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Infrared Thermography &Passive Ultrasound for
Electrical System Inspections
Ultrasound World II ConferenceClearwater Beach, FL
November 6-9, 2005
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Infrared Thermography use of a thermal imager to detect,
display and record the thermal patterns and temperatures
across the surface of an object
Passive Ultrasound use of an ultrasonic translator to
detect, measure and record sound patterns for an object
Traditionally, these technologies have been used
individually; however, combining them overcomes
limitations of each and can provide complimentary data
Introduction
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Typical Modern Imagers
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Camera Sensitivity
Imagers can detect delta Ts as small as 0.1 C
Handprint on table detectable for up to several minutes
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IR and Ultrasound for Electrical Distribution Systems
Uses: Preventive/Predictive MaintenanceCondition Monitoring
Quality Assurance
Forensics
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Common Causes of Thermal Anomalies
Loose/deteriorated connectionsImbalanced Loads
Overloads
Open Circuits
Inductive HeatingHarmonics
Defective Equipment
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Common Causes of Ultrasound Anomalies
Corona
Arcing
Tracking
Partial Discharge
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Loose/Deteriorated Connections
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Loose/Deteriorated Connections
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Loose/Deteriorated Connections
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Imbalanced Loads / Overloads
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Open Circuits
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Inductive Heating
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Destructive Harmonics
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Blocked Transformer Radiators
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Low Oil in OCB
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Defective Insulators
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Defective Lightning Arrestors
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Resist temptation to provide repair recommendations Apparent loose connection due to defective internal contact
Breaker causing power outages
Replacement was required
Clear Line of Sight Not Always Possible
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Avoid using temperature rise as a severity indicator
Bushing indicated low to moderate temperature rise of 10 F
Problem due to loose internal connection with arcing
Arcing can cause sudden catastrophic failure!
Diagnosing Exceptions & Recommendations
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Airborne ultrasonic testing complimentary to IR
Uses ultrasound translator to detect ultrasonic
frequencies associated with corona, arcing &
tracking
Same preparations as IR Inspections
Training and certification recommended
Airborne Ultrasound
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Corona
Tracking
Arcing 26.8
24.4
*>28.4F
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Clear line of sight required
Equipment must be under load
Atmospheric conditions can affect results
IR equipment can affect accuracy
Safe work practices must be used
Results dependent upon operator skills Proper training imperative for success!
Key Points
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Technologies require same preparations
- Save preparation time
Technologies compliment each other
- Detect problems that individual technology could miss
Combined technologies:
- Are completely passive
- Are non-destructive
- Require no interruption of service
- Can be performed remotely
- Can help to improve reliability & reduce downtime
Benefits of Combining IR & Ultrasound
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Who is Infraspection Institute
Independent organization providing training, certification and
support for infrared thermographers.
Our Level 1, 2 and 3 Certification courses meet the training
requirements for NDT personnel in accordance with the ASNT
document, SNT-TC-1A.
Since 1984, Infraspection Institute has trained nearly 7000 Certified
Infrared Thermographers worldwide.
Recognized by the US Office of Patents &
Trademarks only Infraspection Institute is authorized
to issue the Certified Infrared Thermographer markto qualifying individuals.
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How We Can Help You
We support the practicing thermographer in order to helpyou get the most from your IR inspection program!
We maintain a comprehensive website containing thermalimages, class schedules and information aboutthermography.
For more information or to register for classes,
Call: 609-239-4788
Online: www.infraspection.com
Online: www.irinfo.org
IR Training for the REAL World
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About the Instructor
R. James Seffrin is a Level III Certified Infrared
Thermographer with over 20 years field experiencein commercial and industrial thermography.
Jim has authored several papers and technical
articles on thermography. He has co-authored
several standards including the Infraspection
Institute Guidelines. He has also worked as anexpert witness in legal cases in several states and
in Europe.
An Infraspection grad in 1984, Jim joined
Infraspection as an instructor and curriculum
developer in 1997. Jim became Director of the
Institute in 2000. You are likely to meet Jim at oneof our courses or at our annual IR/INFO
symposium.
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