A New Plan of Government Problems would convince citizens
that the government needs changes….
Where have we been? (not on your notes… just review!)
Revolution Begins! April 19, 1775
Independence Declared ! July 4, 1776
The A of C ratification process was completed in March 1781.
The Articles of Confederation sent to the states for ratification in November 1777.
The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783
Shays’s Rebellion : August of 1786.
The Constitutional Convention: On May 25, 1787, delegates from the various states meet in
Philadelphia.
The Constitutional Convention
(Philadelphia – 1787)(Pennsylvania State House or Independence Hall)
-55 delegates (planters, lawyers, governors, etc) -26 college
graduates! About 25 – 26% of Americans have a college
degree today!
-No women, African or Native Americans
-Washington chosen to preside over the convention
Why did the Constitutional
Convention keep their proceedings a secret?
http://shaysrebellion.stcc.edu/shaysapp/scene.do?shortName=Nation
Check out all of the different opinions! Click on the website below!
Answer: Proceedings were secret so delegates could speak their minds without fear of being attacked for their thoughts.
CHOICES…
I. THE VIRGINIA PLAN
-
Who?
-Edmund Randolph
presented the plan
(tall, imposing)
I. THE VIRGINIA
PLAN
Governor of Virginia, Planter and Slave Holder, Lending and Investments, Real Estate and
Land Speculation
Consisted mostly of James Madison’s ideas. He believed in a strong but fair system of government.
(Virginia Plan: Continued)
Randolph proposes a Supreme National Government
-Two houses with both having (lower voted by people)- (upper voted by lower)
CHOICES(Virginia Plan: Continued)
Each house has_____________ ___________ Representatives would be based on ___________CHOICES
(Virginia Plan: Continued)
-Each house would have PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION.
-
Representatives would be based on
POPULATION!
19
14
13
10
1
2
24
-PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine)
378,787 96,540
-Pennsylvania 434,373-North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825- Georgia 82,548- New Hampshire 141,885
CHOICES (Virginia Plan: Continued)
(33,000 people = 1 rep)
The listed populations include all slaves, so the
number of representatives would actually be more than
what is listed for some states if all slaves were counted; all fractions were rounded down)
• Based on a system of checks and balances: Each branch balances the other by checking against any abuse of power!
(Madison’s Virginia Plan…continued)
(The Virginia Plan continued)
•Bicameral Legislature, Supreme Court and a
President (chosen by the legislature)
THE NEW JERSEYPLAN
WHO?Introduced by William Patterson (New Jersey)
Paterson, a lawyer, an outspoken supporter of American
independence, was the first Attorney General of New Jersey, serving from
1776–1783, maintaining law and order and establishing himself as one
of the state's most prominent lawyers.
THE NEW JERSEYPLAN
a.k.a The Small State Plan
Later, Paterson would be a U.S. Senator from New Jersey,(March 4,
1789 – November 13, 1790) , New Jersey Governor (October 29, 1790 – March 30, 1793),
and Finally a U.S. Supreme Court Justice (March 4, 1793 – September 9, 1806).
•Small States wanted a one-house congress with equal
representation.
THE NEW JERSEY PLAN CONTINUED…
CHOICES (New Jersey Plan: Continued)
2
2
2
2
-PEOPLE REPS - Virginia 747,610 Massachusetts (Maine)
378,787 96,540
-Pennsylvania 434,373-North Carolina 393,471 -Delaware 59,094 - Rhode Island 68,825- Georgia 82,548- New Hampshire 141,885
2
2
2
2
Large and small
populated states are at a
standstill…
Discussions are heated! Some fear the Union will break apart…
No one really fights like this.
How should we compromise?
Also known as the “The Connecticut Compromise
”
-Under Franklin’s guidance and
-Under Franklin’s guidance and
-and Roger Sherman’s suggestions…..
-and Roger Sherman’s suggestions…..
- COMBINES THE COMBINES THE NEW JERSEY AND NEW JERSEY AND
THE VIRGINIA THE VIRGINIA PLANSPLANS
-Gives EQUAL REPRESENTATI
ON in the Senate
-Based the representation in
the House of Representatives on POPULATION
THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE
-Northern states don’t want slaves to count in population.-Southern states do!
THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE
MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY =
MORE POWER
THE 3/5ths COMPROMISEHere is why… if we counted them all…
-PEOPLE Extra Reps
-Virginia454,983292,627 slaves -Maryland216,702103,036 slaves-Massachusetts378,787NO slaves
0(33,000 = 1 rep)
13
8
3
6
11
Slave Populations Census - 1790
Massachusetts - none New Hampshire - 158Rhode Island - 952Connecticut - 2,759Pennsylvania - 3,737Delaware - 8,887New Jersey - 11,423 New York - 21,324Georgia - 29,264Maryland - 103,036North Carolina - 100,572South Carolina - 107,094Virginia - 293,427
- Think about if they put a
tax on tobacco or sugar or
indigo… Who would want
it? Who wouldn’t?
Would more representatives help one
side get their way?
THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE
MORE PEOPLE = MORE REPS = MORE SAY =
MORE POWER
- It is decided that every 5
slaves will be counted as 3
people toward population
(which determines the
House)
-PEOPLE Extra Reps -Virginia292, 627 slaves -Maryland103,036 slaves-MassachusettsNO slaves
5
1 (almost 2)
0
So… look at the extra reps the South would get if they
use our scale!
- Neither side argues that the slaves should be able to vote!
THE 3/5ths COMPROMISE
Trading Slaves•Slaves can
be traded for 20 years (after that congress
limits)
Agreement was made to keep the southern states in the
union
• Work Finished SEPTEMBER 17, 1787.
•Sent to states for approval!
•9 out of 13 approved! (New Hampshire is ninth)
Major change can
occur without
violence!
WHAT DID AMERICA SHOW THE WORLD IN IT’S COMPLETE
REVISION OF OUR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT?
National Archives, Washington, DC,
1936.
The Constitutionby Barry Faulkner
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