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Introduction
to
Android
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MOBILE O.SSome of the popular operating systems used in
mobile gadgets are given below.
1. Symbian Nokia
Windows Phone
2. iOS Apple
3. Blackberry O.S Blackberry
4. Android Many Handsetmanufacturers
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WHAT IS ANDROID?
Android is a software stack for mobile
devices that includes an operating system,middleware and key applications
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We want the next killer application to be written
for cell phones
- Andy Rubin, Google
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GOOGLE BUYSANDROID
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OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE
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OPEN HANDSETALLIANCE
It's a consortium of several companies
Devoted to advancing open standards formobile devices
Develop technologies that will significantly
lower the cost of developing anddistributing mobile devices and services
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ANDROID SDK
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T-MOBILE G1
September 2008
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October 22, 2008
Retail launch
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G1 TECHNICAL SPECS
ROM 256 MB
RAM 192 MB
4.60 in x 2.16 in x 0.62 in
158 grams
3G (HSDPA)
Touch screen, HVGA 320x480
3.2 megapixel camera
Micro-SD expansion slot
GPS, compass, accelerometer
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THIRD PARTYAPPLICATIONS
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ANDROID APPLICATIONS
Multiple applications, running simultaneously
User may switch between running applications
Background services
Supports three Orientations
Has access to wi-fi, phone state, audio settings,external memory access.
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GOOGLES MASTER PLAN
Make the cloud more Accessible
Keep connectivity Pervasive
Make the client more Powerful
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GOOGLES MASTER PLAN
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DISTRIBUTING ANDROID APPS
Android Market
Self-publish on your own web site
Use a 3rd party application store
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ANDROID MARKET
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ANDROID MARKET
$25 registration fee for developers
developer receives 70% of each sale
remaining amount goes to carriers
Google does not take a percentage
http://www.android.com/market/
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MARKET GOT YOU DOWN? Market got you down?
upload APK to your own web server
http://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apk
use correct MIME type
application/vnd.android.package-archive
http://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apkhttp://icecondor.com/download/icecondor-2008-10-26.apk8/2/2019 Android Final 2
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IPHONE VS ANDROID !?
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6) COST
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STATISTICS
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STATISTICS
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ANDROID ENABLEDFRIDGE ------------>
ANDROID ENABLED
WATCH
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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
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LINUX KERNEL Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core
system services, acts as a layer betweenhardware and software.
Manages the following; Security
Memory management
Process management Network stack
Driver model
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DALVIK VM
Not a Java VM
Design constraints: slow CPU, little RAM
Will run on OS without swap space
On compiling .class files will be changed to .dex format
The .dex format runs on the Dalvik platform.
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LIBRARIESA set of C/C++ libraries used by various components of the
Android system.
Some of the core libraries are listed below: System C library - an implementation of the standard C
system library (libc), tuned for embedded Linux-based devices Media Libraries - the libraries support playback and recording
of many popular audio, video and image formats . Surface Manager - manages access to the display subsystem
and seamlessly composites 2D and 3D graphic LibWebCore - a modern web browser engine which powers
both the Android browser and an embeddable web view SGL - the underlying 2D graphics engine FreeType - bitmap and vector font rendering SQLite - a powerful and lightweight relational database
engine available to all applications
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APPLICATION FRAMEWORK Activity Manager : Maintains the activities/screens of the applicationsthat are displayed
Window Manager: Co-ordinates the orientation of phone, sensors etc.
Content : Manages the data to be transferred between
Manager Activities / screens View System : Controls the various layouts, button
and UI level objects
Notification : Deals with the display of AlertBox, Toast msgs.
Manager
Telephony : Handles the process like call, sms, mms etc.Manager
Location : Uses Google Maps to access location related info
Manager
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NETWORK CONNECTIVITY
It supports wireless communications using
GSM mobile-phone technology
3G
802.11 Wi-Fi networks
Integrated Browser
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APPLICATION APISUI
android.widget.*
android.view.*
android.graphics.*
android.app.Activity etc
PhoneState
android.content.res.Configuration
android.hardware.Sensor
android.net.wifi.WifiManager
Telephony
android.telephony.TelephonyManager
android.telephony.SmsManager
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APPLICATION APIS
Web android.webkit.WebView
Cameraandroid.hardware.CameraDevice
Local database android.database.*
Mapscom.google.android.maps.MapView
Locationandroid.location.LocationManager
Multimedia android.media.MediaPlayer
*
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API LEVELS
API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifiesthe framework API revision offered by a version of theAndroid platform:
Android 2.3
(Gingerbread) 9/10
Android 2.2(Froyo)
8
Android 2.0/2.1(Eclair)
7
Android 1.6(Donut)
4
Android 1.5(Cupcake)
3
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DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Android SDK
Eclipse plugin
Android emulator
Command line tools
Documentation
Debugging tools
Android NDK Android PDK
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ANDROID SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTEssential for the development of applications on android environment.
Consists of the emulator, documentation, debugging tools and command line
Also requires ADT plugin for merging with eclipse.
Steps you must follow to set up the Android SDK:
Prepare your development computer and ensure it meets thesystem requirements.
Install the SDK starter package from the table above. (If you're on
Windows, download the installer for help with the initial setup.)
Install the ADT plugin for Eclipse (if you'll be developing in Eclipse).
Add Android platforms and other components to your SDK.Installers available at :
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html,
http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-
adt.html#installing
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html8/2/2019 Android Final 2
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ANDROID NATIVE DEVELOPMENTNDK is a companion tool to the Android SDK that letsyou build performance-critical portions of your apps in
native code.The NDK provides: A set of tools and build files used to generate nativecode libraries from C and C++ sources A way to embed the corresponding native librariesinto application packages files (.apks) that can bedeployed on Android devices A set of native system headers and libraries that willbe supported in all future releases of the Android
platform.Some of the needed Android source code packagesavailable in http://android.git.kernel.org/ are:1) Android.platform.bionic,2) Android.platform.build,
3) Android.platform.system.core, and
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ANDROID PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT Designed for platform developers and manufacturers building
Android-powered devices. Manages the porting of android operating system into a device
that matches requirements
Allows the developer to alter based on their device
Following are the main steps for porting Android:
Download the patches for Android
Update RIL (Radio Interface Library) for target platform
Update Board specific components such as Codec, Camera,
Audio, Wifi, Power Management, Bluetooth etc. Compile Android source code
Burn system image on Target platform
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ANDROID DEBUG BRIDGEA versatile tool lets you manage the state of an emulator instance or
Android-powered device.
It is a client-server program that includes three components:
A client, which runs on your development machine. You can invoke
a client from a shell by issuing an adb command.
A server, which runs as a background process on your development
machine. The server manages communication between the client and the
adb daemon running on an emulator or device.
A daemon, which runs as a background process on each emulator or
device instance.
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ADB COMMANDSadb push /system/app/ ----------put in system folder
adb devices ----lists which devices are currently attached to your computer
adb install lets you install an Android application on your phone
adb remount Remounts your system in write mode this lets you alter system files on
your phone using ADB
adb push lets you upload files to your phones
filesystem
adb pull lets you download files off your phones
filesystem
adb logcat starts dumping log from the console to a local file useful for debugging apps
adb shell drops you into a basic linux command shell on
your phone with no parameters, or lets you run commands directly
adb devices lists which devices are currently attached to your computer
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ANDROID EMULATOR
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EMULATOR LIMITATIONS
No support for placing or receiving actual phonecalls
No support for camera/video capture (input)
No support for determining battery charge level
Emulator limitations
No support for Bluetooth
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DEBUGGING TOOLSAndroid Debug Bridge
A versatile tool lets you manage the state of an emulatorinstance or Android-powered device.
android
Lets you manage AVDs, projects, and the installedcomponents of the SDK.
dmtracedumpGenerates graphical call-stack diagrams from trace logfiles. The tool uses the Graphviz Dot utility to create thegraphical output, so you need to install Graphviz beforerunning dmtracedump. For more information on
using dmtracedump.layoutopt
Lets you quickly analyze your application's layouts inorder to optimize them for efficiency.
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DEBUGGING TOOLSlogcat
Lets you read system log messages that are output on anAndroid device or emulator.
mksdcard
Helps you create a disk image that you can use with theemulator, to simulate the presence of an external storage card(such as an SD card).
Monkey
Runs on your emulator or device and generates pseudo-random streams of user events such as clicks, touches, orgestures, as well as a number of system-level events. You can
use the Monkey to stress-test applications that you aredeveloping, in a random yet repeatable manner.
sqlite3
Lets you access the SQLite data files created and used byAndroid
applications.
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COMPONENT MODELWhile each application runs as its own UNIX uid, sharing
can occur through application-level interactions
Interactions based on components
Different component types :
Activity
Service Content Provider
Broadcast Receiver
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ACTIVITY Each Activity is a screen. User actions tell an Activity to start
another Activity, possibly with theexpectation of a result.
The target Activity is not necessarily in
the same application. Processing stops when another
Activity ison top.
However, activities can also be
faceless One activity is designated as the entry
point for your application Building block of an activity is View
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ACTIVITY LIFE CYCLE
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SERVICE COMPONENTBackground processing occurs in Service components.
Downloading a file, playing music, tracking location, polling, etc.
Local vs. Remote Services (process-level distinction)
Also provides a service interface between applications
Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)
Register callback methods
Core functionality often implemented as Service components
e.g., Location API, Alarm service
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CONTENT PROVIDER COMPONENT Content Provider components provide a standardized interfacefor sharing data, i.e., content (between applications).
Models content in a relational DB
Users of Content Providers can perform queries equivalent to
SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE
Works well when content is tabular
Also works as means of addressing files
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BROADCAST RECEIVER COMPONENT Broadcast Receiver components act as specialized event Intent
handlers (also think of as a message mailbox).
Broadcast Receiver components subscribeto specific action strings
(possibly multiple)
action strings are defined by the system or developer
component is automatically called by the system
Recall that Android provides automatic Activity resolution using
action strings.
The action string was assigned to an Intent objectSender can specify component recipient (no action string)
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ANDROID MANIFEST
Manifest files are the technique for describing the contentsof an applicationpackage (i.e., resource file)
Each Android application has a special AndroidManifest.xml
file (included in the .apk package)
describes the contained components
components cannot execute unless they are listed
specifies rules for auto-resolution
specifies access rulesdescribes runtime dependencies
optional runtime libraries
required system permissions
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ANDROID MANIFEST
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EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS
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APK & PROJECT STRUCTURE An .apk file extension denotes
an Android Package (APK) file.
A variant of the JAR format, is used for thedistribution and installation of bundled
components onto the Android mobile device
platform.
An APK file is an archive that usually
contains the following folders:
META-INF
res
and files:AndroidManifest.xml
classes.dex
resources.arsc
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IMPLEMENTING
APPLICATION UI
Java code
Dynamic creation of UI
e.g:
AlertDialog.Builder alt_bld = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
ImageButton imgBtn = new ImageButton(this);
LinearLayout holder = new LinearLayout(this);
holder.addView(imgBtn);
alt_bld.setView(holder);
alt_bld.show()
XMLUI creation before the creation of apk
ANDROID UI XML
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ANDROID UI: XML
ANDROID UI: VIEWS
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ANDROID UI: VIEWS
An object that knows how to draw itself onthe screen
Examples;
android.widget.ListViewandroid.widget.DatePickerandroid.widget.Buttonandroid.widget.ImageViewandroid.view.LinearLayout
L t
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Lets say
Bye for now
World!!
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The End
ThankYou
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