Download - Anthropology

Transcript
Page 1: Anthropology

Anthropology

Unit 1

Page 2: Anthropology
Page 3: Anthropology

What is Anthropology?• Study of human beings and their relatives

everywhere, throughout time.• There are many ways in which to do so

• What are some goals?• What could go wrong?• Do people like Indiana Jones exist?

Page 4: Anthropology

What’s up with this picture?

Page 5: Anthropology

Better???

Page 6: Anthropology

Bestest????

Page 7: Anthropology

Perspectives• Anthropology as a distinct science

o Focus on interconnectedness and interdependence of all aspects of the human experience in all places and in all times

o Both biological and cultural, past and present

o Holistic Perspective: the various parts of human culture and biology MUST be viewed in the broadest possible context in order to understand their interconnections and interdependence.

Page 8: Anthropology
Page 9: Anthropology

Holistic ApproachThis helps anthropologists reach their goals in the following ways:

o Welcome contributions from other professionals (how?)

o Stay aware of ways that their own cultural ideas and values may impact their research (how?)….try to avoid ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism: the belief that the ways of one’s own culture are the only proper ones.

Page 10: Anthropology

Physical Anthro• The systematic study of humans as biological

organisms; also known as biological anthropology

• Concentration on:o Molecularo Human evolutiono Primatologyo Growth and developmento Human adaptationo forensics

Page 11: Anthropology

Molecular• Study of genes and genetic relationships

• Comparisons among groups separated by time, geography, or the frequency of a gene can reveal how humans have adapted and where they have migrated.

• Experts of: anatomy, bones and body tissues• Employment: Labs, public health, criminal

investigations

Page 12: Anthropology
Page 13: Anthropology

Paleoanthropology• Study of the origins and predecessors of the present

human species; the study of human evolution. Great time spans (long history)

• We share common ancestry with other primates (apes specifically), therefore PA’s look back at earliest (65mya) or even to earliest mammals (215mya) to reconstruct evolution path

• Takes bio cultural approach (focusing on biology and culture)

• Genetic analysis: human line originated 5-8 mya

Page 14: Anthropology
Page 15: Anthropology
Page 16: Anthropology
Page 17: Anthropology

Primatology• The study of living and fossil primates• Primates: Asian and African apes, monkeys,

lemurs, lorises, tarsiers

• Biologically, humans are members of Ape family

• Studies offer scientifically grounded perspectives on our ancestors as well as greater appreciation and respect for our closest living relatives

Page 18: Anthropology
Page 19: Anthropology
Page 20: Anthropology

Jane Goodall• Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of

social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees

• I have met her.

Page 21: Anthropology
Page 22: Anthropology

Human growth, Adaptation, Variation

• Focuses on the capacity of humans to adapt or adjust to their material environment (comparative approach as we live in a variety of enviros)

• We are the only large orgs to inhabit the entire planet (remarkable adaptations)

• Adaptations: Heat, Cold, Altitude• Therefore:• Variations: Height, skin colour, body build, blood

type, and susceptibility to certain diseases

Page 23: Anthropology
Page 24: Anthropology

Forensic• Specializes in the identification of human skeletal

remains for legal purposes

• Called upon for: murder victims, genocides, human rights abuses, terrorism, and war crimes

• Specialists in human anatomy to determine: sex, age, right or left handed, population affiliation, or experienced trauma of any kind

Page 25: Anthropology
Page 26: Anthropology

Cultural• Cultural Anthro: Study of the patterns of human

behaviour, thought, and feelings• Focuses on humans as culture-producing and

culture-reproducing creatures.

• Culture: Society’s shared and socially transmitted ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behaviour and are reflected in that behaviour.o Archaeologyo Ethnologyo Linguistics

Page 27: Anthropology
Page 28: Anthropology

Archaeology• Study of human cultures through the recovery

and analysis of material remains and environmental data

• Tools, pottery, hearths, enclosures, human, plant, marine remains, some of which date back to 2.5mya

• Is also within Physical Anthropology realm. Have to understand biology, and a lot of facets of the phys side of anthro.

Page 29: Anthropology
Page 30: Anthropology
Page 31: Anthropology
Page 32: Anthropology

Ethnology• Study of different cultures from a comparative or

historical point of view. Why are certain cultures different or similar among all humans

• Concerned with scientific explanations concerning the function and operation of social practices and features in all times in all places.

• Employment: business, education, healthcare, government humanitarian aid

Page 33: Anthropology
Page 34: Anthropology

Linguistics• The study of human languages - looking at their

structure, history, and relation to social cultural contexts

• Language is a technology that we have learned