AN INTRODUCTION TO
SOLAR PV & CASE STUDIES FROM
CUMBRIA (& elsewhere!)
A presentation to Barrow Renewables Workshop
11 June 2008
by Andy Mason, Projects Development Manager
Sundog Energy Ltd
Clean energy solutionsfor a brighter future
Designers and Installers of:
>> Photovoltaics (PV)
>> Small Wind Turbines
throughout the UK!
Clean energy solutionsfor a brighter future
• Govt Accredited
• Framework Supplier
• Established since1995
• Over 500 installations
• Public Sector Specialists
The Sundog Pedigree
Martin Cotterell:- Founder, owner and MD
Started Sundog Energy in 1995
Major author of several DTI and Energy Savings Trust guides to
standards of installation for solar PV and wind turbines
Represents the UK on the IEC committee for international standards
on solar PV
Serves on several industry committees and advisory bodies re.
standards within the industry (e.g. REAL)
A small selection of our clients....
• Blackpool Town Council
• Bryant Homes
• CDS Housing (Liverpool)
• Cheshire County Council
• Countryside properties
• Hull City Council
• Lancashire Education Partnership
• Lambeth Borough Council
• Leicester Housing Association
• Leicester City Council
• Lincolnshire Rural Housing
Association
• London & Quadrant Housing
• London Fire Brigade
• London Transport Museum
(Covent Garden)
• Manchester City Council
• Miller Homes
• Persimmon Homes
• Progress Housing Association
• South Ayrshire Council
• Stocksbridge Future Partnership
• Stroud Co-Housing
• Wrexham Borough Council
• Taylor Wimpey
..and here in Cumbria...
Already completed....
• Rural Enterprise Centre, Penrith
• Keswick School
• Grayrigg Coronation Hall
• Arnside Educational Institute
• Cross Canonby Village Hall
• Netherhall School, Maryport
• Co-op Retail Society, Penrith
• Cockermouth Eco-Centre
• Kendal Sandgate School
And on order (or close) ....
• Askam Primary School• Queen Katherines’s School,
Kendal• Lowick Village Hall
• PV Basics
• Types of PV system
• What to use where
• How to specify
• Costs – and Benefits
• Pros & Cons
• Problems & Solutions
• Grants
TOPICS FOR TODAYS TALK
First things first…
“A Solar PV system is NOT a
thermal or hot water system”
A “PV” System
What’s involved….?• Solar Cells
• ..in Solar Modules (Panels)
• ..forming a Solar Array
• ..connected in series
• ..generating Direct Current
• .. along cables to….
• ..an Inverter - DC to AC
• Switches & meters
• Connected to the mains (usually!)
Typical domestic PV system
ACisolator
Main isolator(double pole)
securable in off position only
DISPLAY UNIT
00123 kW0123 kWh0123 CO2
data
Main Consumer Unit
DNO supply
utility meter
0123 kWh
Generation meter
0123 kWh
0 I
PV array.Series connected
Single string
DC disconnect
Inverter 0 I
Installation on roof
Installation in loft
Existing house AC installation
New AC installation
Example domestic system
- Single inverter- Single PV string- Connected into dedicated protective device in existing consumer unit
LABEL
LABEL
LABEL
LABEL + SCHEMATIC
LABEL LABEL
Typical commercial PV system
Installation on roof Installation in plant room
Example larger system
- Two PV strings for each inverter- Three inverters (split across three-phase supply)- Connected via G59/1 relay protection to 3 phase MCB in main distribution unit
N EL1
PV distribution board
L2 L3
Feed to 3 pole MCB in main distribution board
Main isolator(4 pole)
securable inoff position only
kWh
4 pole contactor
G59 relay
protection
sense AC Supply
data
Remote display unit Installation in main plant room
AC Supply
Existing installation
0 I
LABEL
DISPLAY UNIT
00123 kW0123 kWh0123 CO2
LABEL + SCHEMATIC
ACisolator
DC disconnect
0 IInverter
LABEL
LABELLABEL LABEL
ACisolator
DC disconnect
0 IInverter
LABEL
LABELLABEL LABEL
ACisolator
DC disconnect
0 IInverter
LABEL
LABELLABEL LABEL
LABEL + SCHEMATIC
A Typical small inverter
Different PV Systems
• Above Roof (“On-Top”) Flat or Pitched
• In Roof (Semi Integrated)
• In Roof (Integrated – “Tiles”)
• Facades
• PV Glazing (Powerglaz or “Glass-Glass)
• Ground Mounted
• Tracking Systems
• On-Grid or Off-Grid
PHOTOVOLTAICS
“ON TOP” SYSTEMS
Arnside Educational Institute
BARLEY VILLAGE HALL (Burnley)– a typical “On Top” pitched roof system
Mounting options: flat roof
Products such as the ConSole
are ideal for mounting PV arrays
on a flat roof
• No roof penetrations are
required to secure to the roof (held
by ballast placed inside unit).
• Easy to install and quick to
remove for any subsequent roof
work repairs.
• Roof must be strong enough to
withstand additional weight loading
Bolton – Queensbridge School
Project type – Newbuild
Size – 20.4kWp
PV array – BP Solar (BP7175)
Client – Bolton Council
Notes :
• PV fitted to standing seam roof
• Display meter – designed by school
children
Issues:
• Delay due to (old) grant process
Typical “Above Roof “ installation on social housing – Troon, Ayrshire
Solar PV – “On Top” Summary
Pros:
• Uses “standard” modules
• Cheapest PV
Cons:
•Aesthetics – Planning Issues
•Roof Penetration issues
•Wind Loadings – not if properly installed !
Solar PV – Tile Systems
PV “Tile” Systems
Redland Systems:
• PV800 – retains tile coursing
• PV80 – larger panels – flat “Velux”
Redland solar roofing systems from Lafarge
PV 800
PV 800
PV 80
Spring Gardens, Lancs. 22 houses, 24.64kWp
For New Progress Housing
Redland PV800
Solar PV – Tile Systems
PV800 - Eco Houses Cliburn, Penrith 2.8kWp each
Manchester – Baytree Estate
Project type – Renovation scheme
Size – 60 Houses, each with a
1kWp array
PV array - Redland PV800 PV tiles
Client – Manchester City Council
Notes :
Site roofers trained to install PV
tiles
Project duration – 6 months
Issues:
Access difficulties slowed
installation
Complex array shapes needed to
avoid shade & obstructions
Newcastle Great
Park 10 houses, 14kWp
For Bryant Homes
and
Persimmon
Homes.
Redland PV800
Redland PV80
Roof tile system
PV80 INSTALLATION: 42 x SRT80 tiles (3.36kWp) - Keswick School
Roof Integrated – PV80
PV80 on Pantile Roof
Walsingham Church, Norfolk 10.56 kWp
Solar PV – Tile Systems Summary
Pros:
•Aesthetic (Planning friendly)
•Can be fitted by roofer
during the build
•Ideal on New Build
•Weatherproof guarantee
Cons:
•More expensive
•Tricky on Retro Fit
•Some systems only fit
with certain tiles
PHOTOVOLTAICS
- PV GLAZING SYSTEMS
PV glazing systems
• Can replace glass in any part of a building
• Bespoke modules – full control over design
• Creates systems with high visual impact
• Most expensive option
Blackpool – Solarium
Project type – Renovation
Size – 17kWp PV / 12kW Wind
PV array – Bespoke glass-glass
Client – Blackpool Borough Council
Notes :
• Double glazed modules
• Cell spacing optimised for balance of daylight and shading
Issues:
• Relatively low pitch – requires cleaning regime due to salt spray
Harrowside
Solarium
Blackpool
Glass – Glass PV
For Blackpool
Borough Council
Powerglaz PV Glazing
PV Glazing: Lockerbie School
SPECIFYINGPHOTOVOLTAICS
Two key questions ...
>> How much do I need?
>> Where can I put it?
Specifying PV - Sizing
SPECIFY:
• By OUTPUT:– “Optimally Oriented”
Each kWp generates 750 - 900 kWh p.a.
• By AREA available (8.5 m2 = 1kWp)
– so for 5kWp you need 43 sq.m.
• By BUDGET !!A “typical” 3 bed family house uses 3,500 – 4,000 kWh p.a.
“background” electricity – so 1kWp can provide roughly
20% of the need – or alternatively you need a 5kWp
system.
PV systems are “sized” in kWp (kilowatt peak) – i.e a
1 kWp system will generate 1kW under “peak” conditions
Some “Typical” Sizes & Costs
• “Minimum” for a single house: 0.8kWp ( £5 -10K)
• “Larger house: 2.5kWp ( £13 - 20K)
• “Primary School: 3.3kWp ( £15 - 25K)
• Secondary School: 10kWp (£42 – 60K)
• Large Community Centre/Office: 20kWp
Specifying by Carbon Saved
Each kW hr generated saves either
0.43 (BRE) or 0.568 kg CO2 (Part L)
E.g. a 3 kWp system “optimally oriented” would save
3 x 750 x 0.43 = 968 kg (nearly 1 Tonne) per year (BRE)
Or under Part L
3 x 750 x 0.568 = 1,278 kg (nearly 1.3 Tonne) per year
Or on the South Coast !
3 x 900 x 0.568 = 1,534 kg (nearly 1.3 Tonne) per year
Specifying PV - Orientation
Vert. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Horiz.
WEST 56 63 69 74 78 82 86 87 89 90
255° 60 68 74 79 84 86 89 90 91 90
240° 64 72 78 84 88 90 93 93 92 90
SW 67 75 82 87 92 95 96 96 94 90
210° 69 77 85 90 95 97 98 97 95 90
195° 71 79 86 91 96 99 99 98 95 90
SOUTH 71 80 87 93 97 100 100 98 96 90
165° 71 80 87 93 97 99 100 98 95 90
150° 71 79 86 92 96 98 98 97 95 90
SE 69 77 84 89 93 96 96 96 94 90
120° 65 74 80 86 89 92 94 94 93 90
105° 62 69 76 81 85 88 90 91 91 90
EAST 58 65 70 76 80 84 86 88 90 90
Specifying PV - Shade
• Cells & Modules in Series
• Part shade affects total array
• Guide – 8 hours shade free (main summer)
• 100% “shade free” for 70% of the time is much
better than 70% “shade free” 100% of the time!
Solar PV – Grid Connection
• Can be “Off Grid” but preferably on grid wherever possible
• Matching output with demand – nominal rather than actual
• Selling Your Surplus – “Exporting” Electricity
• Selling your ROC’s (Renewable Obligation Certificates)
Specifying Solar PV – a
Summary
• Identify the Need
• Determine the Output
• Identify the Location
• Check Orientation & Pitch
• Check Space Required
• Check Shade Issues
• Select the System
- Planning
- Roof Type
SO WHY FIT PV? :
Two Basic Reasons ...
1. Compliance
2. Market Pull
COMPLIANCE
• Building Regs (Part L)
• Merton Rules
• Code for Sustainable Homes
• Energy Certificates
Solar PV – Benefits
• Adaptable / Flexible
• Min. Maintenance
• Long Lifetime – 25
years “guarantee”
• High Carbon Saving –Electricity !!!
• What it Says About You !!• Exemplars – Community
Motivation
• “Fixes” price at 2008!!• Exporting Energy – above
purchase prices!• ROC’s – 4.5p per unit
now.. but the future???
• Education benefits
Key Applications
• Schools
• Social Housing
• Public Amenities
• Community Halls
• Waste Facilities
GRANTS
WWW.LOWCARBONBUILDINGS.ORG.UK
• Domestic – limit £2,500
• Business – Sorry – Nothing Available!!
• Public & Charitable – Phase 2 – up to 50%
• CSEP – Community Sustainability also to 50%
providing renewable energy
systems since 1995
Over 12 years experience from
hundreds of wind and solar
installations
Thank You
Any Questions?
www.sundog-energy.co.uk
Tel. 017684 82282
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