Early Church Growth & Threats (30-312 AD)
Controversies and Councils (313-450 AD)
Rise of Christendom (450-1050 AD)
High Medieval Church (1050-1300 AD)
Renaissance to Reformation (1300-1600 AD)
Worldwide Growth (<1500-1900 AD)
Revolution to Renewal (1600-2000 AD)
Christianity entered Africa through Egypt
First Egyptian converts came from large
Jewish community in Alexandria
New faith soon spread throughout Egyptian
society
Egypt and Alexandria theological centers of
the early Christian Church
Christianity in Egypt
In Egypt was some of the greatest defiance of
the Romans by Christians
Diocletian was particularly brutal
In 306 A.D. something happened that would
change the destiny of Christianity forever
Maximinus still carried out persecutions
against Christians in Egypt before he was
defeated by Licinius.
Christianity in Egypt
Egypt regarded by many Christians,
regardless of denomination, as the home of
Christian monasticism
Monasticism started by St. Anthony of Egypt
Relationships between Egyptian churches
and Constantinople were strained
Coptic Orthodox Church
Christianity in Egypt
St. Frumentius, Abuna Salama
Nine Monks from the East
Lalibela & the Rock Churches
The Modern Church & Contact
with the West
Ark of the Covenant
Christianity in Ethiopia
Papal Treaty of Tordesillas
declared that non-European world
from mid-Atlantic
– East belonged to Portugal
– West belonged to Spain
Pope’s gift was conditional on
their converting natives to
Christianity
Columbus discovers New World
Age of Exploration
Conquistadores:
– “Conquerors” Spanish soldiers who first
came to the Americas
Goals of Spanish explorers:
– God
– Glory
– Gold
Sometimes goals got confused
Spanish in Latin America
Latin American Catholicism
Despite facing hardship, many
native people adopted the faith
of their conquerors
St. Rose of Lima (1586-1617)
– Daughter of Spanish settlers
in Lima, Peru
– Spent her life in service of
the poor
– First American declared a
saint
Latin American Catholicism
Our Lady of Guadalupe
– Mary’s apparition to St.
Juan Diego in 1531
– Patroness of the Americas
North American Colonies
13 British colonies
– Mostly founded
by Protestants
escaping
religious
persecution in
Europe
16th - 18th Centuries
North American Colonies
From the beginning,
religion, especially
evangelical Christianity,
very strong in 13 colonies
– 1700s Great Awakening
17th - 18th
Centuries
North American Colonies
Maryland only colony friendly to Catholics
Act of Toleration of 1649
– Decree by colonial government granting
freedom of religion in Maryland
In time, Puritans overtake the colony and ban
Catholic worship and education
– Remained in effect until just before the
American Revolution
Discussion Question
John Adams, the second U.S. President,
warned in 1798 that, “Our Constitution was
made only for a moral and religious people.
It is wholly inadequate to the government of
any other.”
Can the “separation of church and state” be
taken too far, such as when all government
support of religious expression is removed
and thereby the existence of the democratic
government itself becomes endangered?
Eastern part of ancient world accessible to travelers in the 1st century A.D.
The silk road,
Persian royal
road, Roman
roads, and
shipping routes
combined to form
extensive
interregional
networks of
exchange in
Afroeurasia
Early Christianity in India
As per tradition, Thomas landed at
Cragnore (on Malabar coast)
– Healed sick and demon-possessed
– Converted local Jews & people from
various castes
– Established 7 congregations on Malabar
coast
– Thomas martyred at what’s now
called St. Thomas Mount in 72 A.D.
St. Thomas Christians
Roman Catholic connection with
Indian Christians began with
Franciscan Fr. John of Monte
Corvino
– On his way to China stayed in
India for 13 months
– Visited St. Thomas’ tomb and
baptized around 100 persons
Early Christianity in India
Influence of R.C. Church on Malabar
Church began with Vasco de Gamma
– Arrived in Calicut
– Returned & landed in Cochin
Christian leaders asked for an
alliance against Muslim predators
Portuguese established their first
Indian settlement in Cochin
– But moved to Goa for political
reasons
Portuguese in India
Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier
came to Goa
– Taught Apostles' Creed, Lord's
Prayer, & Ten Commandments to
Paravars
– Baptized 10,000 in a single month
Many converts in India, Ceylon (Sri
Lanka), Malacca and Japan
Portuguese in India
On way to China, Francis Xavier died
– Mortal remains brought to Goa
– Body incorrupt & exposed on
special occasions for veneration
Portuguese in India
KERALA (St. Thomas Christians)
– Initial friendly relations soured due
to interference in internal affairs of
ancient Church
– Portuguese believed that they
came under Padroado
Tried to cut-off their age-old relations
with the Persian Church
Continuous conflict with bishops of
St. Thomas Christians
Portuguese in India
Alexis de Menezes, a powerful RC
Archbishop arrived in Goa
Convened Synod of Diamper at
Udayamperoor (Kerala) intending
– Destruction of errors & heresies
Purged books of false doctrines
– To bring Syrian Church under
Portuguese Padroada
– Perfect union of Syrian church
with whole Catholic church
Portuguese in India
Results of actions taken after Synods
Ancient Church
– Thoroughly Latinized
Traditional customs and practices
changed
– Severed centuries old relations
with Persian Church
– Corrected many abuses prevalent
Since they were imitations of some
Hindu practices
Portuguese in India
St. Thomas Christians
Present St. Thomas Christian Groups (in Karala)
West Syriac (Antiochian) East Syriac
(Chaldean)
Oriental
Orthodox-
Reformed
Oriental Orthodox
(aligned with Eastern Orthodox)
Eastern Catholic
(loyal to Pope)
Assyrian
Church of
the East
Mar
Thoma
Church
(Anglican)
Malabar
Indepen-
dent
Syrian
Church
Indian
Orthodox
Church
Jacobite
Syrian
Orthodox
Church
Syro-
Malankara
Catholic
Church
Syro-
Malabar
Catholic
Church
Chaldean
Syrian
Church
Barangay basic social unit
A Datu ruled a Barangay
Other parts of the
archipelago ruled by a
Sultan (Islamic)
Islamic influence spread
over southern part of the
archipelago
– Including Visayan areas
and Manila
Pre-Spanish Era
Ferdinand Magellan
first Roman Catholic
to arrive in the
Philippines in 1521
– Mass held when
they arrived
1565 – Augustinian
missionaries arrived
1577 – Franciscan
missionaries arrived
Spread of Catholicism
1581 – Jesuit
missionaries arrived
1587 – Dominican
missionaries arrived
1611 – Dominicans
established 1st
Catholic University
– University of Santo
Tomas
– “Roman Pontifical
University”
Spread of Catholicism
Aglipayan Movement
Iglesia Ni Cristo
Jesus Is Lord Movement
Jesus Miracle Crusade
Dating Daan
Nationalized Christian Denominations
El Shaddai
Shalom
Charismatic Movements
– Life-in-the-Spirit Seminar
– Couples-For-Christ
– Youth-For-Christ
– Singles-For-Christ
Ecumenical Movements
20th
Century
Population by Religion
84%
6%
4%
4%
2%
Non-western Indigenous Religions
Muslims
Protestant Denominations
Nationalized Christian Cults
Roman Catholics
Religion in Philippines
Began in fifteenth century
Who was there first?
Visit of Diego Cam, a
Portuguese explorer, in 1484
Great revival in the 1840s
Sub-Sahara Africa Christianity
15th - 19th
Centuries
Christian Churches in South
Africa
Afrikaner Christians
– Cape Folk (Cape Coloured)
Christians
The Xhosa
The English
The Zulu
Church in South Africa
17th - 19th
Centuries
Top Related