COMPLETE THE KWL AND ANTICIPATION GUIDE ANTICIPATION GUIDE What
do you already know about Ancient Mayan Civilization? What do you
want to know about Ancient Mayan Civilization? What do you want to
learn about Ancient Mayan Civilization?
http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos/mayan-
encounter?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
http://www.history.com/topics/maya/videos/mayan-
encounter?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99foDilswZA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99foDilswZA
Slide 3
MAP Mapping Reminders: Colour all in one direction Ensure to
label everything horizontally with a ruler Fine line all labels
Include a compass rose Spelling Counts A DOT (.) should be used
when labeling cities, placing the name of the city as close as
possible Double check the criteria sheet to ensure you have all
cities, towns and capitals labeled properly
Slide 4
MAP WHAT TO LABELWHAT TO LABEL Mexico Yucatan Peninsula Belize
Guatemala Honduras El Salvador Gulf of Mexico Pacific Ocean
Slide 5
JOURNAL CLUES Read through the Journal Clues to Track The
Expeditions.Journal Clues Order the First and Second Expedition
Trace out the two routes on the map provided using two different
colours Complete the three regions, central, northern and southern
jigsaw activity. Answer the questions in complete sentences on a
separate sheet of paper.centralnorthernquestions Which region(s)
did the Mayan Civilization flourish? The Mayan Civilization
flourished in the Central and Northern regions.
Slide 6
SOUTHERN REGION Area - highly mountainous, many of which are
volcanoes - soil is volcanic origin and is quite fertile - the land
contains many plants and animals - towns are found in the valleys
of mountains and plateaus - Guatemalan highlands and adjacent parts
of El Salvador - rainfall is adequate and the temperature is
neither extremely hot nor cold.
Slide 7
SOUTHERN REGION - Clothing Wears cotton fabric (nothing to
thick/thin because of the temperature) Decorated cloths with
feathers from the Quetzal birds Made from animal skin and tree bark
Obsidian for knives and spears Iron pyrites for mirrors Hematite
for red paint Gold and possibly copper accessories Food Ancient
Mayan crops include maize, beans, squash, sweet potatoes and the
cocoa beans Shelter Volcanic stone for temples, temples were made
of stone and had thatched or wooden roofs Houses were not as large
as houses in the north
Slide 8
CENTRAL REGION Area Central Mexico Comprised of low laying
limestone Intersected with rivers and dotted with lakes and ponds
(Now they are called swampy areas) Rainfall is very high (10
feet/year) drier season from January to May. They have forests of
trees that are 150 feet tall The main animals of this area include
birds, insects, lizards, a few jaguars, deer, peccary, wild pigs,
monkeys, turkeys and macaws
Slide 9
CENTRAL REGION Clothing Have lots of clothing like ponchos and
scarfs If it was really hot, they walked around naked. They had
clothes made from jaguars, cougars, deer, monkeys and sloths Food
The sapodilla (product of chewing gum from rubber trees) was widely
used They ate insects, birds, lizards, wild pig, bananas, and deer.
Shelter They live in forested areas. Trees are as high as 150ft.
Some lived on farms with barns made from the wood of rubber trees.
Some houses were made out of brick.
Slide 10
NORTHERN REGION Area Comprised mostly of the Yucatan Peninsula
Air is clear and dry much less rain then other regions Almost no
rivers existed because earth was made of limestone Cotton was
widely exported Natural wells were the only source of water
(underground rivers) Vegetation is more shrub like Huge
population
Slide 11
NORTHERN REGION - Clothing Cotton was an important crop and
most clothes were made from it they dress lightly due to the hot
climate Jaguars were found in this region, but many other animals
are not they used jaguar skins to elaborate their clothing Food
Only crop that really grew was well was cotton. Lack of animals and
vegetation meant lack of food Shelter Houses were build from trees
and stones the trees they imported from other areas. Most of the
houses would be made mostly from limestone.
Slide 12
DIARY ENTRY #1 Considering what you learned about the regions
we will visit, what are you going to pack and why? You must
include: Clothing items Four items for survival Your thoughts about
the upcoming journey What area you want to visit the most and
why
Slide 13
DAILY LIFE Read The Mayas and answer the questions in full,
detailed sentences. An example answer would be:The Mayas 1. What
geographical features did the Mayan lands include? The geographical
features that the Mayan lands included were very varied. The
Northern Lowlands were flat and had very little water. The Volcanic
Highlands and the Southern Lowlands were Rainforests.
Slide 14
DAILY LIFE INFERRING PICTURE Take a look at the following
photos. With your groups discuss what activities you see taking
place. What items, animals, activities look familiar to you, which
ones are you unsure of.
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
DAILY LIFE INFERRING PICTURE Now that you have seen and
discussed a few daily life photos, you will need to answer the
following questions in complete sentences. 1. Based on the
pictures, would you say Mayan people were active or inactive,
explain. 2. Describe at least 6 activities you see people doing. 3.
Find at least 7 resources that Maya are using. An example of the
would be wood used for making spears. 4. List all of the animals
and birds you can name. 5. Describe two adaptations that you can
see which would have helped the Maya to have more free time
Slide 19
DAILY LIFE BASIC INTRODUCTION Ordinary ancient Maya did not
live in the sprawling stone structures built for priests and kings.
Most Maya lived in small villages in simple communal houses. Houses
had mud walls and thatched roofs made of palm leaves or grasses.
Parents, children and grandchildren all lived in the same house.
Every family kept a kitchen garden in which vegetables and fruit
were raised. Corn, beans, squash, and chile peppers were grown as
well as papaya and avocado. Cotton and cacao were grown as cash
crops cotton in the Yucatan and cacao in Guatemala and other moist
areas. The few clay griddles found were used for roasting cacao.
Simple peasant cuisine consisted of tamales, a cornmeal gruel
seasoned with chile pepper, and a mixture of water and sourdough
transported in gourds to be eaten while working in fields. Men and
boys farmed clearing, weeding and planting. Women and girls
maintained the home making clothes, preparing meals, looking after
the younger children, and fetching firewood and water. Children did
not go to school but learned important skills by watching and
helping adults.
Slide 20
DAILY LIFE - AGRICULTURE What crops do you think are important
to the Mayans? Our Creation Story teaches us that the first
Grandparents of our people were made from white and yellow corn.
Maize is sacred to us because it connects us with our ancestors. It
feeds our spirit as well as our bodies. Juana Batz Puac, Kiche
Maya, Day Keeper Day Keeper According to Mayan beliefs, the gods
created the earth, sculpting the landscape, planting plants, and
creating all kinds of living creatures. Then they decided to make
human beings for the sole purpose of hearing praise. First, they
tried to make humans out of mud, but it rained and the people
melted. Then the gods carved humans out of wood, but the floods
came and drowned some of them. The survivors of the flood became
monkeys. In a final effort, the gods decided to make humans out of
corn. These corn people were the ancestors of the Mayas. Mayan
creation myth from the Popul Vuh
Slide 21
DAILY LIFE - AGRICULTURE For Mexicans, maize is not a crop but
a deep cultural symbol intrinsic to daily life. Corn was
domesticated from a grass called teosinte by the peoples of Meso-
America approximately 10,000 years ago. Often referred to as
humanitys greatest agronomic achievement, maize is now grown all
over the world. The yellow corn commonly found in the United States
pales in comparison to the shapes, sizes, and colors of the
traditional maize varieties cultivated by the indigenous peoples of
Mexico. The ears of corn may range from a couple of inches to a
foot long, in colors that include white, red, yellow, blue, and
black. Some varieties even have an assortment of colors on one ear.
Corn is inextricably tied to the lives of the peasants and
indigenous peoples of Mexico. As the basic grain, it shapes daily
meals, and its growing cycle influences the timing of festivals.
The image and shape of maize is a ubiquitous component of
architecture and crafts. Spiritually, physically, and economically,
corn sustains indigenous peoples. In the words of one woman, Corn
is so important because it allows us to live at peace. Its our form
of food security. Corn is linked to survival: During rough economic
times or in the face of natural disasters, families will produce
more maize to feed themselves. A Tzotzil Maya elder recounts,
During the past five centuries, while our people have withstood
sufferingenormous sufferingsour corn has allowed us to
survive.
Slide 22
DAILY LIFE AGRICULTURE Read Agriculture and answer questions in
detail.Agriculture Read Chocolate at Every Meal! As a class we will
try to make Maya Hot Chocolate in a crockpot! Will you be brave
enough to try it?
Slide 23
DAILY LIFE - BEAUTY Slightly crossed eyes were held in great
esteem, writes Yale anthropologist Michael Coe in his book The
Maya. Parents attempted to induce the condition by handing small
beads over the noses of their children. The Mayas also seemed to go
in for shaping their childrens skulls: they liked to flatten them
(Although this may have simply been the inadvertent result of
strapping babies to cradle boards) or squeeze them into a cone.
Some Mayanist speculate that the cone head effect was the result of
trying to approximate the shape of an ear of corn. The Maya filed
their teeth, sometimes into a T shape and sometimes to a point.
They also inlaid their teeth with small, round plaques of jade or
pyrite. According to Coe, young men painted themselves black until
marriage and alter engaged in ritual tattooing and scarring. Beauty
was a way to display social, if not moral, value among the Maya.
The wealth they invested and pain they endured to create bodies
that reflected their social beliefs make our modern-day obsession
with beauty seem less excessive. Like us, the Maya indulged in
self-deception about appearance, preferring to let artistic
depictions conform to their ideals rather than reality. Although
hearty and robust for an old man of 80, Pakal's depiction never
aged; he remained a youthful Maize God, just on the cusp of
maturity. The Maya saw what the Maya wanted to see when they looked
into their pyrite mirrors: green and blue jewels, perhaps a few
daubs of red paint, and the youthful vigor of agricultural
fertility. From Time August 9 th, 1993 p. 48 Secrets of the
Maya
Slide 24
Slide 25
DAILY LIFE - CLOTHING Not a lot known about how the Maya
dressed in ancient times, and what is known mostly is information
on people understood to have been elites. This is because of the
environment in which the ancient Maya lived -- like the codices,
the clothing, has rotted away. Instead, archaeologists try to
interpret the fashion sense of the ancient Maya via art mediums
such as ceramic ware, carvings, ceramic figurines and murals as
well as the 1500s records by Spanish colonists. As it is currently
understood, the ancient Maya had different ideas about clothes than
people do today. For one thing, they never made clothes so they fit
close to the body of their own accord. Clothes tended to be held in
place by being knotted or were held in place by belts made of
cloth. It has been discovered that the ancient Maya used bark
cloth, hemp fiber and cotton as materials for their clothing. It is
thought that bark cloth was a material for ritual clothing. Beyond
the materials themselves, the ancient Maya would dye their
clothing, via plant and animal sourced dyes. Examples of colors
available to the ancient Maya dyers include green, purple, black,
blue and various sources of red.
Slide 26
DAILY LIFE - CLOTHING Men Men wore different fashions of
turban-like headdresses. They also seem to have worn other kinds of
headdresses, that were complicated structures made from various
materials such as feathers, gems and animal hides. Menswear
included a kind of breech-clout that was, approximately 5 fingers
wide and 10 feet long This breech-clout was wrapped around the
waist repeatedly before being passed between the legs. For the
upper classes, they were commonly decorated with featherwork on the
ends. Lower class men wore undecorated loincloths. Seemingly not as
common as the breech-clout, some depictions of men show them also
wearing a pati. A pati is a big, square-shaped piece of cloth that
is -- like the breech-clout -- decorated in relation to the class
of the wearer. The pati was tied around the wearer's shoulders. The
pati was thought to be used for both day wear and sleeping. Women
Women tended to wear either a complicated hairstyle that involved
intertwining the hair with cloth, or -- like men -- wore
turban-like headdresses. However, women's head wear fashions seem
to have been less diverse than men's head wear fashions. Women
would wear a skirt and/or a sleeveless, poncho-like tunic (huipil)
or a dress. Maya skirts were either tied with a belt or was knotted
in place with the tunic worn over the skirt. Elite women's skirts,
as with other clothing, were more decorated than skirts of the
lower classes -- they would have decorative fringes and knots.
Slide 27
Slide 28
DAILY LIFE CLOTHING Footwear The ancient Maya wore sandals.
Ancient Maya sandal straps had two thongs. One thong went in the
space between the first and second toe while the second went
between the third and fourth toe. As with other aspects of ancient
Maya society, it seems that elaboration and material usage depended
on where a person ranked in society. Men who were not upper class
wore deer-hide sandals that were untanned, with hemp cord for
straps. For elites however, it seems they had much more complicated
sandals. Decorations for sandals also existed. Depictions of
sandals exist with such embellishments as pompoms, or jaguar skin.
It was thought that women often walked around barefoot. Activity: -
Label the Mayan Clothing
Slide 29
DAILY LIFE BEAUTY CLASS DISCUSSION 1. What do we do in our
society to make ourselves more attractive? 2. Are any of these
practices painful? 3. Can you think of any practices that are
dangerous? 4. Can you think of what people in other societies do to
make themselves more attractive? 5. What is beauty and who
determines it?
Slide 30
DAILY LIFE Compare Daily Life in Ancient Maya with your daily
life using a venn diagram. We are looking for a minimum of 5 points
on each side and 2 in the middle. Be specific, details count!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVMt-_11CFI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVMt-_11CFI
Slide 31
DAIRY 2 DAILY LIFE If you were to travel back in time and live
among the Ancient Mayan as a commoner, describe your typical day.
Include when you woke up, what you wear, who you talked to, what
you ate, activities you did during the day, etc.
Slide 32
SOCIAL STRUCTURE Read a complex social structure. Complete
Mayan Social Structure Pyramid.
Slide 33
SOCIAL STRUCTURE - ASSIGNMENT Using the paper provided, in each
section, record and describe who belongs in each social level.
Highest ranking people should be at the top of the pyramid. Ensure
that both outside and inside words are bold or finelined Include
drawings or clip are for each level. These can be pasted outside
the pyramid and connected with a straight, ruler drawn, line.
Slide 34
ARCHITECTURE Read pyramids of the Maya Part 1 and 11. Answer
questions in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. Read
Mayan Cities and answer questions on a separate sheet of
paper.
Slide 35
WRITING Read Mayan Writing and answer questions in a complete
sentence on a separate sheet of paper. Write your own name in
glyphs activity hieroglyphic staircase in Copan.
Slide 36
MATH The math of the Mayas was build on a base 20 system. The
base 20 system was also used on calendars. Mayan numerals consisted
of dots (valued at 1), bars (valued at 5), and a symbol looking
like a shell (valued at 0). The Mayas were the first known
civilization to use a symbol for zero. Smaller numbers were written
horizontally, while larger numbers were written vertically. For
each position going up, the column represented a multiplication by
20. We currently use a base 10 system for math. Base 10 System 23 =
(2 x 10 + 3) Base 20 System = (1 x 20) = ( 3 x 1)
Slide 37
MATH Complete the Mayan Math Problems Create 5 of your own
problems to share and have a peer solve next block.
Slide 38
CALENDAR The Mayas used three main types of calendars. One type
of calendar, the Long Count, was used for historical purposes and
began its date with 3114 BC. Another calendar, the Haab which was
also called the Vague Year was used for planning crops. This solar
calendar of 365 days was divided into 18 months. Because each month
had 20 days, there were five remaining days that the Mayas
considered unlucky. Another calendar, the Tzolkin, chronicled the
sacred year and was primarily used for religious purposes and
naming children. This 260-day calendar was divided into 13 cycles
of 20 days. Each of the 20 days had its own name and was
represented by a unique symbol. The Mayas usually determined the
date by combining the Tzolkin and the Haab calendars. Create your
own Mayan Sacred Calendar.
Slide 39
GODS Read Many Gods and Life After Death Read Mayan Religion
http://brbell.blogs.sd73.bc.ca/files/2011/04/Mayan-
Religion-Worksheet.pdfhttp://brbell.blogs.sd73.bc.ca/files/2011/04/Mayan-
Religion-Worksheet.pdf Complete Mayan God Scavenger Hunt Complete
Questions in full sentence answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Create your own God.
Slide 40
GODS Scan copies of student work
Slide 41
PASS TIME Read Arts and Crafts Read Ball Games
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmcnZ5lP9tg&list=PLug1dafi-
Y49t2SqhOIALW5sJqxiA-SMo&index=3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmcnZ5lP9tg&list=PLug1dafi-
Y49t2SqhOIALW5sJqxiA-SMo&index=3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzFziF9IJkw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzFziF9IJkw