An Introduction to Social Network Analysis
OBJECTIVES:
• An introduction to the social network analysis perspective and some key social network concepts.
• An introduction to two social network software programs: UCINET (for network analysis) and KrackPlot (for drawing network graphs).
SOCIAL NETWORK CONCEPTS:
• points/nodes• lines/ties
• ego nets versus whole nets• valued/non-valued• positive/negative• graphs/matrices
• square versus rectangular matrices(adjacency versus incidence matrices)
• tie strength• density
• centrality(point centrality versus graph centrality)
(degree/betweeness/closeness)
A Matrix:
A B C DA 0 1 1 0B 1 0 1 0C 1 1 0 1D 0 0 1 0
A Graph:
AB
C
D
A Social Network
socnet01
A
B
C
D
E
FG
A
B
C
D E
F
G
A B C D E F GA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1C 0 0 0 0 0 0 1D 0 0 0 0 0 0 1E 0 0 0 0 0 0 1F 0 0 0 0 0 0 1G 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
A B C D E F GA 0 1 0 0 0 0 1B 1 0 1 0 0 0 0C 0 1 0 1 0 0 0D 0 0 1 0 1 0 0E 0 0 0 1 0 1 0F 0 0 0 0 1 0 1G 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
SOCNET02 SOCNET03
CENTRALITY
DENSITY
D = ______2tN(N-1)
To calculate density in percentage terms: D x 100
SOCNET04 SOCNET05
D = ____2(5)
6(6-1)= __10
30= .33 D = ____2(10)
6(6-1)= __20
30= .67
A
B
C D
E
F
A
B
C D
E
F
SOCNET04 SOCNET05
A B C D E FA 0 0 0 0 0 1B 0 0 0 0 0 1C 0 0 0 1 0 1D 0 0 1 0 1 0E 0 0 0 1 0 0F 1 1 1 0 0 0
A B C D E FA 0 1 0 0 1 1B 1 0 1 0 0 1C 0 1 0 1 0 1D 0 0 1 0 1 1E 1 0 0 1 0 1F 1 1 1 1 1 0
Another Look at Centrality: Degree, Betweenness, and Closeness
a
b
c
d
e
SOCNET06
A B C D EA 0 1 0 0 0B 1 0 1 1 0C 0 1 0 1 0D 0 1 1 0 1E 0 0 0 1 0
Some Useful References on Social Network Methods and Perspectives
Berkowitz, S.D. 1982. An Introduction to Structural Analysis: The Network Approach to Social Research. Toronto: Butterworths.
Burt, Ronald. 1980. "Models of Network Structure." Annual Review of Sociology 6:79_141.
Erickson, Bonnie, T.A. Nosanchuk, and Edward Lee. 1981. "Network Sampling in Practice: Some Second Steps." Social Networks, 3:127_36.
Erickson, Bonnie, and T.A. Nosanchuk 1983. "Applied Network Sampling." Social Networks, 5(4):367_382.
Freeman, Linton C. 1978/79. “Centrality in Social Networks: Conceptual Clarification.” Social Networks 1:215-239.
Freeman, Linton C., Douglas R. White, and A. Kimball Romney (Eds.). 1989. Research Methods in Social Network Analysis. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Press.
Granovetter, Mark. 1977. “Network Sampling. Some First Steps.” American Journal of Sociology, 81:1287-1303.
Knoke, David and James H. Kuklinski. 1982. Network Analysis. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Kontopoulos, Kyriankos. 1993. The Logics of Social Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marsden, Peter. 1990. "Network Data and Measurement." Annual Review of Sociology 16:435_63.
Marsden, Peter V. and Nan Lin. 1982. Social Structure and Network Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Pattison, Philippa. 1993. Algebraic Models for Social Networks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scott, John. 2000. Social Network Analysis: A Handbook. Second Edition. London: Sage Publications.
D.B. Tindall and Barry Wellman. 2001. "Canada as Social Structure: Social Network Analysis and Canadian Sociology." The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3): 265-308.
Wasserman, Stanley and Joseph Galaskiewicz (Eds.). 1994. Advances in Social Network Analysis. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications.
Wasserman, Stanley and Katherine Faust. 1994. Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wellman, Barry and S.D. Berkowitz (Eds.). 1988. Social Structures: A Network Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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