Tata Steel Slide
5 November 2015
Graphene coatings for Steel
Dr Samson Patole, TATA Steel R&D –
Project leader: Graphene/Carbon Technology
Dr. Sai Shiva Reddy- Collaborative research Lead ,Cambridge
TATA steel R and D
Dr.Sohail Hajatdoost – Knowledge group leader, Advanced coatings, TATA Steel R and D
Cambridge Graphene Days 2015 Organised by C4IR Global Network www.cir-strategy.com
Tata Steel Slide
Outline
� Introduction to TATA Group and TATA STEEL
� Challenges to steel industry
� Graphene anticorrosion coatings
� Graphene coatings for electrochemical energy storage
� Summarise
Tata Steel Slide
Introduction to the Tata Group
� Operations in more than 100 countries and 611,794 employees
� Total revenues of over $100 billion (67% from outside India)
� Ranked world’s 11th most reputable and 17th most innovative company
Tata Steel Slide
Tata Steel Group
One of the world’s most geographically-diversified steel producers
� Top 12 global steel producer
� Annual crude steel capacity of more than 28 million tonnes
� Around 80,000 employees
� Manufacturing operations in 26 countries across 5 continents
� Present in both mature and developing markets
� Turnover in 2014-15: approximately $ 25 billion (€22.0 billion)
� Fortune 500 company
Tata Steel Group
5
Tata Steel Slide
Tata Steel Group
A global network serving demanding markets worldwide
Western Europe
Steel making operations
Distribution anddownstream assets
North America
WesternEurope
Scandinavia
CIS
WesternAfrica
South Africa
Latin America
ChinaJapan
IndiaHong Kong
New ZealandSales offices
SE Asia
Key
Turkey
CEE
6Introducing Tata Steel
Tata Steel Slide
Our key markets
Serving the most demanding markets worldwide
Packaging
Automotive Construction
Energy & power
Rail
Aerospace
Consumer products Defence & security
Lifting & excavating
7Introducing Tata Steel
Tata Steel SlidePresentation title, change View >> Header & Footer
Sai Shivareddy
Part 2: Graphene applications on steel for Energy storage
Cambridge Graphene days 2015
Tata Steel Slide 10Energy storage technologies
A comparison of energy storage capacity versus power handling capacity.
Comparison of various energy storage devices : Ragone Plot
For portable applications both energy and power density needs to be high
Tata Steel Slide 11Example: Enhanced capacitive energy storage
Dielectric capacitor Electrochemical supercapacitor
Basic idea in capacitive energy storage
Pictures source: wikipedia & Würzburg University
Tata Steel Slide 12Tailoring morphology of nanocarbons
Exfoliated Graphene
Enhancing energy density through high surface area and low density nanocarbons
Carbon nanohornsGraphene growth on copper by CVD
Carbon nano-onions
Tata Steel Slide 13Example: Hybrid Ultracapacitor
Hybrid Ultracap: Enhancing energy density through dielectric coatings on nanotubes
Models of different
types of capacitors
Hybrid capacitor
structure with
voltage profile
Tata Steel Slide 14Example: Hybrid Ultracapacitor
a) b)
c) d)
Hybrid Ultracap: Atomic layer deposition on Carbon nanotubes on metal foils
a) MWNTs grown by thermal CVD b) Close up of the nanotubes c) Nanotubes coated with Al2O3 by ALD d) Closeup
Tata Steel Slide 15Example: Hybrid Ultracap device performance
Cycle number
0 50 100 150 200
Cap
aci
tan
ce
re
ten
tio
n (
%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
As deposited
Dielectric coated
Frequency (Hz)
10-1 100 101 102 103
Ca
pa
cita
nce
(F
/cm
2)
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
As deposited
Dielectric coated
Potential (V)
-4 -2 0 2 4
Curr
ent
(mA
)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
As depositedDielectric coated
Hybrid Ultracap: Electrochemical performance - Higher operation voltage achieved
Tata Steel Slide 16Example: Hybrid Ultracap
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
0
20
40
60
80
100 CNT 40nm Al
2O
3
20nm Al2O
3
-Phase
(deg)
Log (Frequency) (Hz)
Better high frequency performance with aluminium oxide coated capacitor
Hybrid Ultracap: Electrochemical performance - Higher frequency attainable
Tata Steel SlidePV applications
DSSC Substrate – Back Conductor Layer Requirements
General Properties:
• Ability to withstand the working electrode sintering operations, ~ 500°C
• Flexible
• Good Planarity, Ra<1µm
• Environmental stability, particularly corrosion resistance and ability to tolerate day-to-day and season-to-season thermal cycling
• Adhesion to Insulating layer
• Compatibility with reel-to-reel processing
Electrode Selection:
Adequate conductivity of the backing electrode, resistances < 15 Ω/sq
Connectability
Patternability
Tata Steel Slide 18Challenges for graphene on steel
Industrial challenges and Outlook
Biggest challenge faced is the scale in which the steel industry operates
We should be able to coat millions of square metres with tonnes of the material depending on the application. Speeds ~ 100 m/min
Working with our suppliers and customers – getting over the challenges
~ 20 000kg coils
Tata Steel Slide 19Acknowledgements
Thank you!
Acknowledge support from members Tatasteel R&DAcknowledge support of Cambridge Graphene centre Thank the organisers of CIR for the invite
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