Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
A Comprehensive Approach to Tank Design and Tank
Equipment Selection
Andrew A East Director
HMT International Business Development Group
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Core objectives of a comprehensive approach
• Through proper tank design and consideration of all key factors, we believe we can achieve:
– Greater than 80% reduction in emissions
– Nearly 10% increase in working capacity
– Upwards of 70% reduction in unusable inventory (adding back more than € 300k to working capital)
– Between € 250K and € 400k per tank in reduced maintenance costs every 30 years
– Improved tank safety
– Reduced risk of unplanned maintenance
– No increase in up-front capital cost
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Core design considerations
• In order to design the ideal tank, key performance factors need to be considered:
– Emissions and product loss reduction (impacts on financial and regulations)
– Safety of the tank and its appurtenances
– Working capacity of the tank
– Inventory utilization in the tank (usability of your working capital)
– Maintenance considerations (to minimize both planned and unplanned)
– Up-front capital cost of the tank and tank products
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Emissions Factors
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Background information: Tools available to estimate emissions
• Modelling programs – Provide the capability to build virtual tanks to estimate emissions based on
AP-42 equations and loss factors – Helpful for calculating emissions of future assets for permit application – Helpful for evaluating different tank equipment options – May also be used by regulators for compliance audits
– Tanks 4.0.9d • The latest version of the EPA’s tank emissions estimation software – widely used in U.S.
– TankESP • Additional functionality over Tanks 4.0.9d, and more up-to-date with AP-42
• Physical observation and accurate surveys/measurement – Good for finding leaks; not good for annual-average extrapolation
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Factors that influence tank emissions:
• Wind – Average wind speed and whether the tank is covered with a fixed roof or dome
• Floating roof penetrations and seams – Type, quantity, size and method of sealing
• Floating roof seals – Type and quality
• Temperature factors – Average temperatures on site, as well as tank color (effect of solar gain)
• Tank diameter / height
• Operational factors – Product stored, cycles per month, etc.
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Capture the benefits of a fixed roof over your floating roof • A fixed roof over your floating roof eliminates the
evaporative effect of the wind, greatly reducing emissions from seals and all roof penetrations
Example of the Benefits
For a 36.6m (120’) diameter tank, storing gasoline RVP 10 in Houston, the difference between a covered and an uncovered tank is nearly 6 metric tons per year.
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Self-supporting roofs yield more benefits, by eliminating column penetrations in the floating roof
• No columns means elimination of the principle floating roof emission source
• More significant impact on larger diameter tanks (due to the elimination of more columns)
Example of the Benefits
For a typical 36.6m (120’) diameter IFRT with 7 columns, storing gasoline RVP 10, column well emissions account for approximately 1.4 metric tons per year (approx. 193 kg) per column)
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Further reduce your emissions by eliminating leg penetrations • No leg penetrations means no leg emissions
• Fixed legs (not adjustable) can achieve this because they do not penetrate the roof.
• A suspended roof can also achieve this while still reducing inventory (heel)
Example of the Benefits
For a typical 36.6m (120’) diameter tank, storing gasoline RVP 10, the difference between a leg-supported steel IFR and a cable-suspended welded aluminum IFR or one piece roof is another 1.4 metric tons per year (approx. 32 kg per leg).
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Further reduce your emissions by eliminating leg penetrations • No leg penetrations means no leg emissions
• Fixed legs (not adjustable) can achieve this because they do not penetrate the roof.
• A suspended roof can also achieve this while still reducing inventory (heel)
Example of the Benefits
For a typical 36.6m (120’) diameter tank, storing gasoline RVP 10, the difference between a leg-supported steel IFR and a Deckmaster GRE one piece roof is another 1.4 metric tons per year (approx. 32 kg per leg).
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Common questions about full-contact roofs
Question 1: By eliminating the vapor space, are deck seam emissions eliminated? – No. Only through completely eliminating seams through seal-welding or one-piece
construction are deck seam emissions eliminated. FC roofs which use bolts, fasteners or adhesives to join components still have deck seam emissions according to AP-42 and all industry-accepted modeling programs
Question 2: If the roof panels are factory welded, does this mean I can use the welded construction loss factor – Only through completely field-welding all seams between the panels (resulting in a
single contiguous roof) does an IFR qualify as welded construction per AP-42
Question 3: Why is there a different model in TANKS 4.0.9d for IFRT and DEFRT? – Due to the way EFR penetrations are constructed, a covered external floating roof
emits less than typical steel IFR construction. For example, longer leg sleeves on a typical EFR result in lower emissions. Be sure to choose the right tank type to model.
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Utilize a welded-seam or one-piece IFR to eliminate all deck seam emissions • Deck seam emissions refer to the product that escapes at the seams in
skin-and-pontoon roofs or the seams in bolted panel roofs • Seal-welded joints between panels completely eliminate this source • One-piece construction completely eliminates this source as well
Bolted construction Emissions from seams between sheets on either a pontoon roof(shown above) or bolted panel type Full contact roof
Welded construction No seams, no seam emissions
(Full contact welded aluminium roof shown above)
One-piece construction No seams, no seam emissions
(One Piece GRE roof shown above)
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
The impact of eliminating deck seams Skin & Pontoon
Sheet-construction
(Bolted)
Zero Deck Seam Emissions
Full Contact Panel-construction
(Bolted)
Any Welded or One-piece IFR
Emissions along each deck seam
2,334 kg/yr* 3,852 kg/yr* 0 Kg/yr
Assumptions: 36.6m x 14.6m tank, 600mm freeboard, Gasoline RVP 13, Houston, 24 turnovers/year
* Deck seam emissions only; these figures do not include emissions for seals or other appurtenances
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Emissions Comparison (kg/year) for Various Tank Configurations and Various Major Markets
Assumptions • All tanks are 36.6m diameter x 14.6m high with 13.4m of working capacity (3,722,518 gal) • Stored product is gasoline, RVP 10 • Each IFR equipped with primary mechanical shoe seal and rim-mounted secondary seal • Each IFR with the exception of the welded IFR is equipped with adjustable deck legs • Emissions based on 24 tank turnovers per year • Bolted panel based on a 5’ (1.5m) x 12’ (3.66m) panel; bolted sheet is 5’ (1.5m) wide • All deck fittings “Typical” except the suspended IFR, which has no leg penetrations • Cone roofs have 7 columns
Location EFRT Domed EFRT
Cone Roof, Steel IFR, Adj Legs
Cone Roof, Aluminum
Bolted Panel IFR, Adj Legs
Cone Roof, Aluminum
Skin & Pontoon IFR,
Adj Legs
Dome, Welded or
One-piece IFR, Suspended (no legs)
Houston 9,478 820 3,646 6,542 5,879 664
Los Angeles 8,029 739 3,264 5,852 5,259 602
Chicago 8,607 552 2,379 4,251 3,822 450
Rotterdam 15,179 573 2,478 4,430 3,983 464
Moscow 5,305 447 1,882 3,351 3,014 365
Lagos, Nigeria 14,028 1,163 5,268 9,480 8,514 941
Singapore 8,544 1,061 4,787 8,608 7,732 858
Saudi Arabia 18,679 1,146 5,191 9,340 8,389 933
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Utilize tight-fitting seals (that remain tight throughout the service life of the tank!)
• As defined in: – API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (1997) – Chapter 19, Section 2 (Evaporative Loss Measurement) – 5.2.1 – Rim-seal Loss Factor
• Defined as: “The loss factors for average-fitting seals are applicable for
typical rim-seal conditions and should be used except when a rim-seal is known to be consistently tight-fitting (that is, when there are no gaps more then 1/8 in. (3mm) wide between the rim seal and the tank shell), in which case the loss factors for tight-fitting seals are applicable”
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Utilize tight-fitting seals (that remain tight throughout the service life of the tank!)
• Poorly performing seals can be a major source of emissions as well as a safety risk
Example of the Benefits
For a typical 36.6m (120’) diameter tank with a primary shoe seal, storing Gasoline RVP 10, the difference between tight fitting and average fitting seals can be a 33% reduction in rim seal emissions.
Rim Seal Factors as per API Chapter 19.2 (1997)
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Impact of Emissions Savings Single-tank Comparison
Traditional Tank – 36.6m(120’) x 14.63m(48’)
with Cone Roof
– Leg-supported steel IFR
– Gasoline RVP 10, Houston
• Emissions per tank: 3,646 kg/yr
Reduced Emission Tank – 36.6m(120’) x 14.63m (48’) with Dome
Roof
– Chain-suspended, welded or one-piece IFR
– Gasoline RVP 10, Houston
• Emissions per tank: 664 kg/yr
82% lower emissions per tank through proactive design
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Emissions Comparison EFRT vs Dome + Aluminator FC system
75% Reduction in Emissions This example is based on a 135’ Crude Tank in Salt Lake City, Utah. EFRT has standard deck fittings
and adjustable legs. Suspended Aluminator FC has standard deck fittings. 24 turnovers per year.
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Impact of Emissions Savings Total Tank Farm Expansion
9 Traditional Tanks Total Tank Farm Emissions: 32,814 kg/yr
49 Reduced Emission Tanks Total Tank Farm Emissions: 32,536 kg/yr
444% more tanks under the same permit
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Safety Factors
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Safety Benefits of Ideal Tank vs. EFRT
• Suspended systems eliminate the risk of spiral collapse during maintenance
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Safety Benefits of Ideal Tank vs. EFRT • Eliminate snow and ice
hazards on EFR • Eliminate drain hazards
• Recent failures: Ohio Pennsylvania Alberta Also a maintenance benefit
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Utilize Chain Suspension for Major Safety Benefits
• Best available suspension technology
• Non-kinking, high-strength alloy chain
• Tight lay pattern
• Eliminates potential snagging
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Chain Suspension Safety Benefit 1: Eliminate Confined Space Entry Risks
• Easy-access dome hub cover allows pinning from the top of the dome
• Simply allow the product to drain to maintenance level, then pull up the slack and pin before draining tank
• After maintenance, re-pin in low operating position any time after IFR is floating
• Eliminates confined space entry
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Chain Suspension Safety Benefit 2: Set Maintenance Position at Optimum Height
• Choose optimum height - chain provides pinning flexibility
• Set maintenance position above working height to give workers full ergonomic access
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Chain Suspension Safety Benefit 3: Eliminate Bottom Repair Hazards
• Not necessary to jack up IFR to get a tractor inside
• No risk of the tractor damaging support legs
• Clear and open; no obstructions to work around
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
If using a full-contact panel-constructed IFR, ensure it can be certified gas-free
Open-cavity panel design
• Completely open internal cavity does not impede vapor detection
Traditional Metallic Sandwich/Honeycomb Panel
• Internal cavity filled with partitions or fillers • Internal materials may impede vapor detection
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Utilize a seal that can be certified gas-free
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
• Foam log or bag seals are prone to wear and punctures, and can trap product, creating a hazardous environment, and problems with disposal of saturated foams.
• Shoe seals or other mechanical seals comprised of stainless steel, fabrics and other materials which cannot retain or become damaged by product are preferred
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Working Capacity and Inventory Utilization Factors
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Factors that contribute to working capacity:
• Type of fixed roof (impacts max fill level)
• Type of internal floating roof (impacts max fill level)
• Whether IFR has legs (impacts minimum fill level)
• Whether tank utilizes a drain-dry sump or plateau bottom (impacts minimum fill level)
Through proactive tank design and careful selection of tank products,
working capacity can be maximized
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Factors that impact working capacity:
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS
ENGINEERED SAFETY
WORKING CAPACITY
INVENTORY UTILIZATION
MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
1. IFR travel constraints at the top of the tank (max fill height)
2. Depth of the Floating Roof System
3. IFR travel constraints at the bottom of the tank (min fill height)
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Working Capacity Factor 1: Conditions at the top of the tank
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS
ENGINEERED SAFETY
WORKING CAPACITY
INVENTORY UTILIZATION
MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Steel cone roof Rafter clips consume 6-8” of capacity
Aluminum Dome Mounted flush to top angle, consuming no tank capacity
Top Angle
Elevation
High-fill interference from rafters
No high-fill interference
below top angle
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Capture capacity through the use of a low-profile internal floating roof
• Steel internal floaters are typically 500mm in pontoon & rim depth
• Low-profile aluminum or GRE roof depth is only 230mm or less
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Recapture 270mm of working capacity using a low-profile Aluminum or GRE Full-Contact Roof
500mm
230mm
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Benefits of Working Capacity Gains
• Financial Impacts – Increase income-generating capability of tank – Hold more product when you want in order to optimize market conditions
• Maintenance Flexibility – Take a different tank out of service with less worry of storage constraints
• Operational Efficiencies – Take larger deliveries at one time, reducing transactional costs per barrel
• Deferred Capital Costs in the Future – Each additional barrel of storage you capture from this asset defers the
need for future storage as you grow
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS
ENGINEERED SAFETY
WORKING CAPACITY
INVENTORY UTILIZATION
MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
• A bottom-fill system with suspended IFR allows roof to be lowered to within 300mm of the floor
• Recaptures 760mm of capacity (800m3 in a 36.6M tank)
• 6% increase in capacity
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS
ENGINEERED SAFETY
WORKING CAPACITY
INVENTORY UTILIZATION
MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Working Capacity Factor 3: Conditions at the bottom of the tank
Assumes no mixers or diffusers; however, capacity gains can still be achieved with these in place
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Utilize a “plateau” bottom and suspended roof to gain capacity and reduce inventory
• A mesa bottom displaces the majority of remaining product inventory when the IFR is in the low position (product that is normally unusable and ties up valuable working capital)
• Ideal for use when perimeter mixers or other equipment prevents the IFR from being lowered completely to the bottom
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Cone roof structure impedes travel of IFR to high position by 300mm (150mm structure and 150mm safety clearance)
Dome roof only requires 150mm of safety clearance
Low-profile FC roof is only 230mm of roof
depth plus 300mm of
secondary seal
Traditional steel roof is approximately 500mm of pontoon depth and 300mm of secondary seal
Steel roof legs limiting vertical travel of IFR to within 1100mm of tank bottom
Suspended roof and plateau bottom
eliminate majority of
unusable inventory
Increase of 1,150m³ in working capacity Or 27,600m³ per year at 24 turnovers (over 170,000 barrels)
13,050m³ working capacity
Working Capacity Comparison 1 Traditional Tank vs. Dome + Suspended Roof + Plateau Bottom
14,200m³ working capacity
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Cone roof structure impedes travel of IFR to high position by 300mm (150mm structure and 150mm safety clearance)
Dome roof only requires 150mm of safety clearance
Low-profile FC roof is only 230mm of roof
depth plus 300mm of
secondary seal
Traditional steel roof is approximately 500mm of pontoon depth and 300mm of secondary seal
Steel roof legs limiting vertical travel of IFR to within 1100mm of tank bottom
Suspended roof and
drain-dry sump allow IFR to travel
to within 300mm of
tank bottom
Working Capacity Comparison 2 Traditional Tank vs. Dome + Suspended Roof + Drain Dry Sump
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Increase of 1,280m³ in working capacity Or 30,720m³ per year at 24 turnovers (over 190,000 barrels)
13,050m³ working capacity
14,330m³ working capacity
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
• Re-capture lost working capital by eliminating unusable inventory
Inventory reduced by 672m³ (over 4000 barrels)
Inventory Utilization Comparison 1 Traditional Tank vs. Dome + Suspended Roof + Plateau Bottom
1,120m³ unusable inventory
448m³ unusable inventory
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
• Re-capture lost working capital by eliminating unusable inventory
Inventory reduced by 800m³ (over 5000 barrels)
Inventory Utilization Comparison 2 Traditional Tank vs. Dome + Suspended Roof + Drain Dry Sump
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
1,120m³ unusable inventory
320m³ unusable inventory
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Impacts of gained capacity
• To achieve the same cumulative working capacity, a tank farm owner could operate 12 traditional tanks or 11 ideal tanks.
• Or, using the same number of tanks, the owner could increase its cumulative working capacity by over 15,000m³ (over 90,000 barrels)
• An owner building a new tank farm could spend only 92% of the capital to achieve the same working capacity.
Traditional Tank Farm Ideal Tank Farm
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Maintenance Factors
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Eliminate painting and coating on your fixed and floating roofs
• Aluminum domes require no painting
• Aluminum or GRE IFRs require no painting
Example of the Benefits
A steel cone roof and IFR located in a coastal zone (such as Houston ship channel), will typically require painting of the cone roof and IFR every 10 years. For a 36.6m (120’) tank, this could cost approximately € 75,000
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Eliminate structural steel repairs on your fixed roof
• Domes require only moderate maintenance on elastomers every 20 to 30 years (estimated € 10-15k)
Example of the Benefits
A steel cone roof located in a coastal zone (such as Houston ship channel), will typically require structural repairs every 20 years. For a 36.6m (120’) tank, this would cost approximately € 150,000.
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Full-Contact IFR Durability Factors
• Extruded aluminum rim section (not welded) or one-piece GRE structure – Flexibility to handle turbulence without loss of strength
• Designed to handle more than minimum API loading criteria – Built for high flow rates, turbulence, pigging operations and other
unanticipated operational loads and stresses
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Seal System Durability Factors
• All stainless steel moving parts
• No springs or weights that wear
• Correctly specified hardened stainless steel for spring retention and centering of the roof, eliminating many sources of potential seal damage
• Consideration of tank verticality and out-of-roundness
• Quality fabrics
• Materials that are truly compatible with the stored product
EMISSIONS / PRODUCT LOSS SAFETY WORKING CAPACITY /
INVENTORY UTILIZATION MAINTENANCE & DURABILITY
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Summary
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Summary Comparison
Traditional Tank
Ideal Tank A (Dome + suspended FC + plateau bottom)
Ideal Tank B (Dome + suspended FC + drain dry sump)
Tank dimensions 36.6m(120’) x 14.6m(48’)
36.6m(120’) x 14.6m(48’)
36.6m(120’) x 14.6m(48’)
Emissions (lbs per year) 3,646 kg/yr 664 kg/yr 664 kg/yr
Maintenance cost €250 - €450k per 30 year period €10-15k every 30 years $15-20k every 30 years
Safety --- Improved over Traditional Tank
Improved over Traditional Tank
Working capacity 13,050m³ 14,200m³ 14,330m³
Additional capacity --- +1,150m³ +1,280m³
Unusable inventory 1,120m³ 448m³ 320m³
Inventory reduction --- -672m³ -800m³
Capital Cost (new tank) --- Similar to Traditional Tank Similar to Traditional Tank
36.6m x 14.6m IFRT, Storing Gasoline (RVP 10), in Houston, Texas Equipped with primary mechanical shoe seal and rim-mounted secondary seal. Annual turnover of 24 cycles.
Global AST Solutions Provider Since 1978 www.hmttank.com
Questions / Discussion
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