9 | 07 | 2006 | MADISON, WISCONSIN14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WALKING AND BICYCLING
BIKE LANES AND CAR DOORSDETAILS FOR DESIGNERS
BIKE LANES AND CAR DOORSDETAILS FOR DESIGNERS
OUTLINE
•SAN FRANCISCO – BACKGROUND AND BICYCLE NETWORK
•BICYCLE LANES – WHY AND HOW?
•STUDY #1 – PARKING LANE WIDTHS
•STUDY #2 – PARKING “T” MARKINGS
•RECOMMENDATIONS
Area: 47 Square Miles
Population: 780,000(2nd Densest City in U.S.)
Terrain: Hills! (31.5% Steepest)
Percent Bicycle to Work: 2.08%*
Recent Poll: 5% of SF residents Use Bike as primary mode of transportation * 2000 Census (#1 in US cities w/ >500,000, 108% increase from 1990
Census)
SAN FRANCISCO
205 TOTAL MILES
•30 Miles of Bike Paths
•45 Miles of Bike Lanes
•130 Miles of Shared Roadways -55 Miles of Wide Curb Lanes -80 Miles of Narrow Curb Lanes
BICYCLE NETWORK
SHARED ROADWAY MARKING
San Francisco Bicycle Coalition's 2006 Survey
What would make San Francisco a better city for bicycling?
BICYCLE LANES
#1 Response: More bike lanes (21%)
90% of respondents prefer to ride on streets with bike lanes rather than streets without (6% no opinion)
Bay Area Trends657 vehicles per 1000 persons in 1998704 vehicles per 1000 persons in 2020(Projected by Metropolitan Transportation Commission)
San Francisco480,000 Registered Vehicles320,000 estimated on-street parking spacesHigh demand for on-street parking
CARS AREN’T GOING AWAY**YET
AASHTO GUIDE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BICYCLE FACILITIES
MUTCD 2003 CALIFORNIA SUPPLEMENT
CALIFORNIA HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL
BICYCLE LANE DESIGN
•Bike lanes adjacent to parking must be a minimum of 5’ wide
•No minimum parking lane width
From AASHTO “Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities”
40 in (1.0m)
30 in (0.75m)
BICYCLIST OPERATING SPACE
CVC 22517. No person shall open the door of a vehicle on the side available to moving traffic unless it is reasonably safe to do so and can be done without interfering with the movement of such traffic, nor shall any person leave a door open upon the side of a vehicle available to moving traffic for a period of time longer than necessary to load or unload passengers.
CVC & ON-STREET PARKING
“The Door is Always Open”
Courtesy of Department of Public Art - 1993
San Francisco 2001-2005•1628 Bicycle Injury Collisions•133 From Doorings (~8%)
DOORING COLLISIONS
50% in Door Zone 30% in Door Zone 10% in Door Zone
Red dashed line = 9.5’ from curb (85 percentile opened car doors)
PARKING LANE WIDTH STUDY
Will wider parking lanes encourage motorists to park further away from the curb?
“This second line will encourage parking closer to the curb, providing added separation from motor vehicles…”Page 23, AASHTO Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities
STUDY LOCATION
11 Locations~600 Observations
PARKING LANE WIDTH VERSUS VEHICLE DISTANCE FROM CURB
y = 1.1848x - 1.7582
R2 = 0.0305
0
5
10
15
20
25
6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5
Parking Lane Width (Feet)
Veh
icle
Dis
tan
ce f
rom
Cu
rb (
Inch
es)
OTHER DESIGN FACTORS
Context is Key!
Wider Parking Lanes May Be Needed For:
•Downhill Bike Lanes
•Commercial Areas with High Parking Turnover
•Areas Where Trucks Frequently Park to Load/Unload
PARKING “T” STUDY
Before - Parking “Ts” Extend to 9’ After - Parking “Ts” Extend to 11’
Before – Average Position After – Average Position
BEFORE
Mean = 10’-4”
76% > 9.5’
54% > 10’
24% IN DOOR ZONE
AFTER
Mean = 10’-11”
90% > 9.5’
76% > 10’
10% IN DOOR ZONE
RECOMMENDATIONS•Where space permits, wider parking lanes should be provided next to bike lanes to give cyclists more buffer from opening car doors
•Bike lane/parking lane design should take into account factors such as parking turnover, expected vehicle types, street grade
•Extended parking “Ts” show potential for encouraging cyclists to ride outside the door zone
•Design standards should be revisited, and should address door zone issue - Need for research with narrower bike lanes and other innovative treatments
50% in Door Zone 30% in Door Zone 10% in Door Zone
Red dashed line = 9.5’ from curb (85 percentile opened car doors)
Red dashed line = 9.5’ from curb (85 percentile opened car doors)
38% in Door Zone 13% in Door Zone 0% in Door Zone
EDUCATION OF CYCLISTS
EDUCATION OF MOTORISTS
Dustin WhiteSF Municipal Transportation Agency
[email protected](415) 701-4603
San Francisco Bicycle Program www.bicycle.sfgov.org
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