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Telecommunications and Networks
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More electronic commerce, enterprise collaborat
online business operations and strategic advantagin markets
More vendors, carriers, alliances, and networkservices, accelerated by deregulation & Internetgrowth
Extensive Internet, interconnected local & globaldigital networks, improved transmission channel
IndustryTrends
echnologyrends
ApplicationTrends
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*
Overcome Geographic Barriers: Capture information aboutbusiness transactions from remote locations.
Overcome Time Barriers: Provide information to remote locations
immediately after it is requested.
Overcome Cost Barriers: Reduce the cost of more traditionalmeans of communications.
Overcome Structural Barriers: Support linkages for competitiveadvantage.
Major Strategic capabilities
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Surf andE-mail
Internet Chatand
Discussion Forums
Download andComputer
Search Engines
E-CommerceTransfer
Protocol (FTP)and Telnet
Popular Usesof the
Internet
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Increase Customer Loyalty & Retention
Reduce the Cost of Doing Business
Generate New Revenue Sources
Attract New Customers
Deriving BusinessValue from e-CommerceApplications
Develop New Markets & Channels
Develop New Web-based Products
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TelecommunicationsSoftware
1
2 3
4
52
PCs, NCs,and OtherTerminals
ComputersTelecommunicationsChannels and Media
TelecommunicationsProcessors
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Types of Networks
Local Area Networks (LANs) Wide Area Networks (WANs)
Intranet Extranet Internet
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** Limited distance (usually within 10 KM)* Privately Owned*
Usually use a broadcast medium* e.g. Coaxial cable, Fiber Optics, Virtual* LANs defined by Physical technology:
- defines physical and data link layer*
type and wiring of broadcast medium* protocol for sharing broadcast medium
* LANs Topology:- Bus- Ring- Star- Mesh
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NetworkServer
SharedDatabase and
Software Packages
SharedPrinter
PCPC
PC PC PC
Internetwork Processor to Other Networks
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California Norway
Belgium
Pennsyl-vania
Manitoba
BritishColumbia
Chile
Ontario
Japan DominicanRepublic
WideAreaNetwork
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RouterIntranet
Server
Host System
IntranetServer
TheInternet
Fire wall
Fire wall
RouterExtranet
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The use of Internet Technology to build aprivate corporate network - Intranet
The extension of Intranet to cover theBusiness partners of an Corporation Extranet
Use of high security and access controlsuch as firewalls
Intranet and Extranet
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Acts as a reservoir
of company info likeprovident fund
rules, HR policies etc.
Are an interaction
platform for theemployees to
discuss projects,share ideas Enhances project
Management
and reportingsystems
Intranets are internalnetworks that let youaccess informationby simple browsing
as on theWorld Wide Web
Helps improve
workflow andincrease
productivity
Lets you shareInformation withcolleagues spread
over variouslocations,
simultaneously
How the Intranet Works
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IntranetApplication
Corporate/Department/
IndividualPages
Access IntoSearchableDirectories
PublishingCorporateDocuments
Mail WorkgroupCollaboration
SoftwareDistribution
UserInterface
OtherInformation
andUses
Intranet Applications
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Policies and Procedures Engineering Groups
Information Historical Information Employee and Group
Information Sharing Design Drawings Technology Centers Sales Support Centers
Competitive Analysis Strategies Financial-Management
Query Corporate Newsletters
Internal Applications onIntranet
Product Information Project Information Access to Data Warehouse Product Support
Databases Training and Registration Newswire Clippings Software Libraries Phone Directory Conference Room
Reservations Libraries Subscription Services
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Performance Tracking Surveillance Application Front-end Whiteboard Conferencing Travel Plans
Art Libraries Directions Maps Indexing Engines
Knowledge Preservation Official Travel Guide Manufacturing
Information
Employee Info-bases Employee PropertyManagement
Policies and Procedures
Jobs Benefits Literature Ordering Stock Quote Information Catalogs
Internal Applications on Intranet
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Extranet
An extranet is a private network that uses the Internetprotocols and the public telecommunication system to securelyshare part of a business's information or operations withsuppliers, vendors, partners, customers, or other businesses
An extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet thatis extended to users outside the company
What are extranets?
Intranet
Company A
Company C
Company B
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Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) Share product catalogs exclusively with wholesalers or
those "in the trade" Share inventory status, order status and such other
business information Collaborate with other companies on joint development
efforts Jointly develop and use training programs with other
companies Provide or access services provided by one company to a
group of other companies, such as an online bankingapplication managed by one company on behalf of affiliated banks
Share news of common interest exclusively with partnercompanies
Applications of Extranets
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ClientSystems
Servers
Host Systems/Superservers
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NetworkServer
Host SystemSuperserver
Client
User InterfaceApplication Processing
Application ControlDistributed Database
Central database controlHeavy duty processing
Server Server
NetPC
Browser-basedUser Interface
Web OSApplication Software
Application
DBMS
DB
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Th I t ti l St d d O i i (ISO) l
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The International Standards Organizations (ISO) seven-layerOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Application orProcess Layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
Host-to-Host Transport Layer
Network Interface
Physical Layer
ApplicationLayer
PresentationLayer
SessionLayer
TransportLayer
NetworkLayer
Data LinkLayer
PhysicalLayer
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Application Layer. This layer provides communications
services for end user applications.Presentation Layer. This layer provides appropriate datatransmission formats and codes.
Session Layer. This layer supports the accomplishment of
telecommunications sessions.Transport Layer. This layer supports the organization andtransfer of data between nodes in the network.
Network Layer. This layer provides appropriate routing byestablishing connections among network links.Data Link Layer. This layer supports error free organizationand transmission of data in the network.
Physical Layer. This layer provides physical access to thetelecommunications media in the network.
*
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*
* 7: Application layer* E.g., terminal emulation, file transfer
*
6: Presentation layer* Handles encryption, compression, other translation of messages
* 5: Session layer* Establishes and terminates connections between applications
* 4: Transport layer* Divides messages into packets;assembles packets into messages
* 3: Network layer* Finds routes for packets; transmits them to next node
* 2: Link layer* Breaks packets into frames; sends frames between nodes
* 1: Physical layer* Sends bits over wires
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*
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TCP/IP IP is lowest layer (equivalent to the OSI network layer)
- moves a packet from one host to another- connectionless protocol (no guarantee of reliabledelivery)- each packet contains a 32-bit address of thedestination host- each host has its own unique address- Internet is running out of addresses- partly because addresses allocated inefficiently- eventually move to more than 32-bit addresses
TCP (equivalent to OSI transport layer)-establishes a reliable connection between processes on
two hosts-TCP makes up for unreliability of IP by resending lost
blocks
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UDP
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