An Analysis Of Injury Type And Distribution Of Belted, Non-ejected Occupants Involved In
Rollover Crashes
Stephen A. Ridella1, Ana-Maria Eigen2, Jason Kerrigan3, Jeff Crandall3
1-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration2- Federal Highway Administration,
United States Department of Transportation3-Center for Applied Biomechanics – University of Virginia
2010 SAE Government/Industry MeetingJanuary 29, 2010
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permission
2
Issue
Fatality Trends in Passenger Vehicles
9,773 10,140 9,959 10,15710,729 10,442 10,590 10,870 10,742
10,240
8,999
12,977 12,680 12,818 12,623 12,670 12,42612,074 11,955 11,609
11,064
9,729
1,085 1,105 1,133 1,164 1,165 1,236 1,101 1,098 1,039 1,019 855
7,387 7,516 7,613 7,430 7,598 7,549 7,4677,010 6,648
6,1315,228
0
3,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
15,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008Year
Fata
litie
s
Rollover Front
Rear Side
Source: FARS 1998-2008 This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
3
Issue
About 25% of rollover fatalities are to belted, non-ejected occupants.
Little published data on nature of specific injuries to these rollover-involved occupants on a national scale.
This study to determine distributions of specific injury types in rollover crashes of belted, non-ejected occupants from recent years of the NASS-CDS database.
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
4
Dynamic Rollover Assessment
NHTSA is exploring dynamic rollover test procedure. Need to assess vehicle, crash, and occupant parameters
sensitive to occupant injury frequency and severity. Data will help to understand mechanisms associated
with most severe injuries and help to develop test procedure including dummy assessment and injury criteria.
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permission
5
AIS 3+ Injury Distribution by Body Region/Rollover Crash Type from CIREN*
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
HEADFACE
NECK
THORAX
ABDOMENSPIN
E
UPPER EXTREMITY
LOW
ER EXTREMITY
Body Region Injured
Perc
ent o
f AIS
3+ In
juri
es b
y G
roup
Multi EventPure Roll
* Ridella and Eigen, 2008 IRCOBI
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
6
Method
Data Source – NASS-CDS 2003-2007 Rollover Crashes (weighted data analysis)
Selection parameters (similar to Ridella and Eigen, 2008)– Occupant: Adult, front-row, outboard, belted, non-ejected– Vehicle: Passenger vehicles, <= 2 roof inversions (eight ¼ turns or less)
Analysis– AIS3+ injury distribution by body region for pure and multi-event rollovers– Determine top 10 injuries (by AIS90 code) for both rollover modes– Determine top 5 body region injury codes for pure rollover crashes– Determine demographic information
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permission
7
AIS 3+ Injury Distribution by Body Region and by Rollover Crash Type
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%
HEADFACE
NECK
THORAX
ABDOMENSPIN
E
UPPER EXTREMITY
LOWER EXTR
EMITY
Body Region Injured
Perc
ent o
f AIS
3+
Inju
ries
by R
oll
Cras
h Ty
pe
Multiple EventPure Rollover
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permission
8
(HTX = hemothorax, PTX = pneumothorax)
Pure Rollover Multi-Event Rollover
Injury N % Injury N % Cervical Spine fracture facet
1,128
12.0%
Lung contusion unilateral with or without HTX/PTX
2,518
8.2%
Lung contusion bilateral with or without HTX/PTX
954
10.1%
Pelvis fracture open/displaced/comminuted
1,916
6.2%
Orbit fracture open/displaced/comminuted
768
8.1%
Humerus fracture open/displaced/comminuted
1,512
4.9%
Cerebrum subarachnoid hemorrhage
710
7.5%
Tibia fracture shaft open/displaced/comminuted
1,434
4.6%
Radius fracture open/displaced/comminuted
693
7.4%
Radius fracture open/displaced/comminuted
1,279
4.2%
Lung contusion unilateral with or without HTX/PTX
675
7.2%
Lung contusion bilateral with or without HTX/PTX
1,084
3.5%
Cervical Spine fracture lamina
616
6.5%
Femur fracture shaft
956
3.1%
Cervical Spine fracture pedicle
458
4.8%
Cerebrum contusion single small
913
3.0%
Thoracic Spine fracture lamina
418
4.4%
Orbit fracture open/displaced/comminuted
908
3.0%
Cerebrum hematoma/hemorrhage subdural small
289
3.1%
Cervical Spine fracture facet
803
2.6%
(% is of total AIS 3+ Injuries for that crash type)
Top Ten AIS 3+ Injuries by Rollover Crash Type
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may
be used or reprinted without permssion
Distribution of Top Ten AIS 3+ Injuries by Injury and Rollover Crash Type
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Cervical/
Thoracic
Spine Fx
Brain blee
d/Facial
Fx
Lung Contusion
Extrem
ity Fx
Multi-eventPure
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
(% is of total AIS 3+ Injuries for that crash type)
10(% is of total AIS 3+ Injuries for that body region)
Top 5 AIS 3+ Injuries for Head, Spine and Thorax for Pure Rollover Crash Type
Head Spine Thorax
Injury N % Injury N % Injury N %
Cerebrum subarachnoid hemorrhage
710 37.1% Cervical Spine fracture facet
1,128 34.2% Lung contusion bilateral with or without HTX/PTX
954 46.9%
Cerebrum hematoma/hemorrhage subdural small
289 15.1% Cervical Spine fracture lamina
616 18.7% Lung contusion unilateral with or without HTX/PTX
675 33.2%
Cerebrum hematoma/hemorrhage intra-cerebral bilateral
202 10.6% Cervical Spine fracture pedicle
458 13.9% Rib cage fracture open/displaced/comminuted with HTX/PTX
173 8.5%
Cerebrum hematoma/hemorrhage epidural or extradural NFS
127 6.6% Thoracic Spine fracture lamina
418 12.7% Lung NFS 105 5.2%
Base (basilar) skull fracture without CSF leak
105 5.5% Thoracic Spine fracture vertebral body major compression
232 7.0% Rib cage fracture >3 ribs on one side and <4 ribs on either side
67 3.3%
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may
be used or reprinted without permssion
11
Head Spine Thorax % Two roof inversions
62.3
38.8
58.7
% Max Intrusion > 30cm 54.6 46.2 45.2 Median Age (yrs) 30 43 30
% Obese (BMI > 30) 21.4 41.3 0.0 Near/Far Occupant ratio 3.4 1.2 0.3
Selected Occupant and VehicleStatistics for Top 5 Injuries by Body Region
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
12
Continuing Work
Determine Specific Injuries for All Body Regions– Focus on head, cervical spine and thorax– More NASS and CIREN analysis in progress
• Injury causation and injury mechanism analysis
Determine Injury Clustering ScenariosMulti-variate regression analysis to find significant
factors involved
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
13
Summary/Conclusions
National estimates for rollover injury types using recent crashes
Data helps to determine priorities for:– Test procedure development– Crash dummy response requirements and injury criteria– Countermeasure development to mitigate injuries
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright in the United States; it may be used or reprinted without permssion
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