ANDRAGOGY POWERBy: Christinia Scott
OBJECTIVES
Explore the definition of Andragogy
Review the history of Andragogy
Identify major proponents of Andragogy
Discuss Malcolm Knowles’ contribution to Andragogy
Identify the type of educators who would benefit the most
from Andragogy
ANDRAGOGY’S DEFINITION
Andragogy the art and science of helping adults learn (Knowles, 2011).
ANDRAGOGY’S HISTORY
The term 'andragog
y' was first
authored by
Alexander Kapp
(1833), a German
high school
teacher, but it lay fallow for
many decades (Henschke, 2011)
In the 1920s, another German
, Rosenst
ock-Huessy (1925)
resurrected the term
(Henschke,
2011)
Lindeman (1926) introduced the term
andragogy twice,
and explained it as a
key method
for teaching
adults (Henschke, 2011).
Malcolm
Knowles
acquired the
term in 1966 from
Dusan Savicev
ic (Hensc
hke, 2011)
MAJOR PROPONENTS OF ANDRAGOGYMalcolm Knowles Cyril Houle James MaslowJohn Henschke
Allen Tough Paulo Friere
MALCOLM KNOWLES CONTRIBUTIONS
Six Assumptions
Andragogical Process Model
Learning Contracts
KNOWLES’ SIX ASSUMPTION
Need to Know
Learner’s Self-concept
Learner’s Experience
Readiness to Learn
Orientation to Learning
Motivation to Learn
(Malcolm, 2011)
ANDRAGOGICAL PROCESS MODEL FOR LEARNING
Preparing the learner
Establishing a climate conducive to learning
Creating a mechanism for mutual planning
Formulate appropriate
learning objectives
(Malcolm, 2011)
ANDRAGOGICAL PROCESS MODEL FOR LEARNING(CONT.)
Design a pattern of learning
experiences
Conduct learning experiences with
suitable techniques
Evaluate and rediagnosis
learning needs
(Malcolm, 2011)
LEARNING CONTRACTS
Provide learners freedom to explore the subject matter according to the learners learning style
A
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All participants know the specific learning outcomes (Goodman & S, 2012)
BENEFITS OF A LEARNING CONTRACT
Students learned a lot with the
learning contract and, the process was motivating
(Litchfield, Mata, & Gray, 2007)
“A learning contract pays off
in enthusiasm and graduation
rates” (Goodman & S, 2012)
Learner discovers how
they learn best
(Mohammed, 2010)
Learners analyze their
learning process
(Mohammed, 2010)
EDUCATORS WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM ANDRAGOGY
Human Resource Development Specialist( Knowles, 1985)
Vocational Instructors/Trainers
Spiritual Educators (Sipe, 2001)
Line Supevisors and Managers (Knowles, 1985)
College Professors
ANY QUESTIONS?
REFRENCES
Bell, C., R, & Friends, a. (1989). Malcolm. Training and Development, 38-43. Goodman, P., & S. (2012, Jan). Shared Expectations. ASEE Prism, pp. 56-56. Henschke, J. A. (2011). Considerations Regarding the Future of Andragogy.
Adult Learning, 34-37. Knowles, M. (1985). Shifting to an HRD Systems Approach. Training and
Development Journal, 24-25. Litchfield, B., Mata, J., & Gray, L. (2007). Engaging General Biology
Students with Learning Contracts. Journal of College Science Teaching, 34-39.
Mohammed, M. R. (2010). Don't Give Me a Fish; Teach Me How to Fish. Adult Learning, 15-18.
Sipe, E. (2001). Adult education in the congregation: an andragogical approach. Lutheran Education, pp. 87-94.
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