EQUIPMENTSWEIGHING SCALE- DETECTO SCALE
ELECTRONIC SCALE
SPRING MACHINE
HEIGHT\LENGTH - INFANTOMETER
STADOMETER
MEASURING TAPE
CALIPERS
WeightLength and Height Head CircumferenceChest Circumference
Mid arm CircumferenceSkin Fold Thikness
Upper Segment/Lower Segment Ratio
AGE DEPENDENT MEASUREMENTS
Weight For Age
Height For AgeHead CircumferenceChest Circumference
Mid arm CircumferenceSkin Fold Thickness
AGE INDEPENDENT MEASUREMENTS
Weight For Height Normal - >90%
Mild PEM –80-90% Mod PEM –70-80%- Severe PEM –<70%
Rao and Singh Criteria(wt/ht2) Normal – 0.15 – 0.16 Dugdale”s Index (wt/ht1.6) Normal – 0.88 – 0.97
Quac Stick-(mac/ht)Kanawati and Mclaren Index-(mac/hc)
Normal - >0.310 Mild PEM – 0.310-0.280 Mod PEM – 0.280-0.250
Severe PEM - < 0.250
Assessment
Weight: most reliable criterion for assessment of health and nutritional status of children. Weight is a measure of total body mass and is sensitive to changes in body fluids, fat ,muscle mass, skeleton and body organs.
GROWTH VELOCITY 0-4 months 1.0 kg/month (30g/day)
5-8 months 0.75 kg/month (20g/day) 9-12 months 0.50 kg/month (15g/day)
1-3 years 3.0 kg/yr 3-12 years 2.0 kg/yr 12-18 years 5.0-6.0 kg/yr (0.5 kg/month)
Formulas for Weight (Weight for age)
The newborn loses weight in the first few days after birth due to loss of edema fluid and
regains birth weight by about the 10th day of life.
Weight increases by 25-30 grams/day from day 10 of life to 3 months age.
From 3 months – 1 year: Weight (Kgs) = 9 +( age months)/ 2
From 1 year – 6 years: Weight (Kgs) = 2 (age in years) + 8
From 6 years – 12 years: Weight (Kgs) = 7 (age in years) – 5 /2
Length and Height
Upto 2 years of age recumbent length is measured with the help
of an infantometer while in order children standing height is recorded
Height Velocity
At birth : 20 inches (50 cm)
Gain during 1st year : 10 inches (25 cm)
Gain during 2nd year : 5 inches (12.5 cm)
Gain during 3rd year : 3.4 inches (7.5 -10 cm)
Gain during 3-12 years : 2-3 inches/year (5.0 –7.5 cm)
Adolescence : 8 cm / year girls
10 cm / year boys
*Formula for Length or Height cm = (age in years x 6 + 77)
Head CircumferenceGrowth velocity(4-3-2-1-1-1)Till 3 months : 2 cm / month3 months – 1 year : 2 cm / 3 months (1/3 of
initial velocity)1- 3 years : 1 cm / 6 months (1/12 of
initial velocity)3-5 years : 1 cm / year (1-24 of
initial velocity)
During first year there is 12 cm increase in head circumference, while between 1-5 years age,only 5 cm gain occurs in head size. Adult head size is achieved between 5 to 6 years.
Chest circumference
The chest circumference is lower than the head circumference at birth. It equals the head circumference by 9 months in western children & by 1-2 years in Indian children & then crosses it. In PEM, because of brain-sparing, the head circumference is not as much affected as the chest circumference & hence the cross-over may not occur even after 3 years.
MID ARM CIRCUMFERENCE
AGE INDIPENDENT CRITERIA
AGE OF 1 – 5 Yr
MID POINT OF ACRIMIAN AND OLECRANON PROCESS
NORMAL ->14.5-16 CM
MOD MALNUTRITION 12.5-13.5 CM
SEVERE MALNUTRITION <12.5 CM
SKIN FOLD THICKNESSBiceps- The anterior surface of the biceps midway between the anterior auxiliary
fold and the antecubital fossa.Triceps- A vertical fold on the posterior midline of the upper arm, over the triceps
muscle, halfway between the acrosion process, and olecranon process. The elbow should be extended and the arm relaxed.
Subscapular- The fold is taken on the diagonal line coming from the vertebral border to between 1 and 2 cm from the inferior angle of the scapulae.
Suprai l iac- A diagonal fold above the crest of the ilium at the spot where an imaginary line would come down from the anterior auxiliary line.
NORMAL – 1-6yr - >10 cmSevere PEM - < 6 CM
HERPENDEN’S CALIPER
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