Ancient Rome
Bellringer• Complete Geography Packet from last class
Agenda• Bellringer• Van diagram (may use book)• Founding of Rome Reading• Myth walk around
Objective • Describe Rome mythology and the early
influences on Roman Culture
Project introduction• Creating a Timeline and mini project – Timeline in a group – Mini project separate– Partners will be assigned• Summaries will be kept in your folders
• Timeline due day of Test. • Mini project due 3 class blocks later
Bellringer• Complete the map on the front of packet
Agenda• Bellringer• Project explanation• Notes• Newspaper article
Quick Reminder• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wA1D9wd
29jI&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Beginnings of Rome• According to legend
the city was found by twin Brothers– Romulus and Remus
• Sons of Mars and a Latin princess
Early Settlers• Latins
– Farmers and shepherds who wondered into Italy
– Built Rome
• Greeks– Established colonies along the coast.– Brought Greek culture to the Italian
peninsula
• Etruscans– Native to northern Italy– Skilled metalworkers and engineers
Before the Republic• An Etruscan King ruled
Rome
• Last King of Rome was a tyrant– Roman aristocrats
overthrew him.
• Established a Republic
Vocabulary Word• Republic– Power rest with citizens who have the right to vote
to select their leaders
Patricians and Plebeians• Only free-born males could be citizens• Two group emerge– Patricians– Plebeians
Petricians Aristocratic landowners who
held most of the power
• Believed their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws
Plebeians common farmers, artisans and
merchants. Made up most of the population
• Were citizens of Rome
• Barred from holding most important government positions by law
Twelve tables• Plebeians forced the
creation of a written law code
• Laws carved on twelve tables
• Established the idea that all free citizens had the right to the protection of law
Government under the Republic
• Balanced the best ideas of government into one form– Monarchy– Aristocracy – Democracy
Consuls• Instead of Kings Rome had 2 Consuls – Commanded the army and directed the
government– Limited power-1yr terms. No more than 10 terms
Senate• Legislative and administration function• Membership for life• At first limited to the upper class
Assemblies• Democratic side of government• All citizens• Appointed consuls and made laws• Less power than the senate
Dictator• Only in times of crisis• Absolute power• Power lasted for six months• Chosen by consuls. Appointed by the senate
Citizenship• All citizens who
owned land were required to serve in the army
• Citizens paid taxes
Bellringer • Pull out vocabulary from last class and finish
• Turn in Newspaper article
Agenda• Bellringer-Finish vocabulary • Plebeians and Patricians • Notes on Punic Wars • Project Summaries in groups
THE RISE AND FALL OF THEROMAN REPUBLIC
Roman Influences Expand• The Republic in the 4th
Century B.C. begins to expand it’s power.
• Takes control of the Italian peninsula– Defeated the Etruscans
and the Greek city states
Conquered Groups • Conquered people became allies of Rome• Had to send men to the Roman military • Could not become allied with anyone else
The Punic Wars
Background to the Punic Wars
• Rome located in a good location for trade with the Mediterranean sea
• Carthage was another dominate trading center
The Punic Wars• Fought each other to gain control • Made up of 3 wars
1st Punic War• Rome and Carthage fought for control of Sicily • Rome Won
2nd Punic War• Carthegian general
Hannibal led his forces over the Alps into Italy from Africa
• Romans prevent Hannibal from invading Rome.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEomBXM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
3rd Punic War • Roman general Scipio attacked Carthage• Forced Hannibal back to Carthage• Roman forces destroyed the city of Carthage
Results• Rome Controlled the Mediterranean Sea• Rome expanded it’s territory • Controlled Macedonia, Greece and Anatolia
Bellringer•Get ready to take vocabulary quiz!
Agenda• Quiz• Review of Unit so far • Notes• Activity • Working on Projects
Causes and Decline of the
Roman Republic
Rome after the Punic Wars• Large gap between rich and poor• Small Farms could not complete with large
estates ran by wealthy landowners• Estates worked by slaves
Civil War• Many soldiers and farmers became jobless• Unemployed went to cities for work• Tensions led to civil war• Powerful generals recruited soldiers by
promising land.
Julius Caesar• Julius Caesar a strong and successful general • Joined forces with
– Crassus-wealthy roman
– Pompey-popular general
First Triumvirate• Elected Consul
• With Crassus and Pompey , Julius Caesar dominated Rome as a Triumvirate
• Group of three rulers
Julius Caesar• After being a Consul Julius Caesar was
appointed governor of Gaul (France)• Conquered all of Gaul – Success in Gaul won him popularity in Rome
Julius Caesar• Pompey became his
political rival after conquering Gaul– Ordered Caesar to return
home• Defied the Senate’s order– Caesar took his army to
Italy
Julius Caesar• Caesar marched towards
Rome – Pompley Fled– Caesar defeated Pompley
armies in Greece, Asia, Spain and Egypt
• Returned to Rome in 46B.C. and named Dictator for life
Julius Caesar • Pushed through new
reforms
• Nobles became unhappy with his power– Thought he was a tyrant
• In 44 B.C. stabbed to Death in the Senate
After Caesar’s Death• Civil War broke out• Three of Caesar supporters banded together
– Augustus-Caesar’s nephew/adopted son
– Mark Anthony- general
• Lepidus-wealthy politician
Second Triumvirate• Augustus, Mark
Anthony and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate
• Ended in Jealousy and violence
Second Triumvirate• Augustus forced Lepidus to retire• Augustus and Mark Anthony became rivals• Mark Anthony fell in love with Queen Cleopatra– Moved to Egypt
• Augustus defeated Mary Anthony in a Naval Battle
Augustus Caesar becomes Emperor
• From the beginning of Augustus rule, Rome experienced peace and prosperity– Called the Pax Romoma– Lasted for 207 years
PAX ROMANA
Economic impact
• Creation of a common coinage-Denarius– Helped when trading with different parts of the
Empire• Roads connecting the empire together– Guaranteed safe travel
Political Impact• Augustus sets up a civil service– Paid workers to manage the Government• Tax collectors , postal system
• Augustus system proved stable through ever changing emperors
Social Impact • Increased emphasis on the Family– Eldest man ruled the household
• Social Classes– Big difference between rich and poor
THE EMPIRE
Expansion of the Roman Empire
• 2nd century A.D. the Empire reached from Spain to Mesopotamia to north Africa to Britain
Roman Army • Army took men from each province– Not all roman citizens– Learned Roman customs– Became citizens after serving in army
Succession of Emperors• No written law on selection of new emperors– Rome in the Brick of civil war almost every time an
emperor died• Eventually the dying Emperor would name his
successor
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