testshowsthatonaverage,peopleranktheimportanceandperformancein
qualityofcardioroomequipmenthigherthantheimportanceandperformanceofqualitypinloadedweight
machines.Thiscouldpossiblybearesultofahigherproportionofwomenthanmenbeingsurveyed,aswomen
reportedly use cardio equipment more thanmen whilemen use weight machinesmore than women, bu
furtheranalysiswouldbeneededtoidentifyacorrelation.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
15/27
QUESTION
IsthereadifferencebetweenhowSDSUstudentsandAffiliates/Faculty/Staff/Alumniperceivetheperformance
ofARCstaffmembers?Specifically,isthereadifferencebetweenhowthesetwogroupsassessstaffperformance
basedon:
- Staffaccessibility- Whetherstaffgreetmembersuponarrival - Whetherstaffmakemembersfeelwelcome- Howoftenmembersseekstaffassistance
Because one continuous outcome variable is dependent on a single categorical predictor variable, an
independentsamplest-testwillbeusedtotestifthereisasignificantdifferencebetweenthetwomembership
typesandtheirsatisfactionwithARCstaffmembersbaseduponaccessibility,whethertheygreetmembersupon
arrival,whethertheymakemembersfeelwelcome,andwithhowoftenmembersseekstaffassistance.
ThereisonlyasignificantdifferencebetweenSDSUStudentsandFacultywithhowtheyperceiveperformance
ofARCstaffinregardstobeinggreetedwhenenteringtheARC.Weare90%confidentthatstudentswillon
averagefeellesssatisfiedwithhowtheyaregreetedwhentheyentertheARCthanfaculty.Facultyhasahighe
perceptionthanstudentsdo,assignifiedbythenegativeconfidenceintervalforthatparticularvariable.Itisalso
signifiedbythefactthatthisvariablesp-value(.001)islessthanbeta(.10).
Forthethreeothervariables,wefailtorejectHoandare90%confidentthatthereisnosignificantdifference
between how satisfied students and faculty are with ARC staffmember performance. In regards to feeling
welcomeattheARC,thep-value(.224)isgreaterthanbeta(.10).Satisfactionwithbeingabletofindastaff
personwhenneededalsoshowsnosignificantdifferenceassignifiedbythep-value(0.839)beinggreaterthan
beta(.10),aswellwithhowoftenonewantstofindastaffperson;p-valueof.879comparedto.10.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
16/27
INTERPRETATION
SDSU Affiliates/Faculty/Staff/Alumni havea higher satisfactionlevelwith howthey aregreeted byARCstaf
membersthanstudentsdo.ThiscouldbeduetothefactthatARCstaffmemberstendtobestudents,aspowe
rolesmightinfluencetheirlikelihoodtogreetfaculty,butfurtheranalysisisneededtodeterminethecausality
oftheseresults.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
17/27
QUESTION
Canmembersmonthlyhoursspentatthegymbepredictedbytheir:
-Gender
-FavoriteT.V.station(ESPN&ESPN2)
-Overallsatisfaction
-Perceivedimportanceofcleanstretchingmats
-Perceivedimportanceofroomtemperature
Totesttoseeifmembersmonthlyhoursspentatthegymcanbepredictedbyvariousothervariables,suchas
gender,favoriteTVstation,overallsatisfaction,perceivedimportanceofcleanstretchingmats,andperceived
importanceofroomtemperature,wewillrunalinearregressiontofindalinethatbestpredictsthetrendsof
thedataandtotestthestrengthofcorrelation.
Gender
- LowR2valueshowsweakcorrelation- p-value(.000)compared tobeta(.05)impliessignificance,howeverpositiverangeforconfidenceinterva
actuallyshowsthatwomenwillspendbetween1.7904.111hoursmorethanmenattheARCpermonth
(with95%confidence)
7/29/2019 ARC Project
18/27
TVChannel
- VerylowcorrelationforbothTVchannels(.004forESPNand.001forESPN2)- Insignificantdifference(ifany)signifiedbyconfidenceintervalcontaining0inbothvariables
7/29/2019 ARC Project
19/27
OverallSatisfaction
- Somecorrelation(.153)- ThereISasignificantdifference(p-value.000
7/29/2019 ARC Project
20/27
7/29/2019 ARC Project
21/27
ImportanceofRoomTemperature
- Verylowcorrelation(.02)- Showssignificantdifference,p-value(.002)islessthanbeta(.05)- Confidence interval does not contain 0, and has a positive range, implying that people who rank the
importanceoftemperatureasveryimportantwillspendmoretimeattheARCpermonth
INTERPRETATION
PeoplewhoarelesssatisfiedwiththetemperatureofroomsattheARCmaybemorefrequentgymusers,
causingthemtohaveastrongeropinionastohowmuchtheyvaluethisfactorinagym.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
22/27
VariablesandLogicforInclusion
Variable
Description
VariableName LogicforInclusion
Gender Gender Throughanalyzingthedemographicsofthe
SDSUpopulation,wehavereasontobelieve
thatfemalestudentconcernwithbodyin
additiontothehighratioofwomentomen
willpredictthatwomenwillspendmorehours
amonthattheARC.
Membership
Type
Mem_Type Studentshavegenerallyliveclosertothe
ARC,thanfacultywholiveclosertocampus
alsoliveclosertotheARC,makingitmore
conven,onaverage,thanfaculty,and
therefore
Membership
Length
Mem_Length MemberswhohaveheldtheirARC
membershipforlongerhavedecidedto
maintaintheirmembership,implyingthatthey
utilizetheirmembership.Therefore,those
whohavehadalongermembershipare
predictedtospendmoretimepermonththan
thosewhohaveheldashortermembership.
Satisfaction
withroom
temperature
Prf_Atm_Temp Thosewhoaremoresatisfiedwiththe
temperatureoftheARCarepredictedto
spendalongertimeatthegymwhentheydo
go,andtherefore,aremorelikelytospend
moretimepermonthoverallthanthosewho
aredissatisfiedwiththetemperatureofthe
gym.
Primarytime
workingout
WrkoutTime Peoplewhoworkoutinthemorningsmay
havelesstimetospendwhiletheyareatthe
gymthanthosewhogolaterintheday,
predictingthatpeoplewhogolaterinthedaywillspendmoretimepermonthatthegym.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
23/27
Gender
Model Summaryb
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .244a
.059 .057 5.8805
a. Predictors: (Constant), men 0 women 1
b. Dependent Variable: FAKE DATA. This is a SIMULATED variable.
It it the number of hours a respondent spends at the ARC, on average,
the previous month.
- LowR2valueshowsweakcorrelation- p-value(.000)compared tobeta(.05)impliessignificance,howeverpositiverangeforconfidenceinterva
actuallyshowsthatwomenwillspendbetween1.7904.111hoursmorethanmenattheARCpermonth
(with95%confidence)
INTERPRETATION
WomenmaybepredictedtospendslightlymoretimeattheARCpermonththanmenbecausetheytendtouse
cardio machines, giving themaerobicworkoutsovera long amount of time, asopposedto men whomore
frequently use weight machines for anaerobic workouts that take less time. However, to explore the
relationships betweengender andworkout time furtherwewould need to conductexploratory research to
determinewhatfactors(suchaslengthoftypicalworkout)maybethecauseofthisweakpositiverelationship
betweenwomenandworkouttime.
7/29/2019 ARC Project
24/27
MembershipType
- Lowcorrelationcoefficient(.012)- Significantdifference(.027
7/29/2019 ARC Project
25/27
MembershipLength
- Somecorrelation(.367)- Significance(.000
7/29/2019 ARC Project
26/27
PerformanceandRoomTemperature
- Lowcorrelation(.011)- Significance(.037
7/29/2019 ARC Project
27/27
Top Related