EBU TECHNICAL
Beyond HD TV
Dr Hans Hoffmann
Head of Media Fundamentals
and Production Technology
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Agenda
Market drivers and media landscape
Beyond HD
The 6 parameters to play with……
The broadcast ecosystem – production and distribution
Where fits 1080p/50 into Beyond HD discussion
Summary
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Market drivers
• Consumer industry seeks to sell new displays
• TV programmes via new IP distribution media
• BeyondHD as a marketing vehicle
• Traditional delivery technology runs short
• Consumers are increasingly accustomed to high
quality electronic pictures
• Games
• Tablets
• 4k Cinema
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What characterises “Beyond HD TV”?
“New and enhanced (significantly?)
Audio-visual experience with more
realistic perception of the reality
than we can achieve with HDTV.”
Immediate questions:
• What creates the WOW effect?
• What is the target audience and environment?
• Considerations – the ecosystem from capture to
consumption
• What are the time schedule for introduction scenarios
• Financial feasible and consumer interest
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The staircase to quality heaven...
1990s 2004 ….2016…. 2011 …202x
DIGITAL
Standard TV 625 –lines
Legacy HDTV 1080i/25 & 720p50
Stereo 3DTV
two ½ HD images
Transition
analogue to digital
Transition
SDTV to HDTV
HD
Master
Format 1080p/50
Progressive
3DTV
Two normal
HDTV images
Transition
to 1080p/50
(full HD) 4k
Progressive
Higher Frame
rate?
More colours?
3DTV
Two normal
HDTV images
4k
(quad HD)
8k Ultra HDTV Progressive
Higher Frame rate?
More colours? Higher Contrast?
3DTV Multiview
8k (16 x HD)
Imm
ers
ive Q
ualit
y
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“What was HD again?”
• Spatial and temporal dimensions
• Spatial resolution: 1920x1080
• Temporal resolution: 24…60 Hz
• Scanning: interlaced and progressive
• Aspect ratio: 16x9
• Sampling and coding (8/10 bit); RGB, YCrCb….) and filter
• Opto-electronic conversion
• Chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931)
• Primaries for R, G, B, white point
• Full chain from camera to consumer designed according to
these parameters incl. interfaces, compression, systems.
ITU-R BT.709-5 and SMPTE 274: Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and
international programme exchange
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Some first parameters to consider for
Beyond HD………..
Horizontal resolution
Vertical resolution
Temporal resolution
1920
1080
progressive
60p, 120p…. But there is more…….
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“The big 6” parameters to play with……
• Spatial resolution
• How much resolution?
• Temporal resolution
• How much frame rate? What are the psycho-visual implications/advantages
• What is the dependency between increasing spatial res. and temporal res.?
• (HFR for TV people is >60p)
• Colorimetry
• More realistic colours and better coding gain
• Bit-depth
• 10, 12, 16, and full range coding
• Dynamic Range
• Higher dynamic range HDR (more realistic perception between the brightest
and darkest elements in a scene)
• Attention: bit-depth does NOT tell you about the HDR
• Aspect Ratio (16:9, 21:9……..)
What values and combination of these parameters are required?
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Spatial resolution
Conditions to achieve BeyondHD viewing
•Wider viewing angle than HD (>30°)
•Either closer to screen or bigger screen
•=> More resolution required
•=> What aspect ratio?
http://www.hdlandblog.com/2011/08/ifa-2011-8k-85-sharp-nhk.html
85’’
7680 x 4320 pixels
300 cd/m2
10 bits
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Viewing angle – ITU-R 1769
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More frames – what is the issue (BBC WHP 209)
• Motion portrayal for TV genre
(sport)
• Increasing spatial resolution
seems to call for an increase
of frame rate too!
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More frames – what is the issue (BBC WHP 209)
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Creation Production Encoder Distribution Decoder Interfacing Display
Higher Frame Rate TV chain (>60p)
No production or distribution or
home infrastructure for
HFR >60p
Cameras Displays
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Creation Production Encoder Distribution Decoder Interfacing Display
Sat.
DTT?
Cable?
IP!
Distribution
HEVC
(promise up to 50 % saving
compared to H.264)
Display
Display
Camcorder
IP streaming
But single link
HDMI needed
Infrastructure
“Some” first Infrastructures
Multilink 3G-SDI
SMPTE 10 Gbit/s
SMPTE 25 Gbit/s
STB
Decoder
New STB
Sig. Process.
Compression
Signal Processing
Some
studio
Compression
4k TV chain at TV frame rates (50-60p)
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Is 1080p/50 Beyond HD?
1080p/50 is rather an evolutionary format
- next investment cycle in production, maybe distribution
- all standards are available,
- products appear over time.
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What should be done about 4K TV?
• Address the technology gaps in the chain • Think about premium productions being shot in 4k
• 4k quality in the archives is more ‘future proof’
• 4k mainstream TV production chains are not available today
• 1080p/50-60 may be an intermediate solution
• New 4K consumer displays are on their way • Good 1080p/50-60 content on a 4k home display doesn’t look
bad……..
• Transition to 1080p/50-60 in distribution maybe a step one
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4k-8k: What standards do we have so far?
Recommendation ITU-R BT.1769 - Parameters values for an expanded
hierarchy of LSDI image formats for production and international
programme exchange (under rev)
ST 2036-1:2009 Ultra High Definition Television - Image Parameter
Values for Program Production
ST 2036-2:2008 Ultra High Definition Television - Audio Characteristics
and Audio Channel Mapping for Program Production
ST 2036-3:2010 Ultra High Definition Television - Mapping into Single-
link or Multi-link 10 Gbit/s Serial Signal / Data Interface
Multilink 3G-SDI…..
In SMPTE 25 Gbits/s working efforts
In MPEG: HEVC initiative
EBU Project BeyondHD
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What we need is……
• $$$
• Long breath……this takes a while.
• Good analysis about the value chain from creation to
consumer (what is there , what is missing)
• Some good research work
• For example:
8k/4k creation, 1080p/50 distribution, 4k-display
versus
Full 4k chain
Oversampling principle? What bit-rates?
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Did we forget something on BeyondHD?
• Improvements in 2D will
have positive impact for 3D
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Summary “Beyond HD”
• Beyond HD is a long term development
• Many parameters can determine the immersive
experience
• What is feasible for TV and how fast will the consumer
industry push new screens?
• Few open standards for infrastructures in the
professional space and distribution are available today
• Digital Cinema will impact broadcasters
• New standards are needed, participate now (or don’t
complain later)
• We should not forget: the benchmark is a significant
improved audiovisual consumer experience.
EBU TECHNICAL
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Definition HDTV
ITU-R BT. 709:
„ A high definition system is a system designed to allow
viewing at about three times the picture height, such that the
system is virtually, or nearly, transparent to the quality or
portrayal that would have been perceived in the original scene
or performance by a discerning viewer with normal visual acuity.“
3h viewing distance
h