Anthropogenic landscape change: synthesis of the concepts and
quantification methods
André M.,
Vranken I., Mahy G., Visser, M., Bogaert J.
Towards Resilient Ecosystems: Restoring the Urban,
the Rural and the Wild
Tools for planning – O35.1
C. O
rtiz
Roja
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http
://buz
zly.fr
Arizo
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01
4 -
Wired
Thyssenkrupp
1/5 Introduction: anthropogenic disturbances
2
1/5 Introduction: description, measurement, representation
3
4
http://fo-sante.org, 17/08/2015
2/5 Objectives
1/5 Introduction: ecological restoration
5
6
EU Biodiversity Strategy, target 2:
« By 2020, ecosystems end their services are
maintained and enhanced by establishing green
infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded
ecosystems. »
1/5 Introduction: ecological restoration
7
EU Biodiversity Strategy, target 2:
« By 2020, ecosystems end their services are
maintained and enhanced by establishing green
infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded
ecosystems. »
European Commission Biodiversity Strategy Impact Assessment:
« Ecological restoration: The return of an ecosystem
to its original community structure, natural complement of
species and natural functions. »
1/5 Introduction: ecological restoration
2/5 Objectives 8
Sort the different concepts related to the anthropogenic changes
2/5 Objectives 9
Sort the different concepts related to the anthropogenic changes
1) What are the alternatives for an anthropised ecosystem or
landscape?
/ What are the different end points of a restoration process?
2/5 Objectives 10
Sort the different concepts related to the anthropogenic changes
1) What are the alternatives for an anthropised ecosystem or
landscape?
/ What are the different end points of a restoration process?
2) Measure the increase or decrease of anthropogenic effect
3/5 Reference concepts 11
Hem
ero
by Hemeroby:
Measure of the difference between a reference natural state
and an anthropised one
3/5 Reference concepts 12
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 13
Naturalness:
state of the system when no human activity has influenced it
3/5 Reference concepts 14
Naturalness:
state of the system when no human activity has influenced it
Reference state of naturalness
= departure point to measure anthropisation
= goal to achieve while restoring
3/5 Reference concepts 15
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 16
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
European Commission Biodiversity Strategy Impact Assessment:
« Ecological restoration: The return of an ecosystem to its
original community structure, natural complement of species
and natural functions. »
3/5 Reference concepts 17
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale Virtual
naturalness
3/5 Reference concepts 18
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale Virtual
naturalness
3/5 Reference concepts 19
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale Virtual
naturalness
3/5 Reference concepts 20
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale Virtual
naturalness
Ecological succession
3/5 Reference concepts 21
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
Pote
ntia
l
na
tura
lness
Abiotic disturb.
3/5 Reference concepts 22
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
conservation
3/5 Reference concepts 23
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale Virtual
naturalness
Ecological restoration
3/5 Reference concepts 24
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
Non-return
3/5 Reference concepts 25
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
Non-return
Anthropised
NOVEL
3/5 Reference concepts 26
Original
naturalness
Hem
ero
by
Geologic time scale
Non-return
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL H
em
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 27
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL
Geologic time scale
Hem
ero
by
3/5 Reference concepts 28
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL
Geologic time scale
Hem
ero
by
3/5 Reference concepts 29
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL
Ecological succession
Geologic time scale
Hem
ero
by
Future
naturalness
3/5 Reference concepts 30
Global anthrop. effects
Pote
ntia
l
na
tura
lness
Abiotic disturb.
NOVEL H
em
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 31
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL H
em
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 32
Global anthrop. effects
Abiotic disturb.
Artificial (?) indigenous naturalness
NOVEL H
em
ero
by
Geologic time scale
3/5 Reference concepts 33
Future
Abiotic disturb.
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL
Artificial (?) indigenous naturalness
Hem
ero
by
3/5 Reference concepts 34
Future
Abiotic disturb.
Global anthrop. effects
NOVEL
Artificial (?) indigenous naturalness
Hem
ero
by
4/5 Assessment variables 35
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Impacts States
4/5 Assessment variables 36
Population
Human
presence
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Economy
Impacts States
VARIABLES
4/5 Assessment variables 37
Population
Infrastructures
Disturbance type
Human
presence
Anthropic
activities
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Economy
Impacts States
VARIABLES
4/5 Assessment variables 38
Population
Infrastructures
Disturbance type
Land use/cover
Biotope
Human
presence
Anthropic
activities
Anthropised
Novel ecosystem
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Economy
Impacts States
VARIABLES
4/5 Assessment variables 39
Population
Infrastructures
Disturbance type
Land use/cover
Biotope Biocoenosis
Human
presence
Anthropic
activities
Anthropised
Novel ecosystem
Biocoenosis
disturbances
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Economy
Impacts States
VARIABLES
4/5 Assessment variables 40
Population
Infrastructures
Disturbance type
Land use/cover
Biotope Biocoenosis
Ecological restoration,
Conservative management
Human
presence
Anthropic
activities
Anthropised
Novel ecosystem
Biocoenosis
disturbances
Drivers Pressures Responses feedbacks
Anthropogenic effect
Economy
Impacts States
VARIABLES
4/5 Representation methods
Simple measures
41
Composite indexes
Hemeroby scales
Qualitative data
5/5 Take home message H
em
ero
by
Original Virtual
Pote
ntia
l
Pote
ntia
l
Hem
ero
by
Global anthrop. effects
Anthropised
Future
Abiotic disturb.
Virtual
? ? ?
Geologic time scale
?
Artificial (?) indigenous naturalness
5/5 An attempt to map the hemeroby of a
landscape…
André, M.*, Vranken, I.*, Boisson, S., Mahy, G., Rüdisser, J., Visser, M., Lejeune, P., &
Bogaert, J. (in press) Quantification of anthropogenic effects in the landscape of
Lubumbashi. In G. Mahy, G. Colinet, & J. Bogaert (eds.) Anthropisation au Katanga.
Gembloux: Presses Universitaires de Gembloux
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!