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Objectives for Module
Comparison of ancient philosophers
Discussion of how these philosophersimpact or influence education today
Discussion of impact on nursingknowledge and education
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Ancient Map of Mesopotamia
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Ancient World
Preliterate societies
Mesopotamia 7000 BCE
Sumerians 3000 2250
Egyptian civilization legacy
Consider papyrus with black ink still legible5000 years later. Will digital be accessible in
5000 years?
Ancient China
Confucius 551-479 BCE
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Ancient World --
Ancient China
Confucius 551-479BCE
China's most famousteacher, philosopher,and political theorist,whose ideas have
influenced thecivilization of East
Asia.
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Confucius Quotes
I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and Iunderstand.
Respect yourself and others will respect you.
Study the past if you would define the future.Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without
moon and star.
Everything has its beauty but not everyone sees it.
Some of these struck me as timely for this discussionand course. Especially the first one.
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Ancient China
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Ancient Philosophers
Quest for knowledge = throughout history
Aristotle in Metaphysics All men[sic] by
nature desire to know
Do you see this with nurses? Give example ofhow this is supported or not supported
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Time Periods
BCE = Before Common Era
CE = Common Era or current historicalperiod
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Cosmology
Pre-Socratic Greeks
Interest in Cosmos (world around them)
Mostly Deductive
Underlying unity and diversity Problem of the one and the many
In health care - Who gets the treatment?
One with great need costing $$$$ or Many who can be helped in prevention for much
less per person?
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Classical Greek
Greek Socrates
Academic freedom ofright of teacher to teach
and learner to learnwithout arbitrarypolitical authority orcountering publicopinion
Socrates: Wisest is hewho knows he knowsnot
Plato
Idealist
Probed meaning oflife
Aristotle
Realist
Purpose of educationto cultivate humanexcellence
Higher educationstarted at 21
Socrates
Plato &
Aristotle
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Knowledge concerned withuniversal
Level of existence surpassed physicalreality
Plato
Forms
Socrates
Ideas
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Aristotle
Built on Socrates and Plato
Speculative (theoretical) sciences = goal ofcreating knowledge
1st philosophy (metaphysics) physics, mathematics Practical Sciences - focus on ability to act in light of
knowledge ethics, politics & economics
Productive Sciences - goal to produce something
Fine arts, medicine, architecture, rhetoric
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Greeks
knowledge for knowledge sake
True of nurses? Majority?
Why true or not?
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Shift to Sophists
Used empirical, inductive
Looked for practical ends
Search for Absolute Truth =
Universally True, without doubt, not subject to change Relative Truth =
Dependent on context, relative to specific context orsituation
Which do you fit with? Which do most nurses you know fit with?
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Practical End!!!
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Key with Ancients
Sought to achieve universal, objectiveTruth about the world,
To be certain about what they knew to thegreatest degree possible
Same as today???
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Syllogism
Thank Aristotle for them
Derive Truth from fundamental element oflogic
3 statements (simplest truth, basic and finalmore comprehensive truth or generalconclusion and middle connects the first and
last)
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Syllogism
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Classical Roman
Quintilian
Self control and discipline
Father primary teacher of children
Power of Oratory
Consider commercials, political debates etc.
Use in Nursing and Health care?
Greek slaves tutored the Roman children
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Philosophy of Education
Look at development in relation to life & times ofthe philosopher
Confucius - response to time of social unrest &
practical turmoil Plato - multidimensional nature and basichuman questions
Aristotle - Natural Realism and ideas on
schooling Quintilian - rhetorical education, Roman who
incorporated Greek concepts about education
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Ancients Today?
What is the enduring impact of Egyptians
Greeks
Romans
What if any of these can we use in nursingeducation today?
What of the following All men by nature
desire to knowThe metaphysics byAristotle Is this quote true of Nurses today? Why, Why
not?
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Issues for Consideration
How does nursing use or not use AncientPhilosophy?
What Education Philosophy of Ancients would
you say is useful today? Why? How? In Nursing?
What of folklore, myths, legends?
What is your Philosophy of
Education related to Nursing? Any influence from ancients? Which ones and why?