7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
1/17
a presentation about coal fired power stations
and its effects on humans and the environment
By: Melanie Nguyen, Dale Akinrefon, Desiree Lash, Sophia JeanLouis, Lourdia Alcide, and Andres Rodriguez
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
2/17
Coal Fired Power Stations
type of power station burning coal to produce electricity Converts heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, then into
electrical energy
Waste heat energy is released
Flue gas from combustion of the fossil fuels is discharged to the air Gas contains carbon dioxide, water vapor, as well as substances such as
elemental nitrogen, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, mercury, traces ofother metals, and, for coal-fired plants, fly ash.
Fossil fueled power stations are major emitters of CO2, a greenhouse gas(GHG) which according to a consensus opinion of scientific organizations isa contributor to global warming as it has been observed over the last 100years
Brown coal emits about 3 times as much CO2 as natural gas
Black coal emits about twice as much CO2 per unit of electric energy.
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
3/17
Coal
Coal-fired power plants provideabout 54% of consumedelectricity in the United States.This is the Castle Gate Plantnear Helper, Utah.
Big Bend Coal Power Station inApollo Beach, Florida in theUnited States.
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
4/17
Coal
Coal generates 54% ofelectricity in the U.S.
Single biggest airpollutant
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
5/17
Environmental Impacts
Acid Rain
Air Pollution
Global Warming
Emission of gases- carbon dioxide, nitrogenoxides, and sulfur dioxide
Particulate matter
Radioactive trace elements Water and air contamination by coal ash
Mercury contamination
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
6/17
When was the problem discovered?
Not identified in the literature.
Clean Air Task Force study
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
7/17
Epidemiology
Expensive energy prices
Increasing size of the population
Employment
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
8/17
Mortality and Morbidity
Healthy people and temporary symptoms: such as irritation of the eyes,nose, and throat; coughing; phlegm; chest tightness; and shortness ofbreath
People with lung disease: may not be able to breathe as deeply or asvigorously as normal, and you may experience coughing, chest discomfort,wheezing, shortness of breath, and unusual fatigue
May exacerbate asthma People with heart disease, particle exposure can cause serious problems
in a short period of time even heart attacks with no warning signs:Asymptomatic, or symptoms such as chest pain or tightness, palpitations,shortness of breath, or unusual fatigue may indicate a serious problem.
24,000 people a year die prematurely because of pollution from coal-firedpower plants. And every year 38,000 heart attacks, 12,000 hospitaladmissions and an additional 550,000 asthma attacks result from powerplant pollution.
(American Lung Association, 2011)
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
9/17
Contributing factors
Many ways air pollution can occur Auto exhaust fumes
emit large amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) into the atmosphere
Formaldehyde found in many products that we use By-product of combustion and can be found both indoors and outdoors
Found in pressed woods, plywoods, gas stove, preservatives in paints
Polycyclic hydrocarbons found in shampoo and lotion Waste disposal emit increased level of Methane
Reacts with other chemical in the air
Dispersal of pollen grains, wind erosion, emissions from radioactive decaytaking place inside the earth's crust, burning of fossil fuels and chemicals suchas fungicides, insecticides.
Volcanic eruptions, gases emitted from animal waste, forest fires and dust
Large amount of sulfur dioxide from volcanic eruption Stationary sources such as factories and furnaces release carbon dioxide (CO2)
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
10/17
Exposure Pathways
Air pollution can occurs in many ways by coal power plant Coal combustion releases nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM), mercury, and dozens of other substances known to
be hazardous to human health. Coal power plants emits these chemicals in the air Nitrogen oxides (NOx) reacts with volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight to produce ground-level ozone Sulfur dioxide (SO2). formation of microscopic particles (particulate pollution or soot) that can be inhaled deep into the lungs and aggravate respiratory
conditions Mercury (HG). Coal contains trace amounts of mercury that, when burned, enter the environment and human bodies, effecting intellectual
development. Particulate matter (PM), also known as particle pollution tiny particles of fly ash and dust expelled from burning coal Smog chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere Smog is an invisible gas made of three oxygen atoms Leaves airborne particle sin the air Black carbon or soot
Big component of air pollution around the world It is made up of tiny carbon particulate matter that contributes to global warming by absorbing heat in the atmosphere and reducing
albedo, the reflection of sunlight, when deposited on snow and ice.
http://www.epa.gov/iaq/formaldehyde.htmlhttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Air_pollution_from_coal-fired_power_plants
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
11/17
Population at Risk
Coal plants in PA
Coal plants concentration in USA
Which Risks Are of Greatest Concern? -Present illness
-Exposure
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Existing_coal_plants_in_Pennsylvaniahttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/3_90_022.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/3_90_022.htmlhttp://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Existing_coal_plants_in_Pennsylvania7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
12/17
Population at Risk (cont.)
("Emissions of hazardous," 2011)
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
13/17
Agencies in Action
Pollution preventionUS EPA Region 3 (3HS32)1650 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103
Fax: 215-814-3274
Contact: Mindy LemionePhone: 215-814-2736
Contact: Mindee OsnoPhone: 215-814-2074
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
14/17
Agencies in Action (cont.)
The Northwest Air Quality Communicators Group is a consortium of communicatorsfrom federal, state, provincial, tribal and local air quality and health organizations.
BC Ministry of Environment Air Benton Clean Air Agency Environment Canada Air EPA, Region 10 Air program
EPA, Region 10 FARR Lane Regional Air Protection Agency Nez Perce Tribe Air Quality Program Northwest Clean Air Agency Olympic Region Clean Air Agency OR Dept. of Environmental Quality
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency Southwest Clean Air Agency Spokane Regional Clean Air Agency WA Department of Health WA Dept. of Ecology Air Program
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
15/17
Prevention Measures
Primary Prevention
Clean Air Act
Control technology
Secondary Prevention
Screening
Tertiary Prevention
Treatment of disease processes
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
16/17
Nursing Process Plan of Action
Energy Efficiency Clean/Renewable Energy
Wind
Water
Solar Carbon Capture Storage
(CCS)
Cracking
Assess Community
Plan
Gov. Agencies &
Professional assoc. Interventions
Education
Evaluation
Compliance Decreased CO2 in air
7/30/2019 Air Pollution and the Community Nurse
17/17
Resources
Air pollution and health risk. (1991, March). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/3_90_022.html
Assabumrungrat, S., Phromprasit, J., Boonkrue, S., Kiatkittipong, W., Wiyaratn, W., Soottitantawat, A., & Powell, J.(2012). ENERGY EFFICIENCY EVALUATION FOR A GREEN POWER GENERATION PROCESS WITH MINIMUM EFFORTON CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND STORAGE. Chemical Engineering Communications, 199(12), 1642-1651.doi:10.1080/00986445.2012.680218
Emissions of hazardous air pollutants from coal-fired power plants. (2011, March 7). Retrieved fromhttp://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/coal-fired-plant-hazards.pdf
Environmental Health & Engineering. (March 2011) http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/coal-fired-plant-hazards.pdf
Gohlke, J. M., Thomas, R., Woodward, A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Prss-stn, A., Hales, S., & Portier, C. J. (2011).Estimating the Global Public Health Implications of Electricity and Coal Consumption. Environmental HealthPerspectives, 119(6), 821-826. doi:10.1289/ehp.l00224l
Johnsson, F., Kjarstad, J., & Odenberger, M. (2012). THE IMPORTACE OF CO2 CAPTURE AND STORAGEAGEOPOLITICAL DISCUSSION. Thermal Science, 16(3), 655-668. doi:10.2298/TSCI120608135J
Morrty, S. (n.d.). What causes of air pollution?. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5389740_causes-air-pollution.html
Pollution prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/p2/
SourceWatch. (September 2012). Existing coal plants in Pennsylvania http://www.sourcewatch.org
"Toxic Air: The case for cleaning up coal-fired power plants." www.lung.org. American Lung Association, n.d. Web.12 Nov 2012.
Top Related