Africa as a Global Player in the Supply and Demand of Energy
Nithin SeenivasanFrank Südbeck
FH Aachen, Jülich. 4th November, 2011
Contents of the Presentation
1. Introduction2. Fossil Fuels in Africa3. Uranium in Africa4. Renewable Energies in Africa5. Problems plaguing Africa6. Possible Solutions7. Conclusion8. References
Facts About Africa I• Population:
– 920 Mio. people– 2,3% annual growth– Nigeria is the most populous
country (162,471,000 inhabitants)
• Size:– 30 322 573 km²– Algeria is the largest country
(2,381,741 km²)
Sources: UN, African Development Bank, creative commons
Facts About Africa II• GDP per Capita:
– Africa (average) 970 USD/a– Burundi 300 USD/a– Germany 35.700 USD/a
• Life expectancy:– Africa 54,4 years– Lesotho 45,6 years– Germany 80,1 years (retirement age 67)
Sources: CIA, African Development Bank
Energy in Africa
Source: uneca.org
Source: “Oil and Gas Journal”, 2005
Fossil Fuel in Africa
Proved Oil and Gas Reserves in Africa
Source: BP 19.10.2011
Source: Afrique Avenir – Rise of African oil production
Oil Production in Africa
Oil consumption
Source: BP
Although Africa has about 15% of the world‘s population and has a 12% share in global Oil Production it only consumes 3% of the globally consumed oil
Gas Production and Consumption in Africa
Potential
Huge Oil and gas fields are expected to be found in Africa:• Ghana, Kenia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania
and Uganda are currently investing for on- and offshore hydrocarbon exploration
• Not necessarily good news for Climate activists and CO2 reduction policies!
Coal Reserves
Source: BP Statistical review of world energy June 2010
Coal Production
• South Africa has Africa's only significant coal reserves.
• It had 2009 coal production of 250.02 million tonnes, 4.13% of the world total.
• South Africa is the world’s third largest coal exporting country, exporting around 25% of its production internationally
• Total proved reserves 80408 Mt.
Coal Consumption• Electricity generation accounts for 43% of all coal consumed in South Africa (1997 estimate).• Around 35% of liquid fuel used in South Africa is derived from coal • Still a primary energy source for cooking, lighting and heating in many lower income families
Uranium in Africa
Uranium Reserves
Source: World Nuclear Association
Source: BBC, Sept 2002
Renewable Energy in Africa
Solar Energy in Africa
Source: National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Solar Collectors Covering 0.3 Percent of the Sahara Could Power All of Europe
Source: Popular Science, 22 Jun 09
DESERTEC
Source: Desertec Foundation
Current Utilization of Solar Energy
Source: ngpowerenergyafrica.com
Wind Potential in Africa
Source: Global Energy Network Institute
Biomass in Africa
Biomass in Africa
Source: Charcoalproject.net
Hydropower Potential vs Installed Capacity
Source: www.africaelectricity.com
Hydropower
Ethiopias Millennium Dam Project:- 5,250 MW of electricity- 4.7 U$ Billion investment- Operation start planned for 2017
“If Africa is so richly endowed with natural resources and such a huge potential for renewable resources, why is it still not a Global Player in Energy export?”
The Trillian Dollar question
Problems Businesses FaceMost problematic factors for doing business in Africa
Political Risks
Source: Aon Risk Map, 2011
Political Risks – The Libya Example
Source: African Development Bank
Possible Solutions I
Millennium Development Goals“They are the eight international development goals that all 193 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015”
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerGoal 2: Achieve universal primary educationGoal 3: Promote gender equality and empower womenGoal 4: Reduce child mortality ratesGoal 5: Improve maternal healthGoal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseasesGoal 7: Ensure environmental sustainabilityGoal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Possible Solution II Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Source: greencleanguide.com
Conclusion
Africa has the theoretical Renewable Energy Potential to power the whole world, so there is no doubt that Africa is richly endowed with Energy Resources. But it’s biggest obstacle today is ITSELF, since political instability and poor governance hinders rapid development. The Global Community has the duty to help Africa solve its internal problems and to develop its Energy sector in a Clean and Sustainable way, for the Energy future and Environmental benefit of the world.
References
• http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Africa%20and%20Global%20Economic%20Trends-3Q2011.pdf
• http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/ADB_Pocketbook_2010_web.pdf
• http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Africa_Competitiveness_Report_2011-1.pdf
• http://www.dpe.gov.za/parliamentary-906• http://www.25degrees.net/index.php?option=com_zine&view=article&id=713:energy-in-
south-africa-at-a-glance&Itemid=123• http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf112.html• http://www.pwc.dk/da/publikationer/assets/renewable-electricity.pdf• http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/marrakech/EnergyConsumption.pdf• http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/coal/af/sa/p0005.htm• http://www.nrel.gov/gis/pdfs/swera/africa/africa_tilt.pdf• http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Full%20Document
%20-%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20in%20Africa.pdf
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