Farmers settled in fertile river valleysGrew surplus (extra) foodLed to an increase in populationSettlements grew into cities
Examples: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus River Valley
http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/athens
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_Ancient_Jerusalem.jpg
http://www.penfall.com/architecture/back-by-popular-demand-googlegap-but-with-cooler-graphics
HTTP://WWW.DREGATE.COM/CLIPART/CLIPART3/PAGES/MEDIEVAL%20COUNCIL.HTM
Governments run by councils or religious leaders develop to safeguard (to protect) food supply and irrigation systems
Provide defense
Religious leaders conducted elaborate ceremonies (rituals) to appease the gods (polytheism) and insure a good harvest.
Drought and floods blamed on the anger of the gods.
http://meynu.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/gods-of-ancient-egypt.jpg http://www.carnaval.com/greece/festivals/http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_-Qnopyq_sDE/TMNO8FlAgLI/AAAAAAAAAMo/WoNsSrROH5g/s1600/image84532543.jpg
As civilizations became more complex, artisans and craftsmen were needed to build and maintain specific items and tasks. No longer could individuals do all the work
Some concentrated on teaching, scribing, stonecutting, etc.
As jobs became more specialized so did the status and needs of individuals.
A social hierarchy was created:Kings, warriors, and religious leaders were on the top rung.
Herders and slaves were on the bottom rung.
Records were needed to keep accounts on trade goods and food storage.
Writing necessary because the information was too great.
Ideas, such as belief and social order needed to be expressed --- pictures and simple words would not suffice.
http://thomas09.wordpress.com/2008/05/12/travel-journal/hieroglypics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiform
http://www.truton.com/2BIOLOGY/ChineseMind.html
Expressed the beliefs and values of a people
Different styles were developed and copied by societies
Art used to impress visitors and people about the beauty and power of a king or community
http://www.fanpop.com/spots/ancient-greece
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