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algebraic expression
angle
base (of a power)
coordinate plane
equation
exponent
expression
factor
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A figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint
An expression that contains numbers, operations, and one or more symbols
8 , 6x a b+ × −
A coordinate plane is formed by the intersection of a horizontal number line and a vertical number line.
The base of a power is the repeated factor.
See power.
The exponent of a power indicates the number of times a base is used as a factor.
See power.
A mathematical sentence that uses an equal sign to show that two expressions are equal
4 16, 7 21= + =x a
When whole numbers other than zero are multiplied together, each number is a factor of the product.
2 3 4 24,× × = so 2, 3, and 4 are factors of 24.
A mathematical phrase containing numbers, operations, and/or variables
12 6, 18 3 4+ + ×
8 , 6+ × −x a b
vertex
x
y
3
4
5
2
1
−3
−2
−4
−5
4 5321O−2−3−4−5
Quadrant II Quadrant I
Quadrant IVQuadrant III
The origin isat (0, 0).
x-axis y-axis
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negative number
ordered pair
origin
percent
polygon
polyhedron
positive number
power
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A pair of numbers (x, y) used to locate a point in a coordinate plane; The first number is the x-coordinate, and the second number is the y-coordinate.
The x-coordinate of the point ( )2, 1− is 2,− and
the y-coordinate is 1.
A number less than 0
0.25, 10, 500− − −
A part-to-whole ratio where the whole is 100
37
37% 37 out of 100100
= =
The point, represented by the ordered pair (0, 0), where the horizontal and vertical number lines intersect in a coordinate plane
See coordinate plane.
A solid whose faces are all polygons
A closed figure in a plane that is made up of three or more line segments that intersect only at their endpoints
A product of repeated factors
�
51 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 21
power is used as a factor 5 times.2
= • • • • ���������
A number greater than 0
0.5, 2, 100 exponent base
1
−2 21
(−2, 1)
O x
y
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prism
pyramid
quadrilateral
ray
regular polygon
solid
solution (of an equation)
terms (of an algebraic expression)
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A polyhedron that has one base; The lateral faces are triangles.
A polyhedron that has two parallel, congruent bases; The lateral faces are parallelograms.
A part of a line that has one endpoint and extends without end in one direction
A polygon with four sides
A three-dimensional figure
See three-dimensional figure.
A polygon with congruent sides and congruent angles
The parts of an algebraic expression
The terms of 4 7+x are 4x and 7.
A value that makes an equation true
6 is the solution of the equation 4 2.− =x
lateral face
base
baselateral face
base
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three-dimensional figure
two-dimensional figure
variable
vertex (of an angle)
whole numbers
x-axis
y-axis
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A figure that has only length and width
A figure that has length, width, and depth; also known as a solid
The point at which the two sides of an angle meet
See angle.
A symbol that represents one or more numbers
x is a variable in 2 1.x +
The horizontal number line in a coordinate plane
See coordinate plane.
The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…
The vertical number line in a coordinate plane
See coordinate plane.
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absolute value
additive inverse
Additive Inverse Property
integers
opposites
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Chapter 1
Chapter 1
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The opposite of a number
The additive inverse of 8 is 8.−
The distance between a number and 0 on a number line; The absolute value of a number a is written as .a
5 5− =
5 5=
The set of whole numbers and their opposites
3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,− − −… …
The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is 0.
( )8 8 0+ − =
Two numbers that are the same distance from 0, but on opposite sides of 0
3− and 3 are opposites.
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rational number
repeating decimal
terminating decimal
Chapter 2 Chapter 2
Chapter 2
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A decimal that has a pattern that repeats
0.555... 0.5
1.727272... 1.72
=
=
A number that can be written as a
b where
a and b are integers and 0b ≠
3
3 ,1
= 2 2
5 5
−− =
1
0.25 ,4
= 1 4
13 3
=
A decimal that ends
1.5, 2.58, 5.605−
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Addition Property of Equality
Division Property of Equality
equivalent equations
factoring an expression
like terms
linear expression
Multiplication Property of Equality
simplest form (of an algebraic expression)
Chapter3 Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
Chapter 3 Chapter 3
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Dividing each side of an equation by the same number produces an equivalent equation.
3 18
3 18
3 3
6
− =− =− −
= −
y
y
y
Adding the same number to each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.
5 1
5 5
4
− = −+ +
=
x
x
Writing an expression as a product of factors
( )5 15 5 3x x− = −
Equations that have the same solutions
2 8 0x − = and 2 8x =
An algebraic expression in which the exponent of the variable is 1
1
4 , 3 5, 56
x x x− + −
Terms of an algebraic expression that have the same variables raised to the same exponents
4 and 8, 2x and 7x
An algebraic expression is in simplest form when it has no like terms and no parentheses.
26 9 , 3 5a a t+ +
Multiplying each side of an equation by the same number produces an equivalent equation.
( )
63
3 3 63
18
= −
• = • −
= −
x
x
x
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Subtraction Property of Equality
Chapter 3
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Subtracting the same number from each side of an equation produces an equivalent equation.
5 25
5 5
20
w
w
+ =− −
=
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Addition Property of Inequality
Division Property of Inequality
graph of an inequality
inequality
Multiplication Property of Inequality
solution of an inequality
solution set
Subtraction Property of Inequality
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Chapter 4
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When you divide each side of an inequality by the same positive number, the inequality remains true. When you divide each side of an inequality by the same negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol must be reversed for the inequality to remain true.
4 12
4 12
4 43
x
x
x
> −−>
> −
5 30
5 30
5 56
x
x
x
− >− <− −
< −
When you add the same number to each side of an inequality, the inequality remains true.
3 10
3 3
7
x
x
− > −+ +
> −
A mathematical sentence that compares expressions; It contains the symbols , , , or .< > ≤ ≥
4 14, 5 12x x− < + ≥ −
A graph that shows all the solutions of an inequality on a number line
2> −x
A value that makes an inequality true
A solution of the inequality 3 9+ > −x is 2.=x
When you multiply each side of an inequality by the same positive number, the inequality remains true.
When you multiply each side of an inequality by the same negative number, the direction of the inequality symbol must be reversed for the inequality to remain true.
( )
92
2 2 92
18
< −
• < • −
< −
x
x
x
36
6 6 36
18
<−
− • > − •−
> −
x
x
x
When you subtract the same number from each side of an inequality, the inequality remains true.
7 20
7 7
27
+ > −− −
> −
x
x
The set of all solutions of an inequality
−1−3 −2 0 1 2 3
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complex fraction
constant of proportionality
cross products
Cross Products Property
direct variation
proportion
proportional
rate
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
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The number k in the direct variation equation y kx=
The constant of proportionality in the equation 2 is 2.y x=
A fraction that has at least one fraction in the numerator, denominator, or both
1412
The cross products of a proportion are equal.
=2 43 6
2 6 3 4• = •
In the proportion ,a c
b d= the products a d•
and b c• are called cross products.
=2 43 6
2 6 and 3 4• •
An equation stating that two ratios are equivalent
3 12
4 16=
Two quantities x and y show direct variation when ,=y kx where k is a number and 0.≠k
The graph of y kx= is
a line with a slope of k that passes through the origin.
A ratio of two quantities with different units
You read 3 books every 2 weeks.
Two quantities that form a proportion are proportional.
Because 3
4 and
12
16 form a proportion,
3
4 and
12
16 are proportional.
x
y3
2
1
−3
321−2−3 −1
y = 2x
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ratio
slope
unit rate
Chapter 5 Chapter 5
Chapter 5
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A ratio of the change in y (vertical change) to the change in x (horizontal change) between any two points on a line; It is a measure of the steepness of a line.
change in slope
change in
y
x=
A comparison of two quantities using division;
The ratio of a to b ( )where 0≠b can be written
as a to b, a : b, or .a
b
4 to 1, 4 : 1, or 4
1
A rate with a denominator of 1
The speed limit is 65 miles per hour.
x
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Slope =
3
2 32
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discount
interest
markup
percent of change
percent of decrease
percent error
percent of increase
principal
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Chapter 6
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Money paid or earned for the use of money
See simple interest.
A decrease in the original price of an item
The original price of a pair of shoes is $95. The sale price is $65. The discount is $30.
The percent that a quantity changes from the original amount
amount of changepercent of change
original amount=
The percent of change from 20 to 25 is:
25 20 5
25%20 20
− = =
The increase from what a store pays to the selling price
A store buys a hat for $12 and sells it for $20. The markup is $8.
The percent that an estimated quantity differs from the actual amount
amount of errorpercent error
actual amount=
Estimated length: 16 feet Actual length: 21
Percent error: 21 16
, or 23.8%21
−
The percent of change when the original amount decreases
percent of decrease
original amount new amount
original amount
−=
The price of a shirt decreases from $20 to $10.
The percent of decrease is 20 10
, or 50%.20
−
An amount of money borrowed or deposited
You deposit $200 in an account that earns 4% simple interest per year. The principal is $200.
The percent of change when the original amount increases
percent of increase
new amount original amount
original amount
−=
The price of a shirt increases from $20 to $30.
The percent of increase is 30 20
, or 50%.20
−
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simple interest
Chapter 6
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Money paid or earned only on the principal
=I Prt
You put $200 into an account. The account earns 5% simple interest per year. The interest earned after 3 years is $200 0.05 3,× × or $30. The account balance is $200 $30 $230+ = after 3 years.
Simple Interest Annual interest rate (in decimal form)
Principal Time (in years)
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adjacent angles
complementary angles
congruent angles
congruent sides
kite
scale
scale drawing
scale factor (of a scale drawing)
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
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Two angles whose measures have a sum of 90°
Two angles that share a common side and have the same vertex
1 and 2∠ ∠ are adjacent.
2 and 4∠ ∠ are not adjacent.
Sides that have the same length
Side AB and side FG are congruent sides.
Angles that have the same measure
A ratio that compares the measurements of a drawing or model with the actual measurements
12 cm : 1 cm
2 in.
15 ft
A quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides and opposite sides that are not congruent
A scale without units
See ratio.
A proportional, two-dimensional drawing of an object
A blueprint or a map
1 234
30°60°
12
60°60°
120°120°
A
B
F
G
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scale model
supplementary angles
vertical angles
Chapter 7 Chapter 7
Chapter 7
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Two angles whose measures have a sum of 180°
A proportional, three-dimensional model of an object
The angles opposite each other when two lines intersect; Vertical angles are congruent angles.
1 and 3 are vertical angles.
2 and 4 are vertical angles.
∠ ∠∠ ∠
135° 45° 3 4
24
3
1
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center (of a circle)
circle
circumference
composite figure
diameter (of a circle)
pi
radius (of a circle)
semicircle
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Chapter 8
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The set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a point called the center
The point inside a circle that is the same distance from all points on the circle
See circle.
A figure made up of triangles, squares, rectangles, semicircles, and other two-dimensional figures
The distance around a circle
The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter
The value of π can be approximated as 3.14 or22
.7
The distance across a circle through the center
See circumference.
One-half of a circle
The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle
See circumference.
centercircle
C
d
rsquare
triangle
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cross section
lateral surface area (of a prism)
regular pyramid
slant height (of a pyramid)
Chapter 9 Chapter 9
Chapter 9 Chapter 9
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The sum of the areas of the lateral faces of a prism
( )( ) ( )( )2
Lateral surface area 2 4 3 2 5 3
24 30 54 cm
= +
= + =
A two-dimensional shape formed by the intersection of a plane and a solid
The intersection of the plane and the cone is a circle.
The height of each triangular face of a pyramid
A pyramid whose base is a regular polygon
5 cm4 cm
3 cm
slant height
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biased sample
compound event
dependent events
event
experiment
experimental probability
favorable outcomes
Fundamental Counting Principle
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
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An event that consists of two or more events
Spinning a spinner and flipping a coin
A sample that is not representative of a population; One or more parts of the population are favored over others.
You want to estimate the number of students in your school who like to play basketball. You survey 100 students at a basketball game.
A collection of one or more outcomes of an experiment
Flipping heads on a coin
Two events such that the occurrence of one event affects the likelihood that the other event(s) will occur
A bag contains 3 red marbles and 4 blue marbles. You randomly draw a marble, do not replace it, then randomly draw another marble. The events “first marble is blue” and “second marble is red” are dependent events.
Probability that is based on repeated trials of an experiment
( ) number of times the event occursevent
total number of trialsP =
A basketball player makes 19 baskets in 28 attempts. The experimental probability that the player makes a
basket is 19
, or about 68%.28
An investigation or procedure that has varying results
Rolling a number cube
An event M has m possible outcomes and event N has n possible outcomes. The total number of outcomes of event M followed by event N is
.m n×
You have 7 shirts, 5 pairs of pants, and 2 pairs of shoes. You can make 7 5 2 70× × = different outfits.
The outcomes of a specific event
When rolling a number cube, the favorable outcomes for the event “rolling an even number” are 2, 4, and 6.
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independent events
outcomes
population
probability
relative frequency
sample
sample space
simulation
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
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The possible results of an experiment
The outcomes of flipping a coin are heads and tails.
Two events such that the occurrence of one event does not affect the likelihood that the other event(s) will occur
You flip a coin and roll a number cube. The events “flipping tails” and “rolling a 4” are independent events.
A number from 0 to 1 that measures the likelihood that an event will occur
See experimental probability and theoretical probability.
An entire group of people or objects
Population: All of the 14-year-old females in the United States
Sample: All of the 14-year-old females in your town
A part of a population
See population.
The fraction or percent of the time that an event occurs in an experiment
You flip a coin 20 times. If you flip heads 11 times, the relative frequency of flipping heads
is 11
, or 55%.20
An experiment that is designed to reproduce the conditions of a situation or process
The set of all possible outcomes of one or more events
You flip a coin twice. The outcomes in the sample space are HH, HT, TH, and TT.
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theoretical probability
unbiased sample
Chapter 10 Chapter 10
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A sample that is representative of a population; It is selected at random and is large enough to provide accurate data.
You want to estimate the number of students in your school who like to play basketball. You survey 100 students at random during lunch.
The ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of possible outcomes when all possible outcomes are equally likely
( ) number of favorable outcomesevent
number of possible outcomes=P
When rolling a number cube, the theoretical
probability of rolling a 4 is 1
.6
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