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CHEMISTRY PROJECT WORK
GUIDED BY: MR. PAWAN KUMAR
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ACID PROPERTIES AND ITS USES
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PURPOSE
ACID
The purpose of this presentation is to explore about :
Acid Properties Applications of acid
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CONTENTS
ACID
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
I. SOURNESS
II. CHANGE IN BLUE LITMUS TO RED
III. CHANGE METHYL ORANGE TO RED
IV. CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY WHENDISSOLVED IN WATER
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CONTENTS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
I. NEUTRALIZATION
II. REACTION WITH CARBONATESIII. REACTION WITH BICARBONATES
IV. REACTION WITH METALS
V. REACTIONS WITH METALLOXIDES
ACIDS IN WATER
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CONTENTS
ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN
I. ORGANIC ACIDS
II. MINERAL ACIDS
ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH
I. STRONG ACIDS
II. WEAK ACIDS
ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF CONCENTRATION
I. DILUTE ACIDS
II. CONCENTRATED ACIDS
APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS
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METHODOLOGY
1. Sources Used:
I. Books
II. Internet
III. Textbooks
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ACID
Acids are those substances which releasehydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACID
It has a sour taste.
It turns blue litmus to red.
It turns methyl orange to red.
It conduct electricity when dissolved in
water.
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HOW ACIDS ARE SOUR IN TASTES
Sourness is the taste that detects acidity. Thesourness of substances is rated relative todilute hydrochloric acid, which has a
sourness index of 1. By comparison, tartaricacid has a sourness index of 0.7, citricacid an index of 0.46, and carbonic acid an
index of 0.06
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HOW ACID TURNS BLUE TO RED LITMUS
Litmus paper is a soft paper that contains acombination of chemicals known collectivelyas "universal indicator". Each type of
molecule in universal indicator has an "acidic"form that contains an H atom in a particularpart of the molecule. This indicates blue to
red litmus.
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HOW ACID TURNS METHYLORANGE TO RED
Methyl orange is a halo chromic substance inwhich it changes its color resulting from achemical reaction , especially from a change
in pH, when it binds to existing hydrogen andhydroxide ions in solution, these bonds causechanges in the flow of electrons, which in turn
affects the amount of light absorbed. This isperceptible to the naked eye as a colorchange in the solution. And it turns to red.
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HOW ACID CONDUCT ELECTRICITYWHEN DISSOLVED IN WATER
Acids in water conduct electricity, due to H+ions released by them respectively. Acidreacts with metal to form salt and release H2
gas. Acids react with metal carbonate toproduce corresponding salt.
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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACIDS
Neutralization
Reaction with carbonates
Reaction with bicarbonates Reaction with metals
Reaction with metallic oxides
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NEUTRALIZATION
An acid when reacts with a base, salt & water areproduced. This reaction is called neutralization.
I. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
II. HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O
III. HCl + KOH KCl + H2O
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REACTION WITH CARBONATES
Acid and carbonates are combined to producesalt, water and carbon dioxide.
Acid + Metal Carbonate Salt +CO2 + H2O
I. MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2OII. CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
III. Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
IV. CaCO3 + H2SO4 CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O
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REACTION WITH BICARBONATES
Acid and bicarbonates are combined to producesalt, water and carbon dioxide.
Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate Salt + CO2 + H2O
NaHCO3
+ HCl NaCl + CO2
+ H2O
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REACTION WITH METAL
Acid + MetalSalt + Hydrogen gas
Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2 6HCl + Fe2O3 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
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REACTIONS WITH METTALIC OXIDES
Acid + Metal oxide Salt + water
2HCL + CuO CuCl2 + H2O
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ACIDS IN WATER
Acids produce H+ ions when dissolved inwater. H+ ions cannot exist alone. Theycombine molecule (H2O) to form H3O+
Hydronium ions. It conducts electricity.
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ACIDS IN WATER
1. Acid + Water decrease in H3O+ ions concentration per unit
volume dilute acids are formed
2. Acid + Water Highly exothermic reaction. Acids when
dissolved in water releases large amount of heat. If water isadded to concentrated acid then the heat generated maycause the mixture the splash out and cause burns. Hence acidmust be added drop wise into water with constant stirring sothat the
Strong Acid release more H+ ions HCl
Weak Acid release less number of H+ ions acetic acid
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ON THE BASIS OF ORIGINS,ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :
ORGANIC ACIDS : Acids derived from living organisms likeplants and animals are called organic acids. They are weakacids and are not harmful for living organisms. For example:citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar,oxalic acid present in tomato, tartaric acid present in tamarind,lactic acid present in sour milk and curd.
MINERAL ACIDS : They are also called inorganic acids. Theyare dangerous and corrosive. Special precautions have to betaken while handling them. For example: sulphuric acid(H2SO4),hydrochloric acid (HCl) etc.
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ON THE BASIS OF STRENGTH,ACIDS ARE CLASSIFIED AS :
STRONG ACIDS : Strong acids are those acidswhich completely dissociate into its ions inaqueous solutions. Example: nitric acid (HNO3),
sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl).
WEAK ACIDS : Weak acids are those acids which
do not completely dissociate into its ions inaqueous solutions. For example: carbonic acid(H2CO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH).
ON THE BASIS OF
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ON THE BASIS OFCONCENTRATION, ACIDS ARE
CLASSIFIED AS: DILUTE ACIDS : Have a low concentration of
acids in aqueous solutions.
CONCENTRATED ACIDS : Have a highconcentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
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APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS
Acids are often used to remove rust and othercorrosion from metals in a process knownas pickling. They may be used as an electrolyte in
a wet cell battery, such as sulfuric acid in a carbattery.
Strong acids, sulfuric acid in particular, are widely
used in mineral processing. For example,phosphate minerals react with sulfuric acid toproduce phosphoric acid for the production ofphosphate fertilizers
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APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS In the chemical industry, acids react in
neutralization reactions to produce salts. Forexample, nitric acid reacts with ammonia toproduce ammonium nitrate, a fertilizer.
Acids are used as additives to drinks and foods, asthey alter their taste and serve aspreservatives. Phosphoric acid, for example, is a
component of cola drinks. Acetic acid is used inday to day life as vinegar. Carbonic acid is animportant part of some cola drinks and soda. Citricacid is used as a preservative in sauces and
pickles.
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APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS
Tartaric acid is an important component of somecommonly used foods like unripened mangoes andtamarind. Natural fruits and vegetables also
contain acids. Citric acid is present in oranges,lemon and other citrus fruits. Oxalic acid is presentin tomatoes, spinach, and especially
in carambola and rhubarb; rhubarb leaves andunripe carambolas are toxic because of highconcentrations of oxalic acid.
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APPLICATIONS OF ACIDS
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is an essentialvitamin required in our body and is present insuch foods as amla, lemon, citrus fruits, and
guava.
Certain acids are used asdrugs. Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) is used as
a pain killer and for bringing down fevers.
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FACT THAT MATTER
Acids play very important roles in the human body.The hydrochloric acid present in our stomach aidsin digestion by breaking down large and complex
food molecules. Amino acids are required forsynthesis of proteins required for growth and repairof our body tissues. Fatty acids are also required
for growth and repair of body tissues. Nucleic acidsare important for the manufacturing of DNA, RNAand transmission of characters to offspring throughgenes. Carbonic acid is important for maintenance
of pH equilibrium in the body.
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REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=%2Fcom.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc%2Fconcepts%2
Facid.html http://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsB
asesAndSalts_concept.pdf
http://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-
salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.html http://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-properties
http://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACIDhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htmhttp://www.citycollegiate.com/acidbasesalt2.htmhttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://www.edurite.com/kbase/acetic-acid-chemical-propertieshttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://cbse.meritnation.com/cbse-science/acids-bases-and-salts/10/146/ncertsolutions.htmlhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://www.topperlearning.com/userfiles/X_Chem_Ch2_AcidsBasesAndSalts_concept.pdfhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/cicsts/v3r2/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.cics.ts.productoverview.doc/concepts/acid.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID7/31/2019 Acids Properties and Its Uses
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PRESENTED BY : SOMYA PARAMGURU OF CLASS 10TH
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