8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
1/24
Clean Cities / 1
Coalition Name
Alternative Fuels OverviewPresenter
Title
E-mailDate
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
2/24
Clean Cities / 2
U.S. Department of Energy
Mission
To ensure Americas security andprosperity by
addressing its energy, environmental, and nuclear
challenges through transformative science and
technology solutions
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
3/24
Clean Cities / 3
Clean Cities
Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct)
Provides a framework for businesses and government
agencies to work together
Goal: Reduce U.S. petroleum use by 2.5 billion gallons
per year
Clean Cities MissionTo advance the energy, economic, and environmental security of the U.S.
by supporting local decisions to reduce petroleum use in transportation.
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
4/24
Clean Cities / 4
Clean Cities Coalitions
Nearly 100
coalitions in 45
states
775,000 AFVsusing alternative
fuels
6,600 fueling
stations
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
5/24
Clean Cities / 5
U.S. Energy Consumption
Source: Annual Energy Outlook 2011. Energy Information Administration.
Liquid fuels consumption by sector, 1990-2035 (million barrels per day)
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
6/24
Clean Cities / 6
U.S. Petroleum Trends
Source: Monthly Energy Review (May 2011) and Annual Energy Review 2009. Energy Information Administration.
Petroleum Consumption, Production, and Import Trends
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
7/24Clean Cities / 7
U.S. Petroleum Trends
Sources: Monthly Energy Review (April 2011). Petroleum Supply Monthly (February 2011). EIA
Net Imports and Domestic Petroleum
as Shares of U.S. Demand
Sources of Net Crude Oil and
Petroleum Products Imports: Canada (25%)
Saudi Arabia (12%)
Nigeria (11%)
Venezuela (10%)
Mexico (9%)
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
8/24Clean Cities / 8
Clean Cities Strategies
Replacepetroleum with alternative and
renewable fuels
Reducepetroleum use through fuel
efficiency measures, smarter drivingpractices, and idle reduction
Eliminatepetroleum use by promoting
mass transit, trip elimination, and
congestion mitigation
Clean Cities has saved nearly 3 billion
gallons of petroleum since 1993.
Eliminate
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
9/24Clean Cities / 9
Alternative and Renewable Fuels
Biodiesel Electricity
Ethanol (E85)
Hydrogen
Natural gas
Propane
Fuel Economy
Fuel efficient vehicles
Driving habits
Vehicle maintenance
Idle Reduction Technologies
Behavioral changes
Trip Elimination
Telecommuting
Ridesharing
Clean Cities Portfolio of Technologies
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
10/24Clean Cities / 10
Biodiesel
Domestically produced,renewable fuel
Manufactured from vegetable
oils, animal fats, restaurant
grease
Reduces greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions
Biodegradable and nontoxic
Cleaner-burning replacement for
diesel fuel
Fatty acid methyl esters(FAME), fatty acid alkyl esters,
long-chain mono alkyl esters
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
11/24Clean Cities / 11
Biodiesel can be blended with diesel
in any proportion: B2, B5, B20,
B100.
B20 is the most common blend in
U.S.
Most OEMs approve up to B5 withno modifications.
Similar payload capacity, range,
horsepower, and torque as diesel.
B20 suitable for nearly allunmodified diesel engines.
Biodiesel Use
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
12/24Clean Cities / 12
Electricity: Hybrids and Plug-ins
Hybrids and plug-in electric vehicles use electricity either as their primary
fuel or to improve the efficiency of conventional design
Three categories of vehicles:
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
All-Electric Vehicles (EVs)
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
13/24Clean Cities / 13
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)
Charging times for fully depleted batteries
vary based on type of battery and type of
EVSE
Level 1: AC, 120V, 6-20 hours, residential
Level 2: AC, 240V, 3-8 hours, residential and public
Level 3 (in development): AC, 30 minutes, public
DC Fast: DC, 208-600V, 30 minutes, public
Charging EVs and PHEVs
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
14/24Clean Cities / 14
Ethanol
Renewable fuel produced from plant materials (biomass)
Same chemical compound in alcoholic beverages
Comes from starchy feedstocks (corn, sugar cane, sugar
beets) and cellulosic feedstocks (yard waste, grasses,
poplars)
Blended at low levels into 80% of gasoline sold in the
United States
Increasingly available as E85, for use in flex fuel vehicles
High-octane fuel
Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
15/24Clean Cities / 15
Ethanol Blends
E10 Contains 10% ethanol, 90% gasoline
Most common blend in U.S.
E15
Contains 15% ethanol, 85% gasoline
EPA approved for use in MY2001 and
newer vehicles
E85
Contains 51%-83% ethanol
Alternative fuel under Energy Policy
Act of 1992
Used in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs)
Available in most states
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
16/24Clean Cities / 16
Hydrogen exists in water, hydrocarbons
(such as methane), and organic matter.
The energy in 2.2 lb of hydrogen gas isabout the same as the energy in 1 gallon ofgasoline.
Steam reforming of methane (natural gas)accounts for about 95% of the hydrogenproduced in the U.S.
About 9 million tons of hydrogen isproduced in the U.S. each year.
Fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogenpotentially 2 to 3 times more efficient thanconventional vehicles.
Hydrogen
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
17/24Clean Cities / 17
Currently used in modified internal combustion engines.
Several OEMs have pre-production light-duty vehicles
in demonstration projects.
Hydrogen can be blended with natural gas to create a
fuel for natural gas vehicles.
Hydrogen Use
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
18/24Clean Cities / 18
Natural Gas Hydrocarbons, predominantly methane (CH4)
High octane rating
Nontoxic, noncorrosive, and noncarcinogenic
Not a threat to soil, surface water, or groundwater Extracted from gas and oil wells
Existing pipeline distribution system
Natural Gas
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
19/24Clean Cities / 19
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Stored in onboard tanks under high
pressure
Fuel economy similar to gasoline
1 GGE = 5.7 lb CNG
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Kept at cold temperatures
Stored in double-wall, vacuum-insulated
pressure vessels
Heavy-duty vehicles
1 GGE = 1.5 gal LNG
Natural Gas: CNG and LNG
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
20/24Clean Cities / 20
Propane
Also known as liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG)
Colorless, odorless liquid
(when stored under pressure)
High octane rating
Nontoxic
By-product of natural gas
processing and crude oil
refining
Less than 2% of propane
used in U.S. used intransportation
Lower GHG emissions
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
21/24Clean Cities / 21
Propane Vehicles
Propane Vehicle Availability
Light-duty vehicles available
Engines and fueling systems for heavy- and medium-duty vehicles
Conversions
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
22/24
Clean Cities / 22
Clean Cities Web Resources
Clean Cities
AFDC
FuelEconomy.gov
8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
23/24
Clean Cities / 23
ImportantWeb Sites and Resources
Clean Citieswww.cleancities.energy.gov
Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Centerwww.afdc.energy.gov
Clean Cities Coordinator Contact Information and Coalitions
www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/coalitions/coalition_locations.php
Technical Response Service
Email: [email protected]
http://www.cleancities.energy.gov/http://www.afdc.energy.gov/http://www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/coalitions/coalition_locations.phpmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.afdc.energy.gov/cleancities/coalitions/coalition_locations.phphttp://www.afdc.energy.gov/http://www.cleancities.energy.gov/8/13/2019 Alt Fuels Overview
24/24
ContactInformation
Coordinator Name
Clean Cities CoalitionContact Information
Insert Coalition Logo
Top Related