Swimmingform
Caudal cilium
Bipartitionprocess
Different stagesof the life cycle
ArreguiArregui, L, L11, , PerezPerez--UzUz, B, B11, , ZornozaZornoza, A , A 22 andand Serrano, S Serrano, S 11
11Departamento de Microbiología III. Facultad de Biología. Departamento de Microbiología III. Facultad de Biología. Universidad Universidad ComplutenseComplutense, Madrid, Spain. , Madrid, Spain. 22EGEVASA. EDAR EGEVASA. EDAR QuartQuart--BenagerBenager. EPSAR. Valencia. EPSAR. Valencia , Spain., Spain.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONCiliates, the most significant group of protists within the ecosystem of biological reactors of sewage treatment plants, can be divided into crawling and sessile ciliates that are associated with flocs and, swimming ciliates that move freely in the mixed liquor. Species of Prostomatids, usually free-swimming ciliates, are scarce in activated sludge WWTP, they do not usually reach high abundances and have never been reported as the dominant population in stable conditions. The aim of this work is to describe a new species of a sessile prostomatid found associated with flocs in the biological reactor.
MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL AND METHODS Metacystis sp. was found in the biological reactor of a waste water treatment plant of a health resort located in Cofrentes, Valencia (Spain). 50 μl aliquots containing living cells were placed on a coversliped slide and viewed by phase contrast microscopy using either an Olympus BH-5 or a Zeiss Axiostarmicroscope. Specimens were stained with Flutax-2 (as described in Arregui et al. 2003) and DAPI (final concentration of 10 μg/ml), and were observed under a Zeiss Axioplan 2 epifluorescence microscope with a CCD Spot Camera. Physico-chemical parameters were measured according to standard methods (APHA 1989). Scale bar means 20 μm.
20-30 somatic kineties, each constituted by eight kinetosomes
Stained Cells
LSk
Ok
Ck
TSg
LSk
Ok
Ck
TSgTSg
OC
SC
FLUTAX DAPI
CIRCUMORAL INFRACILIATURE One circumoral kinety (dikinetids)Two perioral girdles (fiveand two densely packed kinetosomes)
Contractile vacuole pore
Single micronucleus
One spherical macronucleus Transversal bipartitioninside the lorica
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CONDITIONS IN THE BIOLOGICAL REACTOR OF WWTP
High conductivities due high values of sulfates, carbonates, magnesium, calcium and sodium ions and unusually high water temperature (rounding 30ºC)
RESULTS RESULTS andand DISCUSSIONDISCUSSION
Elongate cell shapeCytostome at the anterior apical end of a retractile proboscideSac-like lorica tapered toward the aperture with a smooth neck and 11--16 annular ridgesSomatic ciliature formed by longitudinal kinetiesCircumoral ciliature constituted by perioral girdlesOne single posterior contractile vacuoleOne large vacuole protruding at the cell terminal endRounded secreted particles often observed inside the lorica
Species Diagnosis Metacystis galiana n. sp.
“In vivo”
COMPARATIVE DATAGENUS Metacystis
Lorica Species Description Shape S ize (μm )
Cytostome
Num ber of som atic kineties
Num ber of transverse ciliary rings
C ircum ora l ciliature
Ma(μm )
M i Term ina l Vacuole
Caudal cilium Shape S ize
(μm ) Num ber of gird les
Habitat
Metacystis annulata
Stokes, 1895 elongate 55 _ _ _ _ _ _ present absent cylindrica l, w ith anterior neck
140 present
brack ish
Metacystis borrori
Aladro-Lube l and Martinez-M urillo
ovo id-cylindrica l
10-35 x 10-18
centra l 22-30 5-7 2 periora l 1 circum ora l
3-7 absent cylindrica l 18-61 x 11-26
absent m arine
Metacystis daphnicola
Penard, 1922
elongate 75-170 _ _ 24 _ _ _ present absent tubular, curved anteriorly
_ _ freshwater
Metacystis elongata
Kahl, 1928 cylindrica l, elongate
40-120 x 10
centra l 30 18-21 1 periora l 5,5 1 present absent _ _ _ m arine, brack ish
Meatcystis exigua
Penard, 1922
sacca te 13-20 acentric _ 5-6 2 periora l _ _ absent various saccate _ absent freshwater
Metacystis galiana
n.sp. elongate to ovo id
44-60.5 x 15-16
apica l 20-30 8 2 (5+2) perioral 1 circum ora l (dik inetids)
sing le, ovo id
s ing le, sphaerical
present present in the sw im m ing stage
am phora-like 66.4 x 20 11-16 bio log ica l reactor of W W TP
Meacystis hyperhalina
Dietz, 1964 elongate 92 _ _ 4 _ _ _ present absent like M . annulata
_ _ m arine,
Metacystis lagenula
Penard,1922 vase-like 30 acentric present _ 2 periora l sm all 4 absent various Vase-like 50-62 absent freshwater
Metacystis megapterae
Kahl, 1930 elongate 80-120 _ _ _ _ _ _ absent absent cylindrica l, sem iannular, rounded posteriorly
_ _ freshwater
Metacystis recurva
Penard, 1922
elongate 45-68 15 1 present 1 vase-like freshwater, m arine
Metacystis striata
Stokes, 1893 cylindrica l 50-110 x 25-39
centra l 63-66 20-24 2 periora l 1 circum ora l
10 1 present absent tubular 100 x 48
absent brack ish, m arine
Metacystis tesselata
Kahl, 1926 cylindrica l 50 centra l 20-26 9 1 periora l 1 present 1 vase-like 84 x 25
absent freshwater
Metacystis truncata
Cohn, 1866 ovo id-cylindrica l
10-91 x 11-30
centra l 10-18 abundant perioral c ilia
7-14μm
1 present absent cylindrica l, annular
77-140 x 24.5-31.5
15-26 brack ish, m arine
67.6
--51.
6 μm
18.8-13.6 μm
A A NewNew SpeciesSpecies ofof thethe GenusGenus MetacystisMetacystis ((CiliateCiliate, , ProstomatidaProstomatida) ) fromfrom a a WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment PlantPlant ofof a a HealthHealth ResortResort
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