Running head: AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 1
An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the
Westminster Fire Department
David Varney
Westminster Fire Department
Westminster, Colorado
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 2
Certification Statement
I herby certify that this paper constitutes my own product, that where the language of
others is set forth, quotation marks so indicate, and that appropriate credit is given where I have
used the language, ideas, expressions, or writings of another.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 3
Abstract
The problem was the Westminster Fire Department utilizes the Job Specific Performance
Test (JSPA) physical fitness hiring requirements / annual JSPA/ Fitness test/ Medical / Physical
Examinations and they do not effectively identify those personnel who could potentially be at a
health risk for meeting the physical requirements of their job. The purpose of this research is to
determine the most effective Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the
Westminster Fire Department. Descriptive research methodology was used to answer the
following questions: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter?
2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to maintain the position of
a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical
health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?
The research procedures utilized a survey polling Westminster Fire Department online
personnel, interviews with three local area fire department representatives, occupational
physician, Risk Management/ Claims Analyst, and Clinical Exercise Physiologist. The research
results identified ongoing physical fitness requirements, compelling underlying issues of
firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health, and key elements were identified to enhance the
current Wellness program. Extensive research identified the entry-level firefighter requirements
and determined that the current physical fitness requirements of Westminster are acceptable.
The recommendation is to implement additional tests into the annual physical fitness
testing, provide additional training/certification for Wellness committee members for validation
of testing, utilize NFPA 1582 for additional guides of changes, institute cultural change in
behavioral health, and incorporate annual evaluations to determine the effectiveness of the
program.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 4
Table of Contents
Page
Certification 2
Abstract 3
Table of Content 4
Introduction 5
Background and Significance 6
Literature Review 11
Procedures 17
Results 20
Discussion 30
Recommendation 34
Reference List 36
Appendices
Appendix A: Westminster Fire Department Survey Questionnaire
Appendix B: Westminster Fire Department Pilot Survey Questionnaire
Appendix C: Westminster Fire Department Survey Questionnaire Results
Appendix D: FD Representatives Interview Questionnaire
Appendix E: Physician & Risk / Claim Analyst Interview Questionnaire
Appendix F: Clinical Exercise Physiologist Interview Questionnaire
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 5
An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the
Westminster Fire Department
Introduction
Across the United States of America firefighters are expected to physically be ready to
handle any emergency situation. However, we continue to steadily lose firefighters to physical
conditions. According to the National Fire Protection Association, “68 on-duty firefighter deaths
occurred in 2015, of the deaths 59% were related to overexertion, stress, and medical. In the past
10 years 42 percent of firefighter deaths are contributed to a cardiac-related event. ” (Fahy,
LeBlanc, & Molis, 2016). Statistical data continues to show areas where firefighters can
improve our physical well being and not become a statistical comparison.
As a professional fire department we must always continue to strive for the highest level
of standards by revisiting our current Standard Operation Guidelines (SOG) and policies in order
to strive for excellence. The problem is the Westminster Fire Department currently utilizes the
Job Specific Performance Test (JSPA) physical fitness hiring requirements / annual JSPA/
Fitness test/ Medical / Physical Examinations and they do not effectively identify those
personnel who could potentially be at a health risk for meeting the physical requirements of their
job. The purpose of this research is to determine the most effective Modern Wellness Program /
Physical Ability Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department.
The (ARP) titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements
for the Westminster Fire Department” utilizes the descriptive methodology of research. The
purpose of the descriptive research methodology is to answer the following questions: 1) What
are the physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 6
physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What
are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key
elements of a successful Wellness Program?
Background and Significance
The City of Westminster is centrally located northwest of Denver and is connected with
two major highway arteries, U.S. 36 and I -25. The City covers 35 square miles with a total
population of 112,090 and a median age of 36.1("Westminster City Profile," 2015). The City
prides itself on the numerous recreation activities from endless miles of open trails, superior golf
courses and modern facilities to meet the demand of the community.
The Westminster Fire Department (WFD) has a total of 146 personnel, 17 serve in the
administrative position and 129 are online career firefighters that are divided amongst three
shifts. Six districts are strategically placed throughout the City that house one fire station in each
of these districts. Each fire station has a minimum of three personnel assigned to each apparatus,
consisting of one officer, engineer, and firefighter. In addition, five of the six stations house
medic units consisting of at least one medic and firefighter. WFD provides state of art advanced
life support (ALS), emergency medical transport, fire protection and fire investigation. WFD
provides the City with special teams consisting of hazardous material, technical rescue, water
rescue, and wild land. Several other teams are provided to support WFD operations such as,
shift PIO’s, shift investigator, juvenile fire setter, apparatus committee, personnel protective
equipment, honor guard, and fitness committee.
Since the inception of the WFD, physical fitness has been an integral part of the daily
livelihood of the fire department both on the job requirements and team participation
representing the fire department. Numerous teams participated in events including running
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 7
teams from the early 50’s, softball, baseball, and football tournaments. These events have created
a strong team continuity to challenge other fire departments in the metro area. WFD participated
in these events because they are highly competitive and their culture prides themselves on the
importance of being physically fit. Over the past several years WFD personnel have participated
in the annual Scott Firefighter Combat Challenge. Scott’s firefighter challenge is known as the
toughest two minutes in sports due to the amount of physical work the body does in a short
period of time ("Firefighter combat challenge," n.d.). The WFD Combat team not only
participated in this annual event, but the team took number one in the World competition in 2012
and many other high rankings over the course of several years (Reimers, 2012).
One of the biggest proponents of physical fitness within the organization is Deputy Chief
(DC) of Administration Bill Work. DC Work has provided a significant level of support to WFD
in making sure fitness is a priority for all WFD personnel. WFD’s current Standard Operation
Guideline (SOG) 203.01 Physical Fitness / Health / Job Specific Performance states “this
program encourages individuals to maximize their physical potential and to reduce the damaging
effects of physical and emotional stress that is an inherent part of a firefighter’s job” ("Sog -
203.01," 2008, p. 1). The WFD fitness program consist of the Job Specific Performance Test
(JSPA), annual medical / physical examinations, and fitness testing that includes a VO2 max
treadmill test, push-ups, two-minute plank, flexibility, body fat, blood pressure, and resting pulse
rate ("WFD fitness," n.d.). A fitness committee that includes nine WFD personnel and one
coordinator conduct the annual JSPA, fitness test, and provide assistance to personnel who need
additional coaching and mentoring. The JSPA test was determined through research by a
committee formed from WFD personnel in the early 1990’s. At the time research was related to
acceptable practices from the International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC), International
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 8
Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) Wellness Initiative ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). This committee
conducted numerous tests and research to determined the fire job-related task assessments would
be required to be completed within a timeframe of 10 minutes and 15 seconds while wearing full
personal protective equipment (PPE) and airpac without using the facemask / on air function.
The problem is the test and research conducted was completed over sixteen years ago and
consideration of acceptable practices should be reviewed to determine if the current JSPA is the
most effective test for new hires / annual testing of online firefighters.
Prior to a candidate receiving a conditional employment offer for the City of Westminster
firefighter position, the candidate must successfully pass a fit for duty medical physical
examination and successfully pass the JSPA with a time less than 10:15 ("Becoming a
firefighter," n.d.). In order to maintain an online position as a WFD firefighter, all online
firefighters must pass the annual JSPA test, meet the average/fair rating for the fitness test, and
pass the fit for duty medical physical examination ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). The Fitness
Committee conducts the annual JSPA and Fitness test. The committee documents all completed
scores only and files them in the appropriate management folders, while the assigned physician
manages the physical examination.
The current minimum standard WFD fitness does identify levels of MET scores.
However, part of the background to the problem is those individuals who fall below the
specifically identified MET score by NFPA 1582 Standard of Health Related Fitness Programs
for Fire Department Members there is not an SOG or policy in place to hold them accountable.
According to NFPA 1582, 8.2.2.1.2 Annual Fitness Evaluation,
Levels below, 12 METs, a firefighter shall be counseled to improve his/her fitness,
8.2.2.1.3, at levels at or below 8 METs, a prescribed fitness program shall be required,
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 9
and the AHJ shall be advised to consider restriction from essential job tasks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, and 13 (Holland, 2012, p. 1582-20).
In the event the firefighter does not pass the timed JSPA or meet the average/fair
standards for the Fitness test, they are provided an outlined plan of action. This plan of action is
the responsibility of their Battalion Chief and officer with input from the Fitness Committee
member, and the Physical Fitness Coordinator ("Sog - 203.01," 2008). In the event the annual
medical/physical examination conducted by the physician determines there are pressing
concerns, the firefighter will be removed from online duties and assigned to a light duty position.
The firefighter assigned to light duty will be required to meet the specific requirements set by the
physician. Although the firefighter must be accountable for their physical well-being, there is an
inconsistency of providing/managing specific health measurements for firefighters while
assigned to a supervisor during the light duty stent.
An additional problem is there is not a specific written SOG or policy in place that is tied
to the required annual JSPA for personnel to obtain documented and logged baseline vital signs
before or after the JSPA test. This also includes no rehabilitation components to be conducted
prior to the firefighter returning back to their job duties that same day. Obviously, if the
firefighter who is performing the JSPA shows visible signs of health concerns or speaks up about
their current physical condition WFD would immediately provide the appropriate medical
treatment. The reality is there are personnel who complete the JSPA, but will not speak up and
the firefighter will assume they are good to go.
Lastly the background to the problem includes an annual required blood draw with no
policy set in to identify immediate concerns or accountability for the firefighter to relay pertinent
information to the physician based on the blood draw results. Although the blood draw results
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 10
can be reviewed by the firefighter within a short period of time, the results being reviewed
between the physician and the firefighter may not be reviewed for up to five months.
This study is significant to the WFD for three reasons. WFD believes in providing its
personnel the best opportunity for holding all firefighters accountable for their individual health
and well being through the highest quality Wellness programs / physical test available. The
second reason is to assure organizational effectiveness and accountability for each online
firefighter’s physical and mental preparedness in order to effectively meet the job requirements
of their position. Lastly, WFD prides itself on delivering exceptional customers service to the
community and citizens it serves.
This applied research project (ARP) relates specifically to the Executive Analysis of Fire
Service Operations in Emergency Management (EAFSOEM) course of the Executive Fire
Officer Program (EFOP). In Unit 1: National Incident Management System, National Response
Framework, and Stafford Act list protocol A. Protocol A, is to save lives, and protect the health
and safety of the public, responders and recovery workers (EAFSOEM -student manual, 2016, p.
1-11). The EAFSOEM course reconfirmed the importance of WFD personnel being physically
and mentally prepared for responding to a significant incident and it starts by identifying the key
elements of a modern wellness program and the appropriate physical ability requirements within
the WFD.
This ARP is related to the United States Fire Administration’s (USFA) Strategic Plan
goal number three for fiscal years 2014 – 2018: to “Enhance the Fire and Emergency Services’
Capability for Response to and Recovery From All Hazards” ("USFA goals," 2014, p. 12). The
Westminster Fire Department’s organization values the importance of being innovative,
adaptive, and responsible and is in line with the values of USFA’s Strategic Plan. This ARP is to
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 11
identify the key components of a Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements
within the WFD.
Literature Review
This ARP literature review research began prior to my most recent visit to the National
Fire Academy (NFA). As a proponent and supporter of Wellness / Physical Fitness Programs, I
reviewed other local area fire departments current programs and communicated with Program
leaders. During my attendance at the NFA, I utilized the Learning Resource Center (LRC)
reviewing Executive Fire Officer’s Applied Research Proposals (ARP’s) and I discussed this
ARP with several of my classmates. Furthermore, extensive research was conducted through
accessing the Internet reviewing numerous articles, theories, research, and statistical data.
The term physical fitness requirements can be broken down into two meanings. Physical
fitness can be defined in different ways such as “the ability to carry out daily tasks with alertness
and vigor, without undue fatigue, and with enough energy to meet emergencies or to enjoy
leisure time pursuits” (Mosby, 2013, p. 1392). The definition of requirement is “something that
is needed or that must be done” (Merriam-Webster website, 2015, p. 1).
The physical fitness requirements of a firefighter should be at the forefront of any future
candidate who is willing to take the appropriate steps in physically being prepared to
successfully complete the physical requirements of an entry-level firefighter position.
Firefighters must be fit for the demand of the job and this includes a combination of lifestyle,
nutrition, and habits however, this cannot be fully reached without effective levels of physical
fitness (Sherek, 2009).
A study to identify physical fitness characteristics associated with Law enforcement
officer’s (LEOs) job duties identified physical data for recruits and incumbent officers. This data
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 12
consisted of combined fitness, agility, upper body muscular endurance, core endurance, lower
body power, upper body strength, and aerobic endurance that related to the characteristic of a
LEOs occupational physical ability (Beck, 2012).
The United States of America armed forces including other special units differ in each
minimum physical requirement prior to gaining entry into the military. The initial entry process
amongst the United States arm forces may include timed runs, sit ups / push ups, swimming
500m, 12 minute swim, “dead-hang” pull ups, “flexed-arm” hang, and sit and reach (Smith, n.d.).
Required physical fitness levels for entry-level fire firefighters can be vastly different
amongst fire departments. The Candidate Physical Ability Test (CPAT) designed by the
International Association of Fire Firefighters (IAFF) and International Association of Fire Chiefs
(IAFFC) Task Forces enables fire departments to utilize this test to assist in providing
consistency for entry-level firefighter testing. A study utilizing the CPAT to identify the
physical fitness measures of firefighters ability to pass the CPAT identified aerobic and
anaerobic fitness as the major contributors to the success of the CPAT (Hurley, 2010). In
addition, the IAFF/IAFFC allows outside organizations to become CPAT license holders under
stringent guidelines. Once licensed, the organization can conduct CPAT and provide the testing
candidates an opportunity to certify themselves based on the CPAT requirements. Numerous fire
departments have adopted the CPAT as part of their minimum requirements for being considered
for future employment. Other fire departments provide similar physical fitness requirements
based on their needs. For example, West Metro Fire Rescue, Lakewood Colorado and Silver
City, New Mexico require timed physical test ranging from ceiling hoist, dummy drag in full
PPE, equipment carry, charged hose pulling, ladder hauling, tower climbing, and sledge hammer
strikes (Shaul, 2015).
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 13
Similar to professional athletes, firefighters are put to the test in various types of physical
fitness requirements in order to maintain their position as a firefighter. An athlete by definition is
“a person who is trained in or good at sports, games, or exercises that require physical skill and
strength” ("Ath," n.d., figure 2). However, as Carey and Berg note, an athlete knows when their
event is going to occur versus a firefighter never knows when their event will occur (Carey &
Berg, 2010).
History has proven the importance of physical fitness from primitive mankind to today’s
demand for both personal well-being and the requirements of job specific functions. Delleck and
Kravitz discuss history such as World War I and II and recognized the lack of physical fitness of
military personnel, therefore research was conducted to introduce fitness testing and identify
guidelines for improving physical fitness levels (Delleck & Kravitz, 2002).
A report from RAND Corporation, discusses physical fitness in the Air Force and the
strong effect if has on personnel being ready and prepared in a military setting. For instance,
Sean Robson points out research conducted should be considered to review the effectiveness of
physical fitness intervention, and contribution of fitness to resilience make it a smart investment
(Robson, 2013).
The St. Louis police department mandates their city officers must pass an annual physical
abilities test consisting of quarter-mile timed obstacle course, pulse and blood pressure (Byers,
2010). The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is known for their high standards of effective
physical fitness with two annual requirements. The physical fitness tests consist of a three mile
run, pull-ups/flexed-arm hang (optional), and crunches in addition, the Combat fitness test
consist of 880 – endurance yard course, lifting ammunition overhead, and a 300-yard shuttle run
("Prepare," 2016). These fitness test requirements enable each individual to maintain a fitness
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 14
level that meets the demand of the paramilitary job requirements for police and military branches
of the USMC.
The demand for a firefighter’s annual physical fitness test is vital to the longevity of each
individual’s opportunity to maintain an online position as a firefighter. Physical fitness should
be a priority when it comes to providing exceptional customer service to the community we
serve. A big factor in the annual fitness test for firefighters identifies who is and who is not
capable of completing the assigned tasks that are required on the fire ground (Jahnke, 2016). The
Portland Fire & Rescue conducts annual physical fitness tests in order to assure their firefighters
are capable of effectively completing their job. The physical agility tests consist of nine different
stations that simulate fire tasks that would be similar to a structure fire, all stations must be
completed in less than 8 minutes and 2 seconds ("Firefighter annual fitness testing," 2010).
Firefighters continue to die from health related incidents. The annual death of firefighters
is not acceptable. Since NFPA began their study in 1977 to 2015 sudden cardiac deaths
continues to plague the largest share of on-duty firefighter deaths (Fahy, LeBlanc, & Molis,
2016). Johns Hopkins Medicine determined cardiovascular risk was detected using CT scan /
ultrasound test identifying coronary and carotid plaque, in addition a high number of firefighter
had prediabetes ("Early signs," 2014). Over 70% of American firefighters are over weight or
obese resulting in increased risk for injury, disability, and mortality (Wilkinson et al., 2013).
Obese firefighters can increase their risk of safety and others while performing the required
duties on the fire ground especially while wearing the appropriate personnel protective gear
(PPE). As McLellan and Selkirk pointed out, “an increase in body temperature places an
additional strain on the heart to pump greater volumes of blood to the skin to promote heat loss
to the environment” (McLellan & Selkirk, 2006, p. 415).
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 15
Firefighters respond to almost any type of 911 emergencies. The extreme levels of stress
the firefighter will encounter can develop into physical illness, emotional problems, family
issues, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Sweeney, 2014). In the military, PTSD
research continues to be a top priority in identifying the underlying issues. In a recent study, the
biggest risk factors of PTSD related to events were related to trauma severity, discharge of
weapons, visually witness someone wounded/killed, and adverse life events (Xue et al., 2015).
A firefighter’s return to work evaluation based on cardiovascular disease (CVD) can have
an extreme underlying importance to the firefighter’s physical health. In fact, evidence has
proven if the proper return to work evaluation for firefighters is conducted there is a potential
decrease of 30% in coronary heart disease related deaths ("Heart to heart," 2015). The physical
demand of a firefighter position can create stressors before and after the emergency call.
According to Battalion Chief Reynolds, besides the lifestyle of firefighters, family history
stressors, there is a mental and emotional stress of the job in seeing a lot of death and this leads
to finding ways to channel it (Moore, n.d.).
According to the National Wellness Institute, the definition of wellness is “active process
of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence” ("Definition of
wellness," n.d., para. 3). The backbone of a strong Wellness Program begins with a leader who
ties their expertise to the culture and strategy of that organization (Berry, Mirabito, & Baun,
2010). A firefighter role model intervention within the organization can promote theoretical
framework as part of an effective wellness program (Lawrence et al., 2014).
There are several key elements of an effective wellness program in Federal agencies of
occupational workplace. For example health education, nutrition services, physical activity
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 16
promotion, and screenings that will provide the most effective healthy workforce for suitability
of current and future needs ("Work life," n.d.).
Suicide rates amongst firefighters increases to a level close to law enforcement officers
(Lamplugh, 2015). This continued increase of suicides amongst firefighters has led to a
significant amount of research. For example, the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation
(NFFF) developed the 16 Initiatives. Five of these initiatives directly effective Wellness
programs and all initiatives have become the foundation for thousands of fire departments and
EMS organizations that believe in providing their personnel a safe return to their homes after
every shift ("Firefighter life safety," n.d.). The significant concern of health behavior has not
been overlooked. NPFA revised two chapters in the 2013 edition of the NFPA 1500. Chapter 11
reads Medical and Physical Requirements, and chapter 12 reads Occupational Exposure to A
typically Stressful Events ("NFPA 1500," n.d.). These chapters will provide organizations
additional support and consideration in revisiting existing wellness programs to meet the demand
of their organization. In an article written by Jacob McAfee, he discusses implementing the
appropriate Health and Fitness program based on his organization wellness program and
utilization of the Wellness-Fitness Initiative based on the IAFF/IAFC Joint Labor Management-
Fitness Initiative (WFI). Included in this wellness fitness program are fitness testing and
exercise, medical evaluations, injury avoidance and rehabilitation, behavioral health promotion,
and data collection (McAfee, 2014).
In summary, this literature review provides a vast overview of information that relates to
each specific research question. The groundwork based on theory provides a foundation for each
research questions. The research reviewed through government, university studies / medical
opinions provides invaluable information to assist this research in offering comprehensive
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 17
findings. The United States Military presented examples of their current wellness and fitness
programs as similar job specific requirements relate to the fire service wellness programs. The
study of other Fire departments provided a baseline of existing wellness program and allowed
this analysis to determine additional information from surveys that will influence this research.
In addition, research provided through university studies/medical opinions, IAFF/ IAFFC, NFPA
standard, and NFFF identified additional data collection needed in order to effectively exhibit the
appropriate information for the Procedures section.
Procedures
This applied research project was identified through the following four questions using
the descriptive methodology research: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an
entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to
maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths
pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?
This research project started prior to this author’s third year attendance at the National
Fire Academy Executive Fire Officer Program, Executive Analysis of Fire Service Operations in
Emergency Management. A dialog of exchange amongst personnel who currently manage the
WFD’s Wellness Program prompted questions into the program in how to expand its current
level. This communication exchange led to questions of essential physical fitness requirements
for entry-level firefighters, ongoing physical fitness requirements for incumbent firefighters,
causes of firefighter deaths pertaining to physical health, and what other Wellness programs look
like.
The National Fire Academy’s Learning Resource Center (LRC) provided information
through literature review. The research contributed by reviewing ARP’s enhanced this authors
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 18
focal point of entry level physical fitness requirements, requirements for incumbent firefighters,
firefighter deaths correlated to physical health, and state of the art Wellness programs.
Additional days spent researching past ARP’s at the LRC led to the appropriate findings with
evidence to support this research project. In addition, communication amongst classmates and
instructors provided valuable information of input of their current fire departments physical
fitness requirements and for those who have active wellness programs. A clear vision was set
and additional research was conducted through the Internet utilizing the four questions for this
research project.
A survey from the online WFD personnel was tailored to the four research questions.
Prior to the survey a pilot test with six WFD personnel was successfully completed to confirm
the survey was accurate and reflected back to the four research questions. In addition, interviews
were conducted with three surrounding fire departments Wellness Program members, three fire
department supported physicians, and a Colorado State University, Director of Heart Disease
Prevention Program.
The WFD personnel were sent an email by the author that provided a link to complete a
survey that consisted of six questions (Appendix A). These six questions were specifically
narrowed down after a pilot survey questionnaire was conducted by six of WFD’s personnel. The
questionnaire retrieved valuable information that related back to the original research questions
and the importance of this analysis. (Appendix B). The WFD personnel survey questionnaire
was sent out by email to a total of 129 personnel, of those personnel, 92 completed the survey.
Three local area fire department representatives consisting of Denver Fire Department (DFD),
South Metro Fire Rescue Authority (SMFR), and West Metro Fire Rescue Protection District
(WMFR) provided invaluable information during an interview by this author. A total of seven
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 19
questions were presented to each representative. The representatives consisted of DFD Division
Chief of Safety and Training Scott Heiss, SMFR Wellness Assistant Miguel De La Torre, and
WMFR Wellness / Workers Compensation Manager Bob Stratman. The seven interview
questions below offer supporting information that relates back to the original research questions.
1. What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level firefighter?
2. Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to determine if incumbent personnel are
adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? Yes or no?
3. If yes, what do the physical fitness requirements consist of?
4. If no, do you see a need for an annual physical fitness requirement?
5. Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes/No
6. If yes, what are the key elements of the program?
7. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters?
This author conducted an interview with one occupational physician and a Risk
Management/ Claims Analyst. The physicians consisted of Dr. David Orgel, MD Occupational
Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and a Risk Management/Analyst from the City of Westminster.
A total of four questions were tailored to relate back to the original research questions. The
questions are as follows:
1. What type of physical fitness test should be required of firefighters?
2. What are the top two underlying physical health issues firefighters face?
3. What is the number one test you would suggest in order to reduce the number of
firefighter fatalities?
4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department Wellness program?
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 20
The Colorado State University Director of Heart Disease Prevention Program Tiffany
Lipsey, M.Ed., ACSM Clinical Exercise Physiologist provided this author an additional
perspective with a four-question interview. The interview questions listed below relate back to
the original research questions of this research paper:
1. What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an entry-level
firefighter?
2. What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter?
3. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters?
4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department Wellness program?
WFD’s survey questionnaire was closed on June 13th, 2016 and all information was
compressed into analysis and charting utilizing Survey Monkey’s software. All interviews
conducted were documented and information was provided in Microsoft word format and
Microsoft Excel.
Limitations to this authors research included WFD’s personnel survey questionnaire did
not include a 100% response rate. Of those personnel who completed the “other provided
explanation” section, several personnel provided a vague response. In addition, WFD personnel
who completed the WFD survey questionnaire are part of the Wellness Program Committee.
Rightfully so, the committee members have a vested interest in the Wellness program; results
from the survey questionnaire may weigh in favor of positive result.
Results
This applied research project provided results from a WFD questionnaire survey,
interview questions from three local area fire department representatives, physician, Risk/Claims
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 21
Analyst, and one Clinical Exercise Physiologist. The results contribute to precise data that
supports the original research questions: 1) What are the physical fitness requirements for an
entry-level firefighter? 2) What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements for a firefighter to
maintain the position of a firefighter? 3) What are the underlying issues of firefighter deaths
pertaining to physical health? 4) What are the key elements of a successful Wellness Program?
The result from WFD’s six-question survey provides detailed information that supports
the original research questions (Appendix C).
WFD Survey (Question 1). Do you feel the Westminster Fire Department “Job Specific
Performance Assessment Test” (JSPA) is an effective test for screening future firefighter
personnel in their ability to perform the necessary physical requirements of the job?
Of the 92 personnel who responded, 85.9% responded “yes” and 14.1% responded “no”.
Sixteen personnel provided additional information from the dummy drag is unrealistic, several
stated the time length is too long, CPAT is a better test, and the remaining wanted personnel to
be in full PPE including breathing on air during the test.
WFD Survey (Question 2). If you answered “No” for the above question what physical
ability assessment would you recommend?
Of the 12 personnel who answered “no”, 100% recommended the CPAT.
WFD Survey (Question 3). Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA
test appropriate/useful in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet
the physical demands of the firefighter position?
Chart –WFD Survey (Question 3)
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 22
Of the 92 personnel who responded, 41 personnel replied as to why they answered “No”
to the above survey questionnaire. The “No” responses were broken down into several
comments that were similar ranging from the majority stating the test does not accurately
identify personnel who are in shape, maximum time is too long, brut strength can get you
through the test, and the test does not provide the appropriate physical demand of a firefighter.
WFD Survey (Question 4). Which ongoing physical fitness assessments are beneficial in
ensuring a level of fitness required for a firefighter position within Westminster Fire
Department?
A. Appropriate Body Fat Composition Testing
B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2)
C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance
D. Appropriate lean body mass
E. Flexibility
F. All of the above
G. Other provide explanation
Yes 55%
No 45%
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 23
Of the 91personnel that answered question 4 of the survey, 62.6% were in favor of all of
the above answers, 40 personnel stated appropriate strength and muscular endurance, 39
personnel stated cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2), 30 supported flexibility, and 16
supported each of the body fat composition testing and lean body mass.
WFD Survey (Question 5). Do you think the current Westminster Fire Department
Fitness Test adequately identifies each person’s fitness level?
A. Yes
B. No
C. I don’t know
D. Other provide explanation
Of the 91 personnel that answered question 5 of the survey 28.57% answered yes, and
54.95% stated no, and the remaining 16.48% do not know. In addition 33 personnel responded
with different explanations such as, body mass correlation to fitness level can be inaccurate,
additional assessment needed, no one firefighter’s fitness is the same with different fitness needs,
too easy just to stroll through the test without any real effort, does not help fix the problem,
slanted in favor of large people, and the best method of measuring fitness is a VO2 test run in a
lab on a treadmill or bike.
WFD Survey (Question 6). What critical factors should be used to determine if a
Westminster firefighter meets the minimum firefighter health and fitness requirements based on
NFPA standards and Westminster Fire Department policies and procedures?
A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) (12Mets)
B. Acceptable body fat percentage
C. Meeting a minimum fitness level of at least fair/average on the Fitness Test
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 24
D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec)
E. Passing an occupational medical physical exam
F. All of the above
G. Other provide explanation
Of the 88 personnel who answered question 6 of the survey, 45.45% supported an
occupational medical physical exam, in addition to supporting the “all of above”, 43.18%
supported VO2Max and all of the above selections, 35.23% selected meeting a minimum fitness
level of at least fair/average on the fitness test, 25% agreed with an acceptable body fat
percentage and a JSPA Test (10 min 15 sec maximum).
The WFD survey provided insight to the original research questions specifically stating
85% of personnel in question 1 supported the current JSPA test relating back to the physical
requirements of an entry-level firefighter. The ongoing requirements for a firefighter to maintain
a position of a firefighter related back to WFD survey question 3 and 4 with a report of 55.5%
approval rating for the required annual JSPA test. Question 5 and 6 of the WFD survey
correlated to what firefighter felt supported fitness and health in determining underlying issues
and assisted in identify key elements of a successful Wellness Program.
Three interviews with local area fire department (FD) this author conducted by phone
consisted of seven questions (Appendix D). The representatives from each FD are Division Chief
of Safety and Training Scott Heiss of the DFD, Wellness Assistant Miguel De La Torre of
SMFR, and Wellness / Workers Compensation Manager Bob Stratman of WMFR (S. Heiss, M.
De La Torre, & B. Stratman, personal communication, August 16, 2016). The FD
representative’s responses are based on their professional work experience:
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 25
FD Interview (Question 1). What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level
firefighter?
Scott Heiss and Miguel De La Torre reported a required CPAT certificate. Bob Stratman
reported a physical ability test (PAT) is required to be within 08:30 or less.
FD Interview (Question 2). Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to
determine if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the
firefighter position? Yes or no?
Scott Heiss reported no. Miguel De La Torre reported yes.
FD Interview (Question 3). If yes, what does the physical fitness requirements consist of?
Miguel De La Torre reported their physical fitness requirements consist of VO2 Max
with a minimum MET level of 12, push-ups, plank testing, vertical jump, FMS screening, and
body fat testing. Bob Stratman reported an annual PAT of 10:00 or less and a MET test with a
minimum MET level of 12.
FD Interview (Question 4). If no, do you see a need for an annual physical
fitness requirement?
Scott Heiss reported DFD does not currently have an annual physical fitness requirement.
However, DFD is in the final stages of approving a required annual physical fitness test for all
online personnel. The physical fitness test will require full donning of the firefighters full
personal protective equipment (PPE) including breathing on air while conducting several job
specific functions with a minimum time of 07:25 and a maximum time of 10:47.
FD Interview (Question 5). Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes or
no?
Scott Heiss, Miguel D La Torre, and Bob Stratman reported yes.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 26
FD Interview (Question 6). If yes, what are the key elements of the program?
Scott Heiss reported DFD’s Wellness Program is defined as a Total Wellness Voluntary
Program consisting of Smart Set physical (mirrors of NFPA 1582 physical fitness), two fulltime
physical therapist who provide physical therapy for “any reason” to all firefighters, Nutritionist
support, physiological performance, and a committee consisting of administration, risk
management, Kaiser personnel who meet six times a year to review the program in order to keep
a pulse in maintaining an effective and proactive wellness program. Miguel De La Torre
reported their Wellness program falls under the IAFF Wellness Initiative and NFPA 1582
consisting of body composition / metabolic testing, full spectrum physical, and exercise stress
test for age 50 and above. Bob Stratman reported their Wellness program consisted of providing
all stations with appropriate physical fitness equipment, hiring of interns to assist with all fitness
tests and firefighter physical rehabilitation, annual PAT/MET testing, nutritional counseling,
communication briefings with physicians for up to date NFPA standards/ expectations of WMFR
annual medical physicals required for ages 30, 35, 40, 44, 48, 50, 52, and every year after.
FD Interview (Question 7). What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters
face?
Scott Heiss reported the first concerning issues is for fighters to actively manage their
body mass index (BMI) if over 30.0, second is to educate personnel in reducing the risk of death
from contributing factors such as cardiovascular disease and elevated core temperatures due to
significant events such as fire suppression. In addition, behavioral heath support is highly
important with DFD firefighters, as it is a sign of strength not a weakness. Miguel De La Torre
reported a big concern is addressing MET levels falling below 12, maintaining physical strength
for the job specific requirements of firefighter, and addressing cultural change in mental wellness
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 27
and metabolic health. Bob Stratman reported education of heart disease/cancer, injuries due to
reduction in core strength and injuries during training and routine activities.
The results of the interviews from FD representative supported each of the original
research questions such as each department’s entry-level physical requirements, current and
future physical requirements, key elements of current Wellness programs and supportive
information in regards to underlying issues related to firefighters deaths.
The second set of interviews consists of four questions this author conducted with local
area physician and City of Westminster Risk/Claims Analyst (Appendix E). The physician is Dr.
David Orgel, MD who works for Arbors Occupational Medicine and Jackie Bonavida,
Risk/Claims Analyst from the City of Westminster (D. Orgel, & J. Bonavida, personal
communication, August 22, 2016). The physician and Risk/Claims Analyst responses are based
on their professional work experience:
Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 1). What type of physical fitness test should be
required for firefighters?
Dr. David Orgel reported physical and mental abilities based on the job specific
functions. Jackie Bonavida reported the JSPA test provides an exceptional test due to the job
specific requirements of firefighters both entry-level and incumbent firefighters.
Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 2). What are the top three underlying physical
health issues firefighters face?
Dr. David Orgel reported fitness/exercise, increase in cancer, and cardiac event after
increased workload. Jackie Bonavida reported overexertion / increase in core body temperature
after a significant work event, cardiovascular disease, and missed cancer screenings.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 28
Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 3). What is the number one test you would
suggest in order to reduce the number of firefighter fatalities?
Dr. David Orgel reported a stress test for age 40 as a base line, and each year after the age
of 49. In addition, a VO2 Max test with a minimum MET level of 12. Jackie Bonavida reported
a base line VO2 Max/ cardiac screening, and annual stress test for personnel over the age of 40.
Physician / Analyst Interview (Question 4). What are the key elements of a successful fire
department’s Wellness Program?
Dr. David Orgel reported a cultural change in staying fit, eating healthy, annual physical fitness
test related to job specific job functions, annual physicals with blood analysis testing, including
VO2 Max, and stress test. Jackie Bonavida reported data management, annual physical fitness
test related to the job function, annual physicals, stress test for personnel over the age of 40, VO2
Max annual testing, annual blood analysis testing, and change in firefighter culture of being
proactive in providing behavioral support.
The results of the interviews from the physician and Risk / Claims Analyst supported each of
the original research questions such as appropriate fitness test based on job specific functions,
data management, annual physicals, and underlying physical health issues related to exercise and
cardiac events. In addition, both emphasized the importance of a stress test and VO2 Max for
key elements of a successful Wellness Program.
The third interview consisted of four questions (Appendix F) this author conducted with
the Director, Heart Disease Prevention Program Tiffany Lipsey, M.Ed., ACSM, Clinical
Exercise Physiologist, (T. Lipsey, personal communication, August 12, 2016). The physiologist
responses are based on her professional work experience:
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 29
Tiffany Lipsey (Question 1). What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an
entry-level firefighter?
Tiffany Lipsey reported a job specific fitness test such as the CPAT is adequate for an entry-
level firefighter position.
Tiffany Lipsey (Question 2). What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter?
Tiffany Lipsey reported a job specific function test similar to the CPAT, aerobic capacity test
including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max for a baseline, and strength / flexibility test.
Tiffany Lipsey (Question 3). What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters
face?
Tiffany reported cardiovascular disease.
Tiffany Lipsey (Question 4). What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s
Wellness Program?
Tiffany reported to create a change in culture for behavior health with appropriate support
and opens lines of communication, maintain a level of fitness on and off duty, annual physical,
body composition, aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max for a
baseline, and strength / flexibility test.
The results of Tiffany Lipsey’s interview provided an in-depth look from her past work
experience that provides valuable answers to each research question. One highlighted example is
the appropriate testing of the aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring/ measured VO2
MAX base line for firefighters.
In summary, the results from the WFD survey, interviews provided from surrounding fire
departments, local area physician, Risk /Claims Analyst, and Clinical Exercise Physiologist
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 30
provided a vast amount of information that directly supports the previous sections and provides
answers to the original research questions.
Discussion
The importance in analyzing the most effective modern Wellness program / physical ability
requirement’s for the Westminster Fire Department is related back to the original research
questions that directly correlated to the survey, interview questions results, and the information
provided in the literature review.
The findings in the original research question one provided a comparison amongst two of the
local area FDs specifically use the CPAT as the priority physical fitness test amongst entry- level
firefighters. The third local area fire department conducted a test called PAT, similar to WFD’s
JSPA test. The CPAT is a standardized test developed specifically to assess entry-level
firefighter’s performance of essential firefighter skills and contributes to both aerobic and
anaerobic fitness (Hurley, 2010). In the WFD survey questionnaire 1(Appendix C), there was an
overwhelming support of 85.87% supported WFD’s current JSPA physical fitness requirement
for entry-level firefighters. Although there are different entry-level firefighters physical tests,
these tests relate back to the physician, Lipsey’s, and Bonavida’s interview of focusing physical
fitness requirements to job related specific functions similar to CPAT or JSPA test. As stated by
Beck, “it is important to identify specific physical fitness components that area associated with
minimal competency for job performance” (Beck, 2012, p. 1). The literature review and this
author’s results indicate the current JSPA test provides the appropriate physical fitness
requirements for an entry-level firefighter.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 31
The ongoing physical fitness requirements for firefighters to maintain the position of
firefighter of the original research question two, have a difference in opinion as related to the
WFD survey questionnaire number 3. The response of 44.57% did not support the current WFD
annual JSPA test fitness requirement and the majority stated the test does not accurately identify
personnel who are in shape, maximum time is too long, brut strength can get you through the
test, and the test does not provide the appropriate physical demand of a firefighter. It is the
opinion of the author the survey agrees with the JSPA annual fitness test requirement of an
incumbent firefighter under each individual’s own responses. In addition, 56.52% support the
current annual required JSPA test fitness requirement. WFD’s survey questionnaire number 5,
54.93% did not support the current WFD annual physical fitness requirements. The response to
questionnaire 5 consisted of body mass correlation to fitness level can be inaccurate, additional
assessment needed, no one firefighter’s fitness is the same with different fitness needs, too easy
just to stroll through the test without any real effort, does not help fix the problem, slanted in
favor of large people, and the best method of measuring fitness is a VO2 test run in a lab on a
treadmill or bike. In the opinion of the author, WFD questionnaire 5 provides value in support of
providing a consistent and effective annual required physical fitness for the incumbent firefighter
based on the results and the research provided in the literature review. The goals of a fitness
program must motivate participants year-round and provide structure to the program (Robson,
2013). The local area fire departments interviews offered differences in requirements. For
example, DFD does not currently have ongoing fitness requirements, however they are in the
final stages of requiring their firefighters to conduct an annual physical fitness test consisting of
job specific functions in full PPE while on air. In addition to the required physical fitness test
based on job specific functions, SMRF required a VO2 Max with a minimum MET level of 12,
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 32
push-ups, plank testing, vertical jump, FMS screening, and body fat testing while WMFD’s
requires a PAT test and MET test with a minimum MET level of 12. A similarity amongst the
physician, Analyst, and Lipsey suggest ongoing job specific testing and annual VO2 Max test.
According to Sara Jahnke, “while more traditional measures of fitness maybe statistically related
to fireground performance, many fire departments are moving towards measured tasks that are
more representative of the fire ground” (Jahnke, 2016, p. 1).
The findings of the original research question three of underlying issues of firefighters
deaths pertaining to health issues led to similar comparison of this author’s results and the
literature review. The comparison results included, underlying cardiovascular disease, elevated
core temperatures, MET levels falling below 12, increased body fat levels, and cultural changes
in mental wellness. A significant event can trigger a cardiovascular strain of events on a
firefighter from the work performed, PPE, thermal environment, current health status, and fitness
/ hydration level leading to a sudden cardiac event ("Heart to heart," 2015). In addition, plaque
build up in the coronary and carotid arteries amongst numerous firefighters can lead to additional
increased risks ("Early signs," 2014). In this authors interviews there was a noticeable emphasis
in the similarities relating to incumbent firefighter receiving the appropriate support in mental
wellness. Firefighter suicides are a huge problem due to the routinely encountered levels of
stress, emotional issues, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)(Sweeney, 2014).
The findings of the original research question four pertaining to the key elements of a
successful Wellness program provided several comparisons between the literature review and the
results sections. The WFD questionnaire six survey results showed the majority favored an
annual occupational physical, accurate testing of VO2 MAX, meeting a minimum fitness test
level, annual JSPA test, and a acceptable annual body fat testing. The response to questionnaire
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 33
6 consisted of the majority in favor of an appropriate tested VO2 Max, and a cardiac stress test
for the incumbent firefighters. The local area FD interviews provided an in depth look at existing
Wellness programs that fall under the NFPA 1582 and IAFF Wellness Initiative. DFD’s Total
Wellness Voluntary program provides two-fulltime physical therapist that provide physical
therapy to firefighters, nutritionist support, physiological performance, and a committee to
oversee each key element of their Total Wellness program is being effective for the firefighter.
SMFR provides annual body composition / metabolic testing, full spectrum physical, and
exercise stress test for age 50 and above. In comparison, WMFR provides all stations with the
appropriate physical fitness equipment, firefighter physical rehabilitation, annual PAT/MET
testing, nutritional counseling, communication briefings with physicians for up to date NFPA
standards/ expectations of WMFR annual medical physicals. In the interview with the physician,
Analyst, and Lipsey there was agreeable comparison of culture change in providing behavior
health support with appropriate support, body composition, and all three stressed the importance
of aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max test for baseline, and
stress test for the incumbent firefighter. In addition, annual physicals exam /blood test, strength /
flexibility test, and appropriate annual fitness test related to job specific functions. One of the
most effective measures of cardiorespiratory fitness is the VO2 Max test, appropriate equipment
and trained technicians is vital in determining the accuracy of each individual’s VO2 MAX
(Robson, 2013).
In summary, this authors interpretation between the research results, the problem
statement, original research questions and the comparison of the literature review provides
valuable information in determining the most effective Modern Wellness program / physical
ability requirements for WFD. In this comparison of the research results, WFD’s current JSPA
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 34
test for entry-level firefighters is appropriate. In the data provided for the ongoing physical
requirements there is a difference in opinion amongst the WFD survey. However, the research
comparison will provide a strong foundation for recommended changes. In addition, the vast
amount of information for the key elements of a successful Wellness program provided in this
section and the literature review will provide the baseline for additional recommendations. The
critical organizational implications include budgetary concerns, additional workload, buy-in
from the current WFD Wellness committee, WFD personnel, and other representatives of the
City to support the needed change.
Recommendations
The provided research results for this ARP assisted this author in concluding the
connection for enhancing the current Westminster Wellness Program / Physical ability
requirements. The following recommendations are suggested in achieving the highest level of
standards of a Modern Wellness program for the Westminster Fire Department:
• Maintain the current physical fitness requirements for an entry-level firefighter.
• Provide appropriate training for all WFD Wellness committee members to create
a consistent / accurate testing process for the required physical fitness test and
JSPA test.
• Identify blood draw information immediately to occupational physicians in the
event of a pressing concern.
• Certify WFD Wellness committee members to accurately test for body fat content
and aerobic capacity / measured VO2 MAX test.
• Provide aerobic capacity test including ECG monitoring / measured VO2 Max.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 35
• Provide resources to assist personnel who fall below the suggested 12 MET per
NFPA 1582 and for those who fall below 8 MET.
• Provide a stress test base line for all personnel.
• Cultural change - providing behavior health support.
• Incorporate a nutritional program.
• Ensure all data for the annual physical fitness testing is accurate and is readily
available for individual review.
• Provide updated SOG / policy to reflect changes in Wellness program.
• Provide annual meetings to evaluate program and make necessary changes to
enhance the program.
Recommendation for the future readers incorporates the difficulty of providing input
from local area physicians who do not provide annual medical treatment to firefighters excluding
the occupational physician. In addition, surveys from firefighters are important. However,
comments as to the “why” the incumbent firefighter responded to the survey can provide input at
a personal level that may or may not provide a valid response. The author recommends focused
efforts of similar concerns of enhancing a current Wellness program to a Modern Wellness
program by utilizing the key components of the program, modifying the program by the
supported evidence, and culture changes that effect firefighters life experiences.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 36
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Work-life: Health & wellness. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-
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AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 42
Appendix A As part of my Executive Fire Officer Program for the National Fire Academy, I am working towards the completion of an applied research project titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Ability Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department”. The intent of this survey is to evaluate our current wellness program / JSPA test. I am asking for your assistance in answering six questions that should take a few minutes of your time to complete. I would appreciate it if you could complete the survey by June 18th, 2016. The link to the survey is provided below. https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/JCSNWZS WFD Survey Questionnaire: 1. Do you feel the Westminster Fire Department “Job Specific Performance Assessment Test” (JSPA) is an effective test for screening future firefighter personnel in their ability to perform the necessary physical requirements of the job? Yes No Other provide explanation 2. If you answered “No” for the above question what physical ability assessment would you recommend? A. Candidate Physical Abilities Test (CPAT) B. If other, please list: 3. Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA test appropriate/useful in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? A. Yes B. No C. If “No” please add comments as to why 4. Which ongoing physical fitness assessments are beneficial in ensuring a level of fitness required for a firefighter position within Westminster Fire Department? A. Appropriate Body Fat Composition Testing B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance (VO2) C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance D. Appropriate lean body mass E. Flexibility F. All of the above G. Other provide explanation
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 43
5. Do you feel the current Westminster Fire Department Fitness Test adequately identifies each person’s fitness level? A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know D. Other provide explanation 6. What critical factors should be used to determine if a Westminster firefighter meets the minimum firefighter health and fitness requirements based on NFPA standards and Westminster Fire Department policies and procedures? A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) (12Mets) B. Acceptable body fat percentage C. Meeting a minimum fitness level of at least fair/average on the Fitness Test D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec) E. Passing an occupational medical physical exam F. All of the above G. Other provide explanation
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 44
Appendix B As part of my Executive Fire Officer Program for the National Fire Academy, I am working towards the completion of an applied research project titled “An Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program / Physical Agility Requirements for the Westminster Fire Department”. The intent of this survey is to evaluate our current wellness program / physical fitness test requirements. I am asking for your assistance in pilot testing the questions below. Please be prepared to discuss the questions and we will determine if the questions provided will obtaining the accurate information for the survey. I would appreciate it if you could complete the survey by May 19th, 2016. WFD Pilot Test Survey: 1. Is the Westminster Fire Department Job Specific Performance Assessment Test (JSPA) an effective test for recruitment of future firefighter personnel? Yes No Comments 2. If you answered No for the above question what physical ability test would you recommend. A. Candidate Physical Abilities Test (CPAT) B. If other, please list: 3. Is the Westminster Fire Department’s annual required JSPA test appropriate in determining if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? A. Yes B. No C. If not please add comments as to why 4. What are the ongoing physical fitness requirements required for maintaining a firefighter position for the Westminster Fire Department? A. Appropriate Body Composition Testing B. Appropriate Cardiovascular/respiratory endurance C. Appropriate Strength and Muscular Endurance D. Appropriate lean body mass E. Flexibility F. All of the above G. Other 5. Does the Westminster Fire Department Cooper test identify underlying issues for on line firefighter’s health?
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 45
A. Yes B. No C. I don’t know D. Comments: 6. What are the minimum critical factors in determining if a firefighter should be held accountable in meeting the minimum firefighter health requirement’s based on NFPA 1500 and Westminster Fire Department. A. VO2max (cardiopulmonary capacity/aerobic fitness) B. Overweight C. Low fitness levels D. JSPA Test (10min 15sec) E. All of the above F. Other
If you have any other questions that may benefit this survey please add.
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 56
Appendix D FD Representatives Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO
Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program Questionnaire Executive Fire Officer Program – National Fire Academy
Name: Title: Organization: 1. What are your physical fitness requirements for entry-level firefighter? 2. Do you have an annual required physical fitness test to determine if incumbent personnel are adequately prepared to meet the physical demands of the firefighter position? Yes or no? 3. If yes, what does the physical fitness requirements consist of? 4. If no, do you see a need for an annual physical fitness requirement? 5. Does your organization have a Wellness Program? Yes/No 6. If yes, what are the key elements of the program? 7. What are the underlying physical health issues facing firefighters? I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 57
Appendix E Risk/ Claim Analyst Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO
Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program Questionnaire Executive Fire Officer Program – National Fire Academy
Name: Title: Organization:
1. What type of physical fitness test should be required for firefighters? 2. What are the top three underlying physical health issues firefighters face? 3. What is the number one test you would suggest in order to reduce the number of
firefighter fatalities? 4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s Wellness Program?
I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department
AN ANALYSIS OF A MODERN WELLNESS PROGRAM / PHYSICAL 58
Appendix F Physician Interview Questionnaire for Executive Fire Officer Program – EFOP, EAFO
Analysis of A Modern Wellness Program Questionnaire Executive Fire Officer Program – National Fire Academy
Name: Title: Organization:
1. What type of physical fitness requirements should be used for an entry-level firefighter? 2. What are the ongoing physical requirements for a firefighter? 3. What are the underlying physical health issues firefighters face? 4. What are the key elements of a successful fire department’s Wellness Program?
I appreciate your participation, if you have any additional questions or concerns feel free to contact me at 303-961-2552. Thank you, David Varney Battalion Chief Westminster Fire Department
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