Causes: Cultural: Culturally dependent eating seafood Social:
Seafood cheap and accessible to poor Japanese Physical: Minamata
citys Chisso Co. dumped toxic materials into the bay Methyl mercury
chloride
Slide 4
Effect on Environment: Death of fish Mercury in sludge and
ocean water Water sources ruined
Slide 5
Effects on Humans: Disease of central nervous system (Minimata
disease) Mercury poisoning 36.7 mortality rate Loss of sensation
and eventual death Convulsions
Slide 6
How did they fix the problem? Kumamoto University began to
research the disease Found animals with same problems realized it
dealt with food Fish main diet traced back to ocean Compensation of
patients Wastewater treatment
Slide 7
Prevention Prevention of Pollution- related Health Damage Rules
and regulations for pollution and dumping into the ocean Companies
like Chisso under more scrutiny
Slide 8
Status Water and food sources have been cleaned Now facing
pollution from other sources like nuclear reactors Regulations
placed on fishing industry
Slide 9
By: Ashley Aviram, Paul Park, Daniella Shoenburg
Slide 10
The Great Smog of 52 Big Smoke
Slide 11
Why did this occur?!?!? A mass of stagnant air had collected
above the sky of London, trapping all the pollutants in the air The
cold weather present during that time meant millions of Londoners
would be burning more coal than usual Vehicle exhaust also
contributed to the pollution, especially the diesel-fueled
buses
Slide 12
Environmental Effects :( Poor visibility people could not see
past a few yards I cant see!!!!
Slide 13
Effects on Humans :( An estimated 12,000 people died Most of
the victims were young, old, or had had respiratory problems About
25,000 people became ill
Slide 14
Solutions?!?!?!?! Luckily, a change of weather removed the
stagnant air and the Big Smoke dispersed YAYYYYYYY!!!!!
Slide 15
Prevention!! New regulations were created to restrict the use
of dirty fuels and black smoke Clean Air Act of 1956 and 58 banned
emissions of black smoke residents of urban areas and operators of
factories must convert to smokeless fuels
Slide 16
Currently? The London Fog lasted only from 12/5/52 to 12/9/52,
so it does not exist today Smog is also less prominent due to the
new laws
Slide 17
Bibliography
http://www.environmentaltrends.org/single/article/fl
ashback-air-quality-trends-before-1970.html
http://www.environmentaltrends.org/single/article/fl
ashback-air-quality-trends-before-1970.html
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId =873954
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId =873954
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/great_smog.htm l
http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/great_smog.htm l
http://www.nickelinthemachine.com/2008/11/a-
proper-pea-souper-the-terrible-london-smog-of-1952/
http://www.nickelinthemachine.com/2008/11/a-
proper-pea-souper-the-terrible-london-smog-of-1952/
Slide 18
By: Shawn Hakakian Jonny Lalezari David Hakakian THREE MILE
ISLAND
Slide 19
Map of three mile island
Slide 20
Sequence of Certain Events 1) EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS 2)
DESIGN-RELATED PROBLEMS 3) WORKER ERRORS ALL LED TO MELTDOWN
Slide 21
Causes FIRST FAILURES ON WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28, 1979 AT 4A.M.
WATER PUMPS STOPPED WORKING. TURBINE AND REACTOR SHUT DOWN.
PRESSURE INCREASE, PRESSURE VALVE OPENED COOLANT WATER POURS OUT,
REACTOR OVERHEATS
Slide 22
ENIVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS -Most radiation contained -Some
radioactive gas released -Low radiation levels released
-Water/plants cleaned
Slide 23
EFFECT ON HUMANS DEATH TOLL: 0 2 MILLION PEOPLE, AFFECTED W/
ONLY 1 MILLIREM (RADIOACTIVITY) (A CHEST X-RAY IS 6 MILLIREMS)
INCREASE IN PUBLIC FEAR AND DISTRESS NRC REGULATIONS BECAME
BROADENED 5-mile radius cleared 10-mile radius, stay at home,
windows closed.
Slide 24
Problem Fixed -60 workers -Cooled it down, shut it off -High
pressure water injection -Restarted one reactor coolant pump
Slide 25
Prevention -Better operator training/ instruction. -Emergency
preparedness -NRC public report requirement -Additional monitoring
equipment -High standards by INPO
Slide 26
Current Environmental Status - TMI-2 Reactor Permanently shut
down -Radioactive water decontaminated -Waste/Debris shipped
off-site. -Long term monitored storage -TMI-2 will run once TMI-1
plant operating license expires
Slide 27
Bibliography -"Three Mile Island | TMI 2 |Three Mile Island
Accident." World Nuclear Association | Nuclear Power - a
Sustainable Energy Resource. Web. 06 Oct. 2011..http://www.world-
nuclear.org/info/inf36.html -"Three Mile Island: The Rest of the
Story..." Potassium Iodide Pills Anti-Radiation Pill & Nuclear
Emergency FAQ. Radiation Detectors, Meters, Geiger Counters &
Potassium Iodine Iodate Pills. Web. 06 Oct.
2011..http://www.ki4u.com/three_mile_island.htm -"NRC: Backgrounder
on the Three Mile Island Accident." NRC: Home Page. Web. 06 Oct.
2011..http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html
-"A Nuclear Nightmare -- Printout -- TIME." Breaking News,
Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews -
TIME.com. Web. 06 Oct. 2011..
Slide 28
Nuclear Disaster
Slide 29
Maps hi Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located in Ukraine,
20km south of the border with Belarus.
Slide 30
Causes Of Disaster 26 April 1986 Caused by inexperienced staff
working at the Chernobyl Power Plant The staff wanted to test
reactor 4 but another power plant went down The Chernobyl plant had
to produce more power than it was supposed to so it could
compensate The night staff who were less experienced thought they
could test the reactor, but did not know that you couldnt test
while it was producing double the power The emergency shutdown
mechanism couldnt stop the plant, and their Geiger counters werent
advanced enough to tell them how high the radiation levels were The
crew stayed 3 days after the explosion not knowing the high
radiation levels, as they were attempting to pump water into the
reactor to control it
Slide 31
Effect Of Disaster On The Environment Largest uncontrolled
radioactive release in environment residentially and large amounts
of radioactive substances released into the air Deposited in the
urban areas near the power plant The deposition of radioactive
iodine contaminated agricultural plants, grazing animals
Particularly contaminated mushrooms and berries Radioactive
materials from Chernobyl deposited on rivers, lakes and some water
reservoirs The radioactive materials released by the accident had
immediate harmful effects on plants and animals living within 20 to
30 km of the Chernobyl power plant
Slide 32
Effect Of Disaster On Humans The current death toll =1 million
people Around 1800 children ages 0 to 14 were diagnosed with
Thyroid Cancer Up to 2.4 million Ukrainians had negative effects on
their health Explosion effected all of Europe Higher rates of Birth
defects have been linked to disaster
Slide 33
What Is Being Done To Fix This Problem? During the first years,
settlements in contaminated regions of the USSR were cleaned up at
a very high cost In order to reduce long term contamination of milk
and meat with radioactive cesium, the animals were fed crops that
would trap the radioactive chemicals Between May and November 1986,
a Shelter was built to contain the damaged reactor to prevent
further release The overall plan for the long term development of
the Exclusion Zone is to make the less affected areas available for
use by the public.
Slide 34
Prevention Of Future Disasters The Soviet Union and, later, the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) spent large amounts of
money to deal with clean-up and repair. To prevent the release of
more radiation a Shelter was quickly built to contain the damaged
reactor. (Problems become apparent with the first shelter and a new
more durable shelter is being built.) New Safe Confinement (NSC)
should provide more than 100 years of service life and is planned
to cover over the existing Shelter.
Slide 35
Current Environmental Status Of Area Large amounts of
radioactive waste was generated and placed in temporary
near-surface waste storage and disposal facilities. An exclusion
Zone was created extending up to 30 km in all directions around the
Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Restrictions have been placed on
fresh water, hunting, and forest products (berries, mushrooms, and
firewood) in the areas surrounding Chernobyl. Since the disaster,
the radiation levels have reduced significantly, but are still very
high. Although some animals have returned, very few people go
there.
Slide 36
Sources "Causes of the Chernobyl Disaster |
Chernobyl-Disaster.com." The Chernobyl Disaster |
Chernobyl-Disaster.com. Http://www.chernobyl-disaster.com/. Web. 04
Oct. 2011.. "Chernobyl Global Radiation Patterns." Web. 04 Oct.
2011.. Fernandez, Marisa. "Scientific Facts on the Chernobyl
Nuclear Accident." Green Facts - Facts on Health and the
Environment. Green Facts' Scientific Board, 12 Apr. 2006. Web. 04
Oct. 2011.. Preuss, Simone. "Chernobyl 1984-2009: Then and Now |
Environmental Graffiti." Popular | Environmental Graffiti.
Environmentalgraffiti. Web. 04 Oct. 2011.. "WHO | Health Effects of
the Chernobyl Accident: an Overview." Www.who.int. World Health
Organization, Apr. 2006. Web. 04 Oct. 2011..
Slide 37
By: Natan Dorenbaum, Andrew Loewy, Jacob Roeder, Jack
Wagner
Slide 38
Map and General Area Capital of Hiroshima Prefecture First city
destroyed by nuclear bomb
Slide 39
Causes (Why Hiroshima?) Was a major army depot and port in an
urban industrial area US believed that the bomb would save more
lives than destroy than if their was a full invasion Large part of
city would be effected
Slide 40
Effects On The Environment Air pollution from radioactive
debris Water sources were polluted by radioactive particles
Agricultural production was damaged Soil polluted and ruined Dead
stalks of rice could be found up to 7 miles from ground zero
Slide 41
Effects On Humans Wiped out 90% of Hiroshima 100,000 people
immediately killed Between 100,000- 200,000 people died in all from
both immediate death and radiation sickness later on Hair loss,
nose bleeds, fever, nausea, death, etc. Feelings of fear,
confusion, and hatred
Slide 42
What is Being Done to Fix the problem? Hiroshima was rebuilt
after the war Proclaimed a city of peace Hiroshima Peace Memorial
City Construction law was passed and provided financial assistance
for reconstruction Atomic Dome is the closest building to ground
zero that survived and became the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park
Atomic Dome
Slide 43
Prevention International Atomic Energy Agency established to
encourage peaceful applications of nuclear tech Comprehensive Test
Ban Treaty prohibits all testing of nuclear weapons International
Atomic Energy Agency Symbol
Slide 44
Environmental Status Background radiation now at normal levels
Population today-about 1.12 million City was rebuilt and is a major
urban center Now one of Japans largest supplier of nuclear power
how ironic
Slide 45
Bibliography Works Cited "Environmental Effects of War." Water
Treatment and Purification - Lenntech. Web. 06 Oct. 2011..
"Hiroshima, 64 Years Ago - The Big Picture - Boston.com."
Boston.com - Boston, MA News, Breaking News, Sports, Video. Web. 06
Oct. 2011.. "Hiroshima Plant | Environmental Conservation | Elpida
Memory." Elpida Memory, Inc. Web. 06 Oct. 2011.. "Nuclear Files:
Timeline of the Nuclear Age: 1945." Nuclear Files - From Nuclear
Proliferation to Nuclear Testing, from Hiroshima to North Korea,
Nuclear Files Offers the A to Z on Nuclear Issues. Web. 06 Oct.
2011..
Slide 46
Slide 47
Slide 48
China was the country which was affected by the Kill a Sparrow
Campaign
Slide 49
Initiated in 1958 as a hygiene campaign by Mao Zedong Initiated
in 1958 as a hygiene campaign by Mao Zedong Zedong identified the
need to exterminate mosquitoes, flies, rats, and sparrows Zedong
identified the need to exterminate mosquitoes, flies, rats, and
sparrows Tried increasing rice yields Tried increasing rice yields
Culturally influenced by TVB drama series Rosy Business Culturally
influenced by TVB drama series Rosy Business -peasant came up with
idea of killing sparrows to improve agricultural output -peasant
came up with idea of killing sparrows to improve agricultural
output
Slide 50
Increase in insects and worms since their predators (sparrows)
died off Increase in insects and worms since their predators
(sparrows) died off One of Chinas greatest locus invasions of
history One of Chinas greatest locus invasions of history Crops
died from being eaten by an abundant amount of pesticides Crops
died from being eaten by an abundant amount of pesticides
Slide 51
Famine Famine 30-43 million deaths resulted from starvation
30-43 million deaths resulted from starvation
Slide 52
Mao ordered end to campaign against sparrows replacing them
with bed bugs Mao ordered end to campaign against sparrows
replacing them with bed bugs Too late Too late Locust population
increases Locust population increases Increases ecological problems
caused by Great Leap Forward Increases ecological problems caused
by Great Leap Forward -widespread deforestation -widespread
deforestation -misuse of poisons and pesticides -misuse of poisons
and pesticides Great Chinese Famine Great Chinese Famine -more than
30 million died of starvation -more than 30 million died of
starvation
Slide 53
This disaster was easily preventable Humans shouldnt get
involved with nature In the future, humans should allow natural
regulation to take its course
Slide 54
STILL did not stop: in 1998 had campaign to kill cockroaches
instead of sparrows STILL did not stop: in 1998 had campaign to
kill cockroaches instead of sparrows June 19, 1998: poster at
Southwest Agricultural University in Chongqing June 19, 1998:
poster at Southwest Agricultural University in Chongqing
Cockroaches instead of sparrows Cockroaches instead of sparrows
Similar campaign in the spring of 1998 in Beijing Similar campaign
in the spring of 1998 in Beijing
Slide 55
Liker, Andrs. "Site of Sparrows - Dark Era of Sparrows."
Sparrows. Web. 04 Oct. 2011.. Summers-Smith, J. Denis (1992). In
Search of Sparrows. London: Poyser. pp. 122124. ISBN 0-85661-073-9.
McCarthy, Michael (2 August 2006). "The secret life of sparrows".
The Independent.
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/the-secret-life-
of-sparrows-410252.html. Retrieved 30 January 2009. "The secret
life of
sparrows"http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/the-secret-life-
of-sparrows-410252.html Shapiro, Judith Rae (2001). Mao's War
Against Nature: Politics and the Environment in Revolutionary
China. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521786800. ISBN0521786800
Dikotter, Frank (2010). Mao's Great Famine. New York: Walker &
Co.. p. 188.
Slide 56
Love Canal Mix 82 Chemicals Place in Canal for 25 Years Yield:
Sickness + Death
Slide 57
Slide 58
Background Information Love Canal neighborhood in Niagara
Falls, NY Used as Toxic Waste Dump by Niagara Falls & US Army
in WWII 1942 - Hooker Electrochemical Company dumped waste in the
canal
Slide 59
Causes Growing population - over 85000 City needed land for new
schools Hooker Chemical Company sold the land for $1 City of
Niagara Falls warned of toxicity, but still bought land
Slide 60
Effects on Environment Vegetation died Water contaminated Canal
began to crack
Slide 61
Effects on Humanity Chemicals seeped into homes Miscarriages
Birth Defects: Physical & Mental Contaminated Breast Milk High
rate of cancer
Slide 62
Whats Being Done in Response? Government relocated > 800
families Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act passed Occidental Petroleum (H.E.C) fined $129
Million Most toxic areas reburied + fence built
Slide 63
Current Status of Love Canal Today less than 90 of the original
900 families remain. Most of the toxins in soil remain Toxic
rain
Slide 64
64 Bibliography Dean, Cornelia. "Superfund News - The New York
Times." Times Topics - The New York Times. 06 Oct. 2011. Web. 06
Oct.
2011..http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/superfund/index.h
tml "Love Canal Follow-up Health Study - April 2002." New York
State Department of Health. Web. 06 Oct.
2011..http://www.health.state.ny.us/environmental/investigations/love_canal/402news.htm
"Love Canal Superfund Site | Region 2 | US EPA." US Environmental
Protection Agency. Web. 06 Oct.
2011..http://www.epa.gov/region2/superfund/npl/lovecanal/images.html
Slide 65
By: Brian Aminpour Chanel Taghdis
Slide 66
Map of Region Affected
Slide 67
Loss of control over the pressure in the well Failure of wells
blowout preventer Blowout preventers emergency functions failed to
seal the well causing leak Social cause: Huge amounts of oil found
underwater Practice underwater drilling, has since been halted
Wanted oil for technological advances Causes of Disaster
Slide 68
Oil gushing for 3 months into the gulf Fire burned for 36 hours
and hydrocarbons leaked into gulf Infects the food chain Affects
life forms in the ocean Kills turtles, fishes, and other endangered
species Layering areas of ocean floor with deposits Effect of
Disaster on Environment
Slide 69
Effect of Disaster on Humans Oil spills take a toll on human
communities Eleven people died and others were injured Damage
caused to livelihoods of those living in the communities that were
affected Fisheries closed
Slide 70
Fixing the Problem $17.7 billion for response activities
Cleaning up and restoring the gulfs beaches with new technologies
Wildlife groups developed rescue programs for wildlife Compensating
individuals, businesses, and other agencies The conservancy is
expanding our work project to restore ecological
infrastructure
Slide 71
Prevention of Future Disasters Companies like earth justice try
to stop the expansion of offshore drilling Force federal agencies
to do their jobs instead of depending on BP Oil company National
institute of health conducting studies on health effects and
educating people New technology which monitor for the presence of
oil in water
Slide 72
Current Status of Area The oil has stopped flowing Large scale
restoration is needed for: marshes, oyster beds, and coastal
forests The fisheries have now re-opened Demand for oil grows