ADAPTING TO CHANGE IN THE ANDEAN
HIGHLANDS
Practices and Strategies to Address Climate and Market
Risks in Vulnerable Agro-Ecosystems
Participatory approachesParticipatory approaches
Time Line Development
Participatory Mapping
Community Large Group Discussions
Focus Groups
Themes that emerged
Spatial variability in the presentation of droughts, floods, frosts, and hail events
Concerns vary according to location, production activities, technological alternatives: loss of animals, loss of crops, raw materials
Increased food insecurity and loss of assets
Local knowledge systems uncertain
Participatory Consultations
Traditional cropping practices appear not to be viable: production techniques and local indicators.
Farming was increasingly vulnerable to the risks of climate variation: examples include increased risk of frost, longer dry and warmer spells.
Lack of markets, and market incentives that increase vulnerability.
Spiraling Down of Capitals
Decline in financial capital.
Decline in political capital
Spi
ralin
g do
wn
Global warming
Decline in natural capital
Decline in human capital(outmigration)
Decline in social capital
Decline in cultural capital
Decline in built capital
Spiraling of Capital Assets.
Spiraling
up
Human capital increases
Built capital (technology)
Social capital increases
Natural capital increases
Political capital increases
Cultural capital increases
Financial capital increases
Objectives (Research & Development) Objective 1: “Shared understanding of ecosystem,
social and economic drivers of change”. Develop measures and indicators of ecosystem and livelihood wellbeing through participatory research integrating disciplinary and holistic understanding of system’s constraints.
Objective 2: “Understand how livelihood strategies develop in response to perceptions of the relative risks of changes, and their assets” Evaluate farmer perceptions of soil conditions, production system changes, pests, diseases, and climate risks.
Objectives (cont.) Objective 3: “Explicitly link local and new
knowledge to produce practices and information alternatives for adapting to change”. Adapted varieties, soil and pest management practices, information.
Objective 4: “Market access strategies and institutions that contribute to resilience”. Evaluate markets to identify integration strategies that contribute to resilience.
Objective 5: “Strengthening and sharing capacities”. Increase the capacity for collaboration between communities and stakeholders.
Ancoraimes (Cantón) Province Omasuyos Department of La Paz. 135 Km NE La Paz City.Near the Lake at 3.850 m.a.s.l.
The Municipio of Umala, Province of Aroma, Central Altiplano of Bolivia. 3,900m a.s.l.
• Average temperature 11ºC; Rainfall: 350-400 mm• Crops and livestock; Main crop: potatoes, 3.4 ton/ha• Low input production system of potatoes, sheep and milk.
CropLivestock QDairy Cattle
Mainly CropsSome Livestock
An. LivestockCrop PS
SM. Crop Livestock
Lake,Crops and Informal Trade
Southern Peru – Participatory Rural AssessmentSouthern Peru – Participatory Rural AssessmentCommunities represent ethnicities, agroecosystem and productive
diversity of Peru’s Altiplano
Centro Internacional de la PapaUniversity of Missouri Columbia MUCIRNMA with Environment Unit WB
Political Capital
Cultural Capital
Natural Capital
Human Capital
Financial Capital
Social Capital
Healthy EcosystemVital Economy
Social Well-Being
Built Capital
Impact on one capital can lead to changes that spiral up or down across the capitals decreasing or increasing the related assets.
GlobalWarming
Global Warming
GlobalWarming
Methodologies Participatory – bridging knowledge systems; Integrating multiple approaches (La Paz 2006) Quantitative methods: field, household,
community, markets Field experiments in communities: early maturing
varieties (quinoa and potatoes); frost resistant varieties; moving planting dates; deficit irrigation
Biological surveys (Apolobamba, sampling pathogens); pest management strategies
Soil surveys; field experiments/demonstrations in the community
Data collection, analysis Data collection, analysis and and actionaction
• Prioritize the themes which lead to the desired future of the
community.
•Identify the relevant actors inside and outside the community.
•Collect secondary data about them
•Members of the community learn how to interview the relevant
interview the relevant actors (institutions/people)
•Feedback workshops and negotiation
•Strengthen the coalitions.
Collaborators and Stakeholders MU – DASS Households, markets, networks, risk MU – SNR Soils KSU – Pests and diseases U Connecticut – Climatology and forecasts ISU – Coalition Negotiation Capitals Fundación PROINPA – Indigenous crops – participatory approaches
- women groups - marketing strategies UMSA – College of Agronomy and Institute of Agricultural Research
Climatology & Production Systems UNALM - IPPS and MSc Innovation for Ag Development -
Participatory Methodologies CIPCA – Apolobamba CIP - NRM ecosystems & Pests and Diseases UNDP – civil society participation and climate change WFP – vulnerability mapping MAPA – USAID Market linkages
Challenges
First meeting of the team in La Paz to integrate approaches
Build synergies with on-going projectsto address funding limitations
Appraisal of Apolobamba as a third site in Bolivia
Southern Highlands Rural Communities
Multiple ShockEvents
DroughtsFrostsFloodsHailSnow
Multiple Successive Multiple Successive
YearsYears
FINDINGSFINDINGS
CapabilitiesStores
Resources Assets
ClaimsAnd
Access
Livelihoods
Climate, Markets, Livelihood Strategies and Assets
Markets
Non Market Institutions &
Networks
Climate
Policies
CapabilitiesCapabilities
AssetsAssets Natural CapitalNatural Capital
Soils, Climate, BiodiversitySoils, Climate, Biodiversity(Ecosystem Level)(Ecosystem Level)
Access & Control
Social Capital Networks &
Collective Action
(Community & Regional)
Sustainable Livelihoods in the Andes System Linkages and Priority Inquiry Areas
AssetsCultural & Human
Local & New Knowledge
SustainableSustainableLivelihoodsLivelihoods
Negotiating Climate and Market Negotiating Climate and Market Shocks & Stresses Shocks & Stresses
►►Globalization Globalization Vulnerability and RiskVulnerability and Risk
►►Technology IntegrationTechnology Integration
►►Biodiversity Conservation Biodiversity Conservation And Environmental ServicesAnd Environmental Services
►►Social and Institutional Social and Institutional Capacity BuildingCapacity Building
AssetsAssets Productive CapitalProductive CapitalFinancial CapitalFinancial Capital
(Household & Individual Level)(Household & Individual Level)
Practices and Strategies
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