Download - Ada p tation Committee - UNFCCCunfccc.int/files/adaptation/groups_committees/adaptation.../ac10_4a... · Tenth meeting of the Adaptation Committee Bonn, Germany, 13‐16 September

TenthmeetingoftheAdaptationCommitteeBonn,Germany,13‐16September2016

Reviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangements

undertheConventionin2017

Backgroundnotebythesecretariat

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Introduction 2 1. Objective 2 2. Context 2 3. Scopeofthereview 3 4. Initialmappingontheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsagainst5.

theneedsofParties 3 Possibleapproachforconductingthereview 4 6.

6.1. Termsofreferenceforthereview 4 6.2. Draftelementsforpreparingrecommendations 4 6.3. Posibleworkplantoundertakethereview 5

Possiblenextsteps 6 7.Annex1: DraftTermsofreferenceforthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutional

arrangementsundertheConvention 7 Annex2. Mappingontheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsunderthe ConventionagainsttheneedsofParties. 8

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7September 2016Agendaitem4(a)

RecommendedactionbytheAdaptationCommittee

TheAdaptationCommitteewillbeinvitedtoconsidertheinformationcontainedinthisbackgroundnote,whichisintendedtoserveasaninitialoverviewoftheinstitutionallandscapeofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionsundertheConventionandatprovidinganinputtothediscussionoftheAConhowtoorganizethereview.TheACwillbeinvitedtoagreeonnextstepstobeundertakenandatimeline.

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Introduction1.1. AspartoftheParisoutcomesonadaptation,theConferenceoftheParties(COP)requestedtheAdaptationCommittee(AC)toreview,in2017,theworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionwithaviewtoidentifyingwaystoenhancethecoherenceoftheirwork,inordertoadequatelyrespondtotheneedsofParties.Furthermore,theACwillpreparerecommendationsforconsiderationandadoptionbytheConferenceofthePartiesservingasthemeetingofPartiestotheParisAgreementatitsfirstsession(CMA1).1

Objective2.2. Theoutcomeofthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsisexpectedtoplayakeyroleinensuringthatasuitableinstitutionalarchitectureissetupforafullandeffectiveimplementationofclimatechangeadaptationaspectsoftheParisAgreement.ThereviewandtheresultingrecommendationswillfocusonadequatelyaddressingtheneedsofPartiesunderthenewclimatechangeregimebyenhancingcoherenceintheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention.

Context3.3. ThesignificanceattachedtotheadaptationagendabyPartiestotheConventionhasincreasedovertheyears.Thishasresultedinasurgeinthenumberofinstitutions,frameworks,workprogrammesandsupportmechanismsforadaptationthatPartieshaveestablishedundertheConvention(seefigure1belowforanoverviewofexistinginstitutionalarrangementsundertakingworkrelatedtoadaptationundertheConvention).

4. Effortstobringcoherencetotheworkoftheseinstitutionscametotheforein2010withthecreationoftheAdaptationCommitteetoserveasanoveralladvisorybodyonadaptationtotheConferenceoftheParties.SinceitsfirstmeetinginSeptember2012,theCommitteehasactivelypromotedtheimplementationofenhancedactiononadaptationinacoherentmanner.2Aspartofitsstandardoperatingmodalities,theAC,aftereachsessionoftheCOP,considersamappingofnewadaptation‐relevantmandates,withaviewtorecommendingwaystoenhancecoherenceandcollaborationamongtheconstitutedbodiesandotherinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention.Thishascontinuedtobeachallengeduetothediversityofissues,differentmandatedfocusareasoftheseinstitutionalarrangementsandlimitedavailableresources.

5. The2015Parisoutcomesintroducedaglobalgoalonadaptation,adaptationcommunications,anddistributedvariousadaptation‐relatedmandatestomultipleinstitutionsundertheConvention.Withtheseadditions,Partiesrecognizedthatthecurrentinstitutionalarchitecturewouldneedtobereviewed.

1Decision1/CP.21,paragraph42(a).22015overviewreport:<https://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/application/pdf/or_highres.pdf>.


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Figure1. Anoverviewofexistinginstitutionalarrangementsundertakingadaptation‐relatedworkundertheConvention

Source:UNFCCC

Scopeofthereview4.6. Thereviewwillbelimitedtotheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionandbeconductedinrelationtotheneedsofPartiesunderthepost‐Parisclimatechangeregime.ItwillincludeallrelevantexistingmandatesbytheCOPandthesubsidiarybodies(SBs),aswellasthoseintheParisAgreement.

7. Inthiscontext,thereviewconsidersinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention,whoseprimarymandateistoenhanceadaptationactionandsupport(forexampletheAC,theLeastDevelopedCountryExpertGroup(LEG),theNairobiWorkProgramme(NWP),theExecutiveCommitteeoftheWarsawInternationalMechanismonLossandDamage(WIM))andthosearrangementswhosemandatesarebroaderbutalsoincludeenhancingadaptationactionandsupporttovaryingdegrees(forexampletheConsultativeGroupofExpertsonNationalCommunicationsfromPartiesnotincludedinAnnexItotheConvention(CGE),theoperatingentitiesundertheFinancialMechanism,theTechnologyExecutiveCommittee(TEC),theClimateTechnologyCentreandNetwork(CTCN)andtheParisCommitteeonCapacity‐Building(PCCB)).

Initialmappingontheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutional5.arrangementsagainsttheneedsofParties

8. WithoutattemptingtoprejudgethedecisionthattheACwouldtakeafterconsideringthismandateatits10thmeeting,thesecretariathaspreparedaninitialmappingoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionagainstbroadcategoriesofneedsofPartiesinthepost‐Parisregimeandalsoagainstthecurrentmainfunctionsofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangements


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(seeannex2).3Forthepurposeoftheinitialmapping,thesecretariatgroupedneedsofPartiesalongthefollowingcategories.

a) Data,informationandknowledgerelatedtoadaptationactionandsupport.Thisalsoincludeseffortstoenhancecooperation/collaboration.

b) Technicalsupportandguidancerelatedtoadaptationactionandsupport;

c) Finance,technologyandcapacity‐building;

d) Assessmentofadequacy,effectivenessandprogresstowardstheadaptationgoal;

e) RecognitionofadaptationeffortsfordevelopingcountryParties

9. Thisinitialmappingbythesecretariatisaimedatprovidinganoverviewoftheinstitutionallandscapeofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionsundertheConventionandatprovidinganinputtothediscussionoftheAConhowtoorganizethereview,includingclusteringandassessingthevariousneedsofParties.NeedsmayalsobecategorizedalongthevariousparagraphsofArticle7,includingbutnotlimitedtoparagraphs7and9.

10. Thereviewofinstitutionalarrangementsin2017willseektoidentify:

a) Possibleareasofoverlapand/orduplicationinaddressingtheneedsofParties;

b) Needsthatmaynotbeadequatelyaddressedbycurrentinstitutionalarrangements;

c) Existingrelationshipsandconnectionsbetweenthevariousadaptationrelatedinstitutionalarrangementsandagendaitems;

d) ThelevelofcoherenceandeffectivenessinwhichadaptationisbeingaddressedundertheConvention

Possibleapproachforconductingthereview6.

6.1. Termsofreferenceforthereview

11. RecentlyconductedreviewsundertheConventionhavebenefittedfromsubmissionsfromPartiesandotherstakeholders.Theyalsoincludedasynthesisreportonthesesubmissionsintheirtermsofreference(ToR).

12. ExamplesofrecentlyconductedreviewsundertheConventionincludethereviewofinstitutionalarrangementsaddressingLossandDamage(2013);theDohaWorkprogrammeonArticle6oftheConvention(2013)aswellastheongoingreviewsofthefunctionsoftheSCF(2016‐2017)andofthestructure,mandateandeffectivenessoftheLossandDamageMechanism(2016).

13. Basedontheselessonslearnedandthescopeofthisreview,drafttermsofreferenceforconductingthereviewareincludedinannex1.

6.2. Draftelementsforpreparingrecommendations

14. Thereviewmaybeundertakenwithaviewtoelaboratingpossibletypesofrecommendations,includingto:

a) Enhancecollaborationintheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsforgreaterefficiencyandeffectiveness.Thiscouldbeachievedthrough:

i) Strengtheninginter‐linkagesbetweeninstitutionalarrangements,e.g.,theestablishmentofcross‐institutionaltaskforcestobenefitfromexpertiseandexperiencesofotherinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention;

3ItissuggestedthattheACalsobearinmindtheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionsoutsidetheConventionwhenconductingthereviewin2017.


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ii) Enhancedcommunicationbetweeninstitutionalarrangementsbyincreasingopportunitiestoinformandbeinformedoftheworkofothersasawayoflearningfromeachotherandavoidingtheduplicationofefforts;

iii) Clearjointmandatesandresponsibilities,includingjointpapersandmeetings.

b) Avoidduplicationsandoverlapsbyrefining/clarifyingmandates/ToRsofexistinginstitutionalarrangementsand/orarequesttoalignworkplansandworkplanactivities;

c) Wherenecessary,assignnewtasks(mandates)toasuitableexistinginstitutionalarrangement,takingintoaccountitsmandateand/orworkplan,asawayofaddressinggapsinadaptation‐relatedwork.

6.3. Posibleworkplantoundertakethereview

What How Who WhenTermsofreferenceforthereview

RevisethedraftToRsbasedonfeedbackfromanddecisionsbytheACatAC10

SecretariatundertheguidanceoftheAC

By30September2016

Templateforsubmissions

PrepareatemplateforsubmissionsbasedonguidancefromtheAC

ACReviewworkinggroupassistedbytheSecretariat

By30September2016

Callforsubmissions

Issueacallforsubmissions SecretariatundertheguidanceoftheACReviewworkinggroup

By30September2016withthecallbeingopenuntil31December2016

Analysisofthesubmissionsandadditionalmappingofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsagainsttheneedsofParties

Conductananalysisofthesubmissionsandotherrelevantinformationtoidentify:‐Possibleareasofoverlapand/orduplicationinaddressingtheneedsofParties;‐Needsthatmaynotbeadequatelyaddressedbycurrentinstitutionalarrangements;‐Existingrelationshipsandconnectionsbetweenthevariousadaptationrelatedinstitutionalarrangementsandagendaitems;‐ThelevelofcoherenceandeffectivenessinwhichadaptationisbeingaddressedundertheConvention.

SecretariatundertheguidanceoftheACReviewworkinggroup

ByAC11

Synthesisreport Prepareasynthesisreportdrawingfromtheanalysisofthesubmissions,backgroundpaper,annualreportsandworkplansofrelatedIAs

SecretariatundertheguidanceoftheACReviewworkinggroup

By28May2017

Draftrecommendations

Basedonthescopeofthismandate,theoutcomeofthemappinganalysisandthesynthesisreport,preparedraftrecomendationsthattheACcouldpresenttoCMA1forconsiderationandadoption

AC Reviewworkinggroupassistedbythesecretariat

By31July2017

Finalrecommendations

BasedonfeedbackandfurtherguidancefromtheAC,preparefinalrecommendationsfortheACtopresenttoCMA1

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Possiblenextsteps7.15. Takingintoaccountinformationcontainedinthisbackgroundnote,theACmaywishtodiscussandagreeonnextstepstowardsthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionin2017asmandatedbytheCOP.Inparticular,theACmayconsider:

a) ThescopeandunderlyingmethodologiesofthereviewandthescopeoftherecommendationscontainedintheToRs;

b) Theworkplanforthedevelopmentofrecommendationsincludingthepossibletimelineasoutlineinthetableabove,including:

i) RequestingthesecretariattofinalizethedraftToRsforthereview,takingintoconsiderationdiscussionsatits10thmeetingonthisitem,andcirculatetotheCommitteeby30September2016;

ii) IssuingacallforsubmissionfromPartiesandotherstakeholders;

iii) Settingupaworkinggrouptoprepare:

a. Thetemplateforsubmissions;

b. Asynthesisreportonthesubmissions;

c. Draftrecommendations.


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Annex1: DraftTermsofreferenceforthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention

Mandate11.

1. AspartoftheParisoutcomesonadaptation,theConferenceofthePartiesrequestedtheAdaptationCommittee(AC)toreview,in2017,theworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionwithaviewtoidentifyingwaystoenhancethecoherenceoftheirwork,inordertoadequatelyrespondtotheneedsofParties.Furthermore,theACwillpreparerecommendationsforconsiderationandadoptionbytheConferenceofthePartiesservingasameetingofPartiestotheParisAgreementatitsfirstsession(CMA1).

Objective2.2. Theoutcomeofthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsisexpectedtoplayakeyroleinensuringthatasuitableinstitutionalarchitectureissetupforafullandeffectiveimplementationofclimatechangeadaptationaspectsoftheParisAgreement.ThereviewandtheresultingrecommendationswillfocusonadequatelyaddressingtheneedsofPartiesunderthenewclimatechangeregimebyenhancingcoherenceintheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention.

Informationsources3.3. Informationforthereviewoftheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsshouldbedrawnfrom,interalia:

a) Annualreportsofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionsundertheConventionsubmittedtotheCOP;

b) Mostrecentworkplansofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangements,especiallythosepreparedorrevisedtakingintoconsiderationmandatesandneedsofPartiesduringtheimplementationoftheParisAgreement;

c) SubmissionsfromPartiesandotherstakeholdersinresponsetoacallbytheAC.

Modalitiesofthereviewandexpectedoutcomes4.4. UndertheguidanceoftheACandtheReviewworkinggroup,thesecretariatwillprepareforconsiderationatAC11(February/March2017)ananalysisofthesubmissionsandadditionalmappingofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsagainsttheneedsofParties.

5. FollowingconsiderationsatAC11,thesecretariat,undertheguidanceoftheReviewworkinggroup,willprepareasynthesispaperdrawingfromtheanalysisofsubmissions,annualreportsandworkplansasperparagraph3above.

6. TheACreviewgroupwillthenpreparedraftrecommendationsonwaystoenhancecoherenceintheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionandtorespondtotheneedsofPartiesunderthenewclimateregimeforinter‐sessionalconsiderationandfinalizationatAC12.

1Decision1/CP.21,paragraph42(a)

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Annex2. Mappingontheworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConventionagainsttheneedsofParties.

ClusterofneedsofPartiesinrelationtotheParisAgreementData,informationandknowledgerelatedtoadaptationactionandsupport.Includingeffortstoenhancecooperation/collaboration

Technicalsupportandguidancerelatedtoadaptationactionandsupport

Finance,technologyandcapacity‐building

Assessmentofadequacy,effectivenessandprogresstowardsadaptationgoal

RecognitionofeffortsofdevelopingcountryParties

AdaptationCommittee:PartiesestablishedtheAdaptationCommittee(AC)in2010topromotetheimplementationofenhancedactiononadaptationinacoherentmannerundertheConvention.Sharingofrelevantinformation,knowledge,experienceandgoodpracticesPromotingsynergyandstrengtheningengagementwithnational,regionalandinternationalorganizations,centresandnetworks;

ProvidingtechnicalsupportandguidancetothePartiesConsideringinformationcommunicatedbyPartiesontheirmonitoringandreviewofadaptationactions,supportprovidedandreceived

Providinginformationandrecommendations,drawingonadaptationgoodpractices,forconsiderationbytheCOPwhenprovidingguidanceonmeanstoincentivizetheimplementationofadaptationactions,includingfinance,technologyandcapacity‐building1/CP.21,para42(b):ToconsidermethodologiesforassessingadaptationneedswithaviewtoassistingdevelopingcountryParties,withoutplacinganundueburdenonthem.45:ACandLEG,incollaborationwiththeSCFandotherrelevantinstitutions,todevelopmethodologies,andmakerecommendationsfor...CMA1for:(a)‐TakingthenecessarystepstofacilitatethemobilizationofsupportforadaptationindevelopingcountriesinthecontextofthelimittoglobalaveragetemperatureincreasereferredtoinArticle2oftheAgreement.

1/CP.21,para.42(a):Toreview,in2017,theworkofadaptation‐relatedinstitutionalarrangementsundertheConvention,withaviewtoidentifyingwaystoenhancethecoherenceoftheirwork,asappropriate,inordertorespondadequatelytotheneedsofParties(b)ReviewingtheadequacyandeffectivenessofadaptationandsupportreferredtoinArticle7,paragraph14(c),oftheAgreement.

1/CP.21,para.41:ACandtheLEGtojointlydevelopmodalitiestorecognizetheadaptationeffortsofdevelopingcountryParties,asreferredtoinArt.7.3oftheAgreement,…forCMA1

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TheLeastDevelopedCountriesExpertGroup(LEG)wasestablishedbytheCOPin2001toprovidetechnicalsupportandadvicetotheleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)onthenationaladaptationprogrammesofaction(NAPAs)andtheLDCworkprogramme,andtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandsupporttothenationaladaptationplan(NAP)process.Relevantfunctionsandmandates:TheLEG,inaccordancewithparagraphs1and2Oof19/CP.21,whendevelopingitstwo‐yearrollingworkprogrammetotakeintoaccountthecompilationofelementscontainedinannexItodocumentFCCC/SBI/2015/8andthecompilationofgapsandneedsintheLDCsconsideredatSBI44InvitestheLEGtoinviterepresentativesofglobalprogrammes,projectsand/ornetworksthatsupporttheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPstoitsmeetings,asappropriate,asawaytopromotetheexchangeofexperiencesandlessonslearned

19/CPp.21,para2a:LEGtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceontheintegrationofclimatechangeadaptationintonationalplanningandthedevelopmentofprogrammesthataddressbothobjectivesoftheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPs19/CP.21,para2b:LEGtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceonregionalapproachestoadaptationplanning;19/CP.21,para2d:LEGtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceontheneedsrelatedtoadaptationthatmayarisefromtheParisAgreementandthedecisionsadoptedbyCOP21,asdeterminedbyParties19/CP.21:LEGtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceonthedevelopmentofprogrammesthataddressesbothobjectivesoftheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPs19/CP.21,para3:LEGtoconsider

1/CP.21,para45aACandtheLEG,incollaborationwiththeSCFandotherrelevantinstitutions,todevelopmethodologiesontakingthenecessarystepstofacilitatethemobilizationofsupportforadaptationindevelopingcountriesinthecontextofthelimittoglobalaveragetemperatureincreasereferredtoinArticle2oftheAgreement,andmakerecommendationsforconsiderationandadoptionbyCMA14/CP.21,para10:TheLEGandtheACtoconsiderhowtheycanprovidemoreinformationonaccessingfundingfromtheGCFfortheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPsandtoincludesuchinformation,asappropriate,intheirreports19/CP.21,para2c:LEGtoprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceonaccessingfundingfromtheGCFfortheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPsincollaborationwiththeGCFsecretariat

1/CP.21,para45b:ACandtheLEG,incollaborationwiththeSCFandotherrelevantinstitutions,todevelopmethodologiesonreviewingtheadequacyandeffectivenessofadaptationandsupportreferredtoinArticle7,paragraph14(c),oftheAgreement,andmakerecommendationsforconsiderationandadoptionbyCMA14/CP.21,para12dTheLEG,incollaborationwiththeAC,toorganizeameetingofPartyexperts,atwhichthereportreferredtoinparagraph12(c)ofdecision4/CP.21wouldbeconsidered,withaviewtoprovidingasummaryofprogressmadeintheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPs4/CP.21,para12e:TheLEG,incollaborationwiththeACandwiththesupportofthesecretariat,toprepareareportonthemeetingreferredtoinparagraph12(d)of4/CP.21,forconsiderationbySBI48initsassessmentofprogressmadein

1/CP.21,para41:ACandtheLEGtojointlydevelopmodalitiestorecognizetheadaptationeffortsofdevelopingcountryParties,asreferredtoinArticle7,paragraph3,oftheAgreement,andmakerecommendationsforconsiderationandadoptionbyCMA1

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theneedtoupdatetheLDCworkprogrammeandtomakerecommendationsforconsiderationbySBI48,withaviewtothoserecommendationsbeingforwardedtotheCOP24,asappropriate5/CP.17,para13:ToprovidetechnicalguidanceandsupporttotheprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPs6/CP.16,para2a:ToprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceontherevisionandupdateofNAPAs,tofurtherimprovetheirquality,tofacilitatetheintegrationofadaptationactionsofLDCPartiesintodevelopmentplanningandtoreflectincreasedadaptationknowledgeandchangedprioritiesinthecountries,uponrequestbyLDCParties6/CP.16,para2b:Toprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceontheidentificationofmedium‐andlong‐termadaptationneeds,theirintegrationintodevelopmentplanningandtheimplementationofidentifiedadaptationactivities

theprocesstoformulateandimplementNAPs5/CP.17,para34:TheLEG(theAdaptationCommitteeandotherrelevantbodiesundertheConvention)toincludeinformationintheirreportsonhowtheyhaverespondedtotherequestsmadeinthisdecisionandontheiractivitiesrelevanttotheNAPprocess,aspertheirrespectivemandates

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6/CP.16,para2c:Toprovidetechnicalguidanceandadviceonstrengtheninggender‐relatedconsiderationsandconsiderationsregardingvulnerablecommunitieswithinleastdevelopedcountryParties

TheWarsawinternationalmechanismforlossanddamagewasestablishedbytheCOPin2013toaddresslossanddamageassociatedwithimpactsofclimatechange,includingextremeeventsandslowonsetevents,indevelopingcountriesthatareparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeDec.2/CP.19Para5(alsoseepara7)a)Enhancingknowledgeandunderstandingofcomprehensiveriskmanagementapproachestoaddresslossanddamageassociatedwiththeadverseeffectsofclimatechange,includingslowonsetimpacts(i–iii)b)Strengtheningdialogue,coordination,coherenceandsynergiesamongrelevantstakeholders(i&ii)

Dec.1/CP.21,para48Aclearinghouseforrisktransfertoserveasarepositoryforinformationoninsuranceandrisktransfer

Dec.2/CP.19Para5(Alsoseepara7)c)Enhancingactionandsupport,includingfinance,technologyandcapacity‐building,toaddresslossanddamageassociatedwiththeadverseeffectsofclimatechange,soastoenablecountriestoundertakeactionspursuanttodecision3/CP.18,paragraph6(i‐iii)

Dec.1/CP.21,para49TaskforcetodrawupontheworkofandinvolvetheACandLEGtodeveloprecommendationsforintegratedapproachestoavert,minimizeandaddressdisplacementrelatedtotheadverseimpactsofclimatechange

ec2/CP.19,5(c)(ii)ProvisionofinformationandrecommendationsforconsiderationbytheConferenceofthePartieswhenprovidingguidancerelevanttoreducingtherisksoflossanddamage,wherenecessary,addressinglossanddamage,includingtotheoperatingentitiesofthefinancialmechanismoftheConvention,asappropriate;5(c)(iii)Facilitatingthemobilizationandsecuringofexpertise,andenhancementofsupport,includingfinance,technologyandcapacity‐building,tostrengthenexistingapproachesand,wherenecessary,facilitatethedevelopmentandimplementationofadditionalapproachestoaddresslossand

2/CP.19,para15DecidestoreviewtheWarsawinternationalmechanism,includingitsstructure,mandateandeffectiveness,atthetwenty‐secondsessionoftheConferenceoftheParties,withaviewtoadoptinganappropriatedecisionontheoutcomeofthisreview

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damageassociatedwithclimatechangeimpacts,includingextremeweathereventsandslowonsetevents

TheNairobiworkprogrammewasestablishedatCOP11(December2005),throughdecision2/CP.11,asamechanismundertheConventiontofacilitateandcatalyzethedevelopmentanddisseminationofinformationandknowledgethatwouldinformandsupportadaptationpoliciesandpracticesSBSTA40(FCCC/SBSTA/2014/2,paragraph13)concludedfollowingactivities:(a)EnhancingcollaborationwithglobalandregionalknowledgenetworksandNWPpartnerorganizationsinordertostrengthentheproductionanddisseminationofknowledgeonadaptation;(b)InvitingregionalcentresandnetworkstoserveasregionalknowledgeplatformsfortheimplementationoftheactivitiesundertheNWP(c)Consideringweb‐basedactivitiesthatwouldengageabroaderrangeofstakeholders,andelectronicmeansofdisseminationofknowledgeproductsoftheNWPSBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para14):concludedthatactivitiesundertheNWPshouldintegratetheconsiderationofvulnerablecommunitiesinadditiontogenderissues,traditionalknowledge,knowledgeof

SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para13):recognizedtheroleoftheNWPinprovidingsupportintheareasofadaptationknowledgeandrelatedstakeholderengagementtootherworkstreamsandconstitutedbodiesundertheConventionandnotedthepotentialroleitcanplayinnewprocessesundertheParisAgreementanddecision1/CP.21.Inthisregard,theSBSTAinvitedtheAC,theLEGandotherrelevantbodies,inaccordancewiththeirmandatesandfunctions,toconsiderprovidingrecommendationsforactivitiestobeundertakenundertheNWPinsupportingtheseprocesses.SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para16): RquestedthesecretariattoundertakeactivitiesrecommendedbytheACandtheLEGundertheguidanceoftheChairoftheSBSTA.TheactivitiesrequestedbytheLEGinclude

SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para18): invitedNWPpartnerorganizationsandotherrelevantorganizations,includingtheIPCC,tosubmittothesecretariat,by20September2017,informationonindicatorsofadaptationandresilienceatthenationaland/orlocallevelorforspecificsectors.TheSBSTArequestedthesecretariattoutilizethosesubmissionstoinformthemeetingthattheACagreedtoconvenein2018forexchangingviewsonnationaladaptationgoalsandindicatorsandhowtheyrelatetogoalsandindicatorsforsustainabledevelopmentanddisasterriskreductioninthecontextoftheSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReduction2015–2030

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indigenouspeoplesandlocalknowledgesystems,andtheroleofandimpactsonecosystems,whereappropriate.SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para15)agreedactivitiestobeundertakenbetween2016‐2018toinformadaptationplanningandactionsattheregional,nationalandsubnationallevels,particularlyinrelationto,interalia,ecosystems,humansettlements,waterresources,healthandeconomicdiversification.SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para19): requestedthesecretariattofostercollaborationamong,interalia,policymakers;researchandscientificcommunities,includingtheIPCC;practitionersandfinancialinstitutionssoastocontributetoclosingadaptationknowledgegapsatthenationalandsubnationallevels.SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,para20): Requestedthesecretariattoengageregionalcentresandnetworksinundertakingknowledge‐sharingandtrainingactivitiesanddisseminatingtheoutcomesattheregional,nationalandsubnationallevels.SBSTA44(FCCC/SBSTA/2016/2,

activities,tosupportNAPswithinputsfromNWPpartners.

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para20):concludedseveralactionstoenhancethedisseminationofknowledgegeneratedundertheNWPandimprovelearningtoscaleupadaptationactionsatalllevels.SBSTA42(FCCC/SBSTA/2015/5,para14)TheSBSTArecognizedtherolefortheAdaptationKnowledgePortalinenhancingthedisseminationofknowledgedevelopedundertheNWP,theACandtheExecutiveCommitteeoftheWarsawInternationalMechanismforLossandDamageassociatedwithClimateChangeImpacts,includingcontributionsmadebyParties,Nairobiworkprogrammepartnerorganizations,andregionalcentresandnetworksSBSTA41(FCCC/SBSTA/2014/5,para18):‐EngagerelevantNWPpartnerorganizations,includingregionalcentresandnetworks,instrengtheningcommunitiesofpracticeandnetworksatdifferentlevels,aswellasinsharinggoodpracticesandtoolsatkeymeetingsandevents,asappropriate;‐Consider,inrelevantknowledgeproductsundertheNairobiworkprogramme,theimportanceofintegratinggender‐sensitiveapproachesandtools,andlocal,

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indigenousandtraditionalknowledgeandpracticesintonationaladaptationplans,includingbyinvolvingholdersoflocal,indigenousandtraditionalknowledge,asappropriate.SBSTA41(FCCC/SBSTA/2014/5,para19):encouragedthereplicationoftheLimaAdaptationKnowledgeInitiativeinothersubregions,particularlyinvulnerabledevelopingcountriessuchastheLDCs,smallislanddevelopingStatesandinAfricaforprioritizingandcatalysingresponsestosubregion‐andtheme‐specificadaptationknowledgeneeds.TheConsultativeGroupofExpertsonNationalCommunicationsfromPartiesnotincludedinAnnexItotheConvention(CGE)wasestablishedbytheCOPin1999withtheobjectiveofimprovingtheprocessofpreparationofnationalcommunicationsfromnon‐AnnexIParties:Relevantfunctionsandmandates:Decision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(d):Providerecommendations,asappropriate,onelementstobeconsideredinafuturerevisionoftheguidelinesforthepreparationofnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereportsDecision19/CP.19,annex,

Decision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(g):Provideinformationandtechnicaladvicebasedon,wherepossible,lessonslearnedandbestpracticesintheprocessofandpreparationofnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereportsbynon‐AnnexIParties

Decision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(b):Providetechnicalassistanceandsupporttonon‐AnnexIPartiestofacilitatetheprocessofandpreparationoftheirnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereports

Decision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(c):Providetechnicaladvicetonon‐AnnexIPartiesto

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paragraph2(e):ProvidetechnicaladviceandsupporttoParties,uponrequest,andinformationonexistingactivitiesandprogrammes,includingbilateral,regionalandmultilateralsourcesoffinancialandtechnicalassistance,tofacilitateandsupportthepreparationofnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereports

Decision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(f):ProvidetechnicaladviceandsupporttoParties,uponrequest,ontheprovisionofinformationonstepstointegrateclimatechangeconsiderationsintorelevantsocial,economicandenvironmentalpoliciesandactions

IdentifyandprovidetechnicalassistanceregardingproblemsandconstraintsthathaveaffectedtheprocessofandthepreparationofnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereportsDecision19/CP.19,annex,paragraph2(i):Developandorganize…appropriatetrainingprogrammesfornominatedtechnicalexperts…basedonthemostupdatedtrainingmaterials”

facilitatethedevelopmentandlong‐termsustainabilityofprocessesofthepreparationofnationalcommunicationsandbiennialupdatereports

PartiesestablishedtheTechnologyMechanism(TM)in2010undertheConventiontofacilitateenhancedactionontechnologydevelopmentandtransfer.ItconsistsofaTechnologyExecutiveCommittee(TEC)andaClimateTechnologyCentreandNetwork(CTCN).TheTECisthepolicyarmoftheTManditsrelevantfunctionsinclude:Provideanoverviewofcountries’technologyneedsandananalysisofpolicyandtechnicalissuesrelatedtoclimatetechnologydevelopmentandtransfer;Promoteandfacilitatecollaborationbetweenclimate

CatalyzethedevelopmentanduseoftechnologyroadmapsoractionplansRecommendguidanceonclimatetechnologypoliciesandprogrammesRecommendactionstopromoteclimatetechnologydevelopment

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technologystakeholders

Seekcooperationwithstakeholdersandpromotecoherenceacrosstechnologyactivities

andtransfer

Recommendactionstoaddressbarrierstoclimatetechnologydevelopmentandtransfer

TheCTCNfacilitatesthetransferoftechnologies.Relevantmandatesandfunctions:DecidesthattheClimateTechnologyCentreshallfacilitateanetworkofnational,regional,sectoralandinternationaltechnologynetworks,organizationsandinitiativeswithaviewtoengagingtheparticipantsoftheNetworkeffectivelyinthefollowingfunctions:(v)Identifying,disseminatingandassistingwithdevelopinganalyticaltools,policiesandbestpracticesforcountry‐drivenplanningtosupportthedisseminationofenvironmentallysoundtechnologies;

DecidesthattheClimateTechnologyCentreshallfacilitateanetworkofnational,regional,sectoralandinternationaltechnologynetworks,organizationsandinitiativeswithaviewtoengagingtheparticipantsoftheNetworkeffectivelyinthefollowingfunctions:(b)Stimulatingandencouraging,throughcollaborationwiththeprivatesector,publicinstitutions,academiaandresearchinstitutions,thedevelopmentandtransferofexistingandemergingenvironmentallysoundtechnologies,aswellasopportunitiesforNorth–South,South–Southandtriangulartechnologycooperation;(c)Facilitatinganetworkofnational,regional,sectoralandinternationaltechnologycentres,networks,organizationandinitiativeswithaviewto:(i)Enhancingcooperationwith

DecidesthattheClimateTechnologyCentreshallfacilitateanetworkofnational,regional,sectoralandinternationaltechnologynetworks,organizationsandinitiativeswithaviewtoengagingtheparticipantsoftheNetworkeffectivelyinthefollowingfunctions:(a)AttherequestofadevelopingcountryParty:(i)Providingadviceandsupportrelatedtotheidentificationoftechnologyneedsandtheimplementationofenvironmentallysoundtechnologies,practicesandprocesses;(ii)Facilitatingtheprovisionofinformation,trainingandsupportforprogrammestobuildorstrengthencapacityofdevelopingcountriestoidentifytechnologyoptions,maketechnologychoicesandoperate,maintainandadapttechnology;

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national,regionalandinternationaltechnologycentresandrelevantnationalinstitutions;(ii)FacilitatinginternationalpartnershipsamongpublicandprivatestakeholderstoacceleratetheinnovationanddiffusionofenvironmentallysoundtechnologiestodevelopingcountryParties;

(iv)StimulatingtheestablishmentoftwinningcentrearrangementstopromoteNorth–South,South–Southandtriangularpartnerships,withaviewtoencouragingcooperativeresearchanddevelopment;

(iii)FacilitatingpromptactiononthedeploymentofexistingtechnologyindevelopingcountryPartiesbasedonidentifiedneeds;

(c)(iii)Providing,attherequestofadevelopingcountryParty,in‐countrytechnicalassistanceandtrainingtosupportidentifiedtechnologyactionsindevelopingcountryParties;

Article11oftheConventiondefinedafinancialmechanismtoprovidefinancialresourcesfromdevelopedcountriestosupportactionsbydevelopingcountriesinaddressingclimatechange.PartiesestablishedtheGreenClimateFund(GCF)in2010aspartoftheCancunAgreementsasanotheroperatingentityofthefinancialmechanisminadditiontotheGEF.Partiesdecidedthatasignificantshareofnewmultilateralfundingforadaptation(providedthroughathematicwindows)shouldflowthroughtheGCF.BoardtoinitiateaprocesstocollaboratewiththeAdaptationCommitteeandtheTechnologyExecutiveCommittee,aswellasotherrelevantthematicbodiesundertheConvention,todefinelinkagesbetweentheFundandthesebodies,asappropriate;

Decision1/CP.16,100AsignificantshareofnewmultilateralfundingforadaptationshouldflowthroughtheGCF;Decision3/CP.17,annex,paragraph50TheBoardwillbalancetheallocationofresourcesbetweenadaptationandmitigationactivitiesundertheFundand

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ensureappropriateallocationofresourcesforotheractivitiesDecision3/CP.17,17BoardtoinitiateaprocesstocollaboratewiththeAdaptationCommitteeandtheTechnologyExecutiveCommittee,aswellasotherrelevantthematicbodiesundertheConvention,todefinelinkagesbetweentheFundandthesebodies,asappropriate

CountriesentrustedtheoperationofthefinancialmechanismtotheGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF)onanongoingbasis,subjecttorevieweveryfouryears.TheGEFoperatesthreefundssupportingadaptationtoavaryingdegree:thesearetheGEFTrustFund,theLDCFandtheSCCF.

Decision5/CP.7,7TheimplementationofthefollowingactivitiesshallbesupportedthroughtheGEFandotherbilateralandmultilateralsources:(b)VulnerabilityandadaptationDecision5/CP.7,12Leastdevelopedcountriesfund(LDCF)(inaccordancewithdecision7/CP.7),tobeoperatedbyanentityentrustedwiththeoperationofthefinancialmechanism,undertheguidanceoftheCOP,tosupporttheworkprogrammefortheleastdevelopedcountries.Thisworkprogrammeshallinclude,interalia,thepreparationandimplementationofnational

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adaptationprogrammesofaction;Decision7/CP.7,2Specialclimatechangefund(SCCF)tofinanceactivities,programmesandmeasures,relatingtoclimatechange,thatarecomplementarytothosefundedbytheresourcesallocatedtotheclimatechangefocalareaofGEFandbybilateralandmultilateralfunding,inthefollowingare:(a)Adaptation,inaccordancewithparagraph8ofdecision5/CP.7;Decision5/CP.7,7TheimplementationofthefollowingactivitiesshallbesupportedthroughtheGEF(inaccordancewithdecision6/CP.7)andotherbilateralandmultilateralsources:(b)Vulnerabilityandadaptation:(i)Supportingenablingactivitiesforvulnerabilityandadaptationassessment;(ii)Enhancingtechnicaltrainingforintegratedclimatechangeimpactandvulnerabilityandadaptationassessmentsacrossallrelevantsectors,andenvironmentalmanagementrelatedtoclimatechange;(iii)Enhancingcapacity,includinginstitutionalcapacity,to

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integrateadaptationintosustainabledevelopmentprogrammes;(iv)Promotingthetransferofadaptationtechnologies;(v)Establishingpilotordemonstrationprojectstoshowhowadaptationplanningandassessmentcanbepracticallytranslatedintoprojectsthatwillproviderealbenefits,andmaybeintegratedintonationalpolicyandsustainabledevelopmentplanning,onthebasisofinformationprovidedinthenationalcommunicationsfromnon‐AnnexIPartiesand/orotherrelevantsources,andofthestagedapproachendorsedbytheConferenceofthePartiesinitsdecision11/CP.1;(vi)Supportingcapacitybuilding,includinginstitutionalcapacity,forpreventivemeasures,planning,preparednessofdisastersrelatingtoclimatechange,includingcontingencyplanning,inparticular,fordroughtsandfloodsinareaspronetoextremeweatherevents;

(vii)Strengtheningexistingand,whereneeded,establishingearlywarningsystemsforextremeweathereventsinanintegratedandinterdisciplinarymannertoassistdevelopingcountryParties,

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inparticularthosemostvulnerabletoclimatechange;

TheStandingCommitteeonFinance(SCF)wasestablishedbyPartiesin2010toassisttheCOPinexercisingitsfunctionsinrelationtotheFinancialMechanismoftheConvention.Relevantfunctionsandmandates:Decision2/CP.17,121(a)Organizingaforumforthecommunicationandcontinuedexchangeofinformationamongbodiesandentitiesdealingwithclimatechangefinanceinordertopromotelinkagesandcoherence;Decision2/CP.17,121(a)Preparingabiennialassessment,overviewofclimatefinanceflows(BA),toincludeinformationonthegeographicalandthematicbalanceofsuchflows,drawingonavailablesourcesofinformation,includingnationalcommunicationsandbiennialreportsofbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountryParties,informationprovidedintheregistry,informationprovidedbyPartiesonassessmentsoftheirneeds,reportspreparedbytheoperatingentitiesofthefinancialmechanism,andinformationavailablefromotherentitiesprovidingclimatechangefinance;Decision3/CP.19,11Inthecontextofthereparationof

Decision2/CP.17,para.121(c)ProvidingtotheCOPdraftguidancefortheoperatingentitiesoftheFinancialMechanismoftheConvention,withaviewtoimprovingtheconsistencyandpracticalityofsuchguidance;Decision2/CP.17,para.121(d)Makingrecommendationsonhowtoimprovethecoherence,effectivenessandefficiencyoftheoperatingentitiesofthefinancialmechanism;Decision2/CP.17,para.121(e)Providingexpertinput,includingthroughindependentreviewsand

assessments,intothepreparationandconductoftheperiodicreviewsofthefinancialmechanismbytheCOP;

Decision2/CP.17,121(a)PreparingaBA;Decision3/CP.19,11InthecontextofthereparationofitsBA,(…)toassesshowadaptationandmitigationneedscanmosteffectivelybemetbyclimatefinance,andtoincludetheresultsinitsannualreporttotheCOP;

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itsBA,toconsiderongoingtechnicalworkonoperationaldefinitionsofclimatefinance,includingprivatefinancemobilizedbypublicinterventions,toassesshowadaptationandmitigationneedscanmosteffectivelybemetbyclimatefinance,andtoincludetheresultsinitsannualreporttotheCOP;Decision6/CP.20,11Inthecontextofitsongoingwork,includingthepreparationoftheBA,tofurtherexplorehowitcanenhanceitsworkontheMRVofsupport,basedonthebestavailableinformationonthemobilizationofvariousresources,includingprivateandalternativeresources,throughpublicinterventions;

Decision6/CP.21,4InimplementingitsworkplanontheMRVofsupportbeyondtheBA,tocontinuetoengagewithrelevantbodiesundertheConvention,multilateralandbilateralagencies,andinternationalinstitutions

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TheAdaptationFund1undertheKyotoProtocolwassetuptosupportadaptationprojectsandprogrammesindevelopingcountriesthatareparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange.TheAdaptationFundissourcedthrougha2percentlevyonproceeds(CERs)fromCleanDevelopmentMechanismprojectsaswellasfromothervoluntarysources

Theimplementationofthefollowingactivitiesshallbesupportedthroughthespecialclimatechangefund(SCCF)and/ortheadaptationfund(AF),andotherbilateralandmultilateralsource(a)Startingtoimplementadaptationactivitiespromptlywheresufficientinformationisavailabletowarrantsuchactivities,interalia,intheareasofwaterresourcesmanagement,landmanagement,agriculture,health,infrastructuredevelopment,fragileecosystems,includingmountainousecosystems,andintegratedcoastalzonemanagement;(b)Improvingthemonitoringofdiseasesandvectorsaffectedbyclimatechange,andrelatedforecastingandearly‐warningsystems,andinthiscontextimprovingdiseasecontrolandprevention;(c)Supportingcapacitybuilding,includinginstitutionalcapacity,forpreventivemeasures,planning,

1ConsistentwithDecision1/CP.21,paras59and60,theAdaptationFundmayservetheAgreement,subjecttorelevantdecisionsbytheCMPandtheCMA.CMP11partiallyaddressedthis(seeDecision1/CMP.11,paras8and9).ActionsneedtobetakenbyCOP22andAPAforrecommendationstotheCMPnolaterthanCMP15

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preparednessandmanagementofdisastersrelatingtoclimatechange,includingcontingencyplanning,inparticular,fordroughtsandfloodsinareaspronetoextremeweatherevents;(d)Strengtheningexistingand,whereneeded,establishingnationalandregionalcentresandinformationnetworksforrapidresponsetoextremeweatherevents,utilizinginformationtechnologyasmuchaspossible;Decision5/CP.7,8Decision28/CMP.1,12AFshallfinanceconcreteadaptationprojectsandprogrammesindevelopingcountryPartiesthatarePartiestotheKyotoProtocol,aswellasactivitiesidentifiedindecision5/CP.7,paragraph8;Decision5/CMP.2,2TheAFshalloperatewiththefollowingmodalities:(a)FundingforeligiblePartieswillbeavailablefornational,regionalandcommunitylevelactivities;

2Throughdecision28/CMP.1,decidedthattheAFshallfunctionundertheguidanceofandbeaccountabletotheCMP.ThustheAFfallswithinthesoleauthorityoftheCMPandnotoftheConvention.

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(b)Facilitativeproceduresforaccessingfunds,includingshortandefficientprojectdevelopmentandapprovalcyclesandexpeditedprocessingofeligibleactivities;(c)Projectsshouldbecountrydrivenandshouldclearlybebasedonneeds,viewsandprioritiesofeligibleParties,takingintoaccount,interalia,nationalsustainabledevelopmentstrategies,povertyreductionstrategies,nationalcommunicationsandnationaladaptationprogrammesofactionandotherrelevantinstruments,wheretheyexist;(d)Fundingshallbeavailableforconcreteadaptationprojectsandprogrammesineligiblecountries;Dec.1/CMP.3,1,2and6,andannexIVDevelopingcountryPartiestotheKyotoProtocolthatareparticularlyvulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechangeareeligibleforfundingfromtheAFtoassisttheminmeetingthecostsofadaptation;TheAFshallfinanceconcreteadaptationprojectsandprogrammesthatarecountrydrivenandarebasedontheneeds,viewsandprioritiesofeligibleParties;

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Thestrategicpriorities,policiesandguidelinesoftheAFwereadopted:Inaccordancewithdecision5/CMP.2,paragraph2(c),projectsandprogrammesfundedundertheAFshouldalsotakeintoaccount,interalia,nationalsustainabledevelopmentstrategies,povertyreductionstrategies,nationalcommunicationsandnationaladaptationprogrammesofactionandotherrelevantinstruments,wheretheyexist.Decision1/CMP.10,2Approvalofthereadinessprogrammefordirectaccesstoclimatefinance,launchedon1May2014,andofitsexecutionarrangementsandeligibilitycriteriafortheallocationoffundstoaccreditedimplementingentitiesforspecificactivities;

PCCB–theParisCommitteeonCapacity‐building(PCCB)willaimtoaddressgapsandneeds,bothcurrentandemerging,inimplementingcapacity‐buildingindevelopingcountryPartiesandfurtherenhancingcapacity‐buildingefforts,includingwithregardtocoherenceandcoordinationincapacity‐buildingactivitiesundertheConvention(decision1/CP.21/71)Decision1/CP.21,para79InputstotheParisCommitteeonCapacity‐buildingwillinclude,interalia,(…)thesecretariat’scompilationandsynthesisreportoncapacity‐buildingworkofbodiesestablishedunderthe

Decision1/CP.21,para73(e)Identificationandcollectionofgoodpractices,challenges,experiencesandlessonslearnedfromworkoncapacity‐buildingbybodiesestablishedundertheConvention;

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ConventionanditsKyotoProtocolDecision1/CP.21,para73(h)Informationexchangeoncapacity‐buildingactivitiesandstrategiesofbodiesestablishedundertheConventionwithaviewtofosteringcollaborationandcoherenceamongrelevantprocessesandinitiativesundertheConvention.

Decision1/CP.21,para73(a)AssessmentonhowtoincreasesynergiesthroughcooperationandavoidduplicationamongexistingbodiesestablishedundertheConventionthatimplementcapacity‐buildingactivities