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Psychology 360
INTRODUCTION!
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Some Relevant Terms
Abnormal Behavior
Psychopathology
Psychiatric Problem
Emotion Disorder
Problems in daily Living
Mental Illness
Crazy
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But how do we determine what
abnormal behavior is?
What criteria should we use
to distinguish between
normal and abnormalbehavior?
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Some Possible Definitions
Statistical infrequency
Violation of Norms
Personal DistressDistress to others
Disability or dysfunction
Unexpectedness
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Harmful Dysfunction
Jerome Wakefield
DysfunctionA trait fails to optimallyperform the specific function that it was
evolutionarily designed to perform.
Harmful A social judgment that a
dysfunction is undesirable.
Abnormality is implied when a dysfunction
is viewed as harmful by society.
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Professionals who Treat Abnormal
Behavior
Clinical Psychologists
Hold a Ph.D. or a Psy.D.
4 years of graduate school, 1-year clinical
internship, 1-year post-doctoral placement
Expertise in diagnosis, treatment, testing.
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Psychiatrists
Completed medical school
Completed a psychiatric
residency
Expertise in diagnosis,
treatment, and medical
interventions.
The only mental health
professional qualified to
prescribe (but this is changing).
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Social Workers
Have completed a M.S.W.
with additional training and
in psychiatric issues.
Expertise in treatment,
often with a strong
background in group andfamily therapy
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Marriage and Family Therapists/
Counselors/Mental Health Workers
Have a variety of
different degrees - such
as M.F.C.C., M.A., orB.A.
Exact qualifications varyacross setting.
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The Prime Directive
Psychologists must avoid
dual relationships!
A dual relationship is one in whichan individual has two separate
relationship roles. Relationshiproles include:
Therapist
Romantic partner or friend
Business Partner
Student or Instructor
Patient
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Historical Perspectives
1. Demonology and Superstition
2. The Somatogenic Perspective
3. The Dark Ages
4. The Asylum Movement
5. Moral treatment
6. The Mental Hygiene Movement
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Emil Kraepelin and the return of the
Somatogenic Perspective
Kraepelin authored a psychiatry
textbook and classification system.
His basic assumptions: All disorders are distinct
All disorders have a unique biological
cause.
Clinical diagnosis is based on careful
observation
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Rise of the Psychogenic
PerspectiveHysteria emerges as a major mental health
problem.
Anton Mesmer uses a series of bizarreinterventions, some of which are related to
hypnotism, as a cure.
Jean-Martin Charcot conducts morescientific studies of hypnotism.
What aspects of their work led to idea that
disorders are psychological in origin?
Th K h
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Thomas Kuhn
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Paradigms guide allscientific inquiry and
thought in a particular area.
A paradigm is a guiding
set of assumptions,theories, and methods.
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Fall of a Paradigm
When a paradigm fails to explain
phenomena, a period of crisis occurs.
Eventually, the paradigm falls and is
replaced by a new paradigm.
A new paradigm emerges and guides all
thinking in the area. This paradigm will
remain dominant until a new crisis occurs.
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