9. Each layer in the 5-layer TCP/IP Internet Model offers
different services , has different protocols running on top of it
resulting in different message structures, and has different modes
of addressing.
10. Process-process communication Logical communication,
segment level error detection/correction, guaranteed delivery
Host-host communication, data fragmentation, forwarding/routing,
best effort delivery Node-node communication, bit-level error
detection/correction, best effort delivery Bit-level data delivery,
best effort delivery Application Transport Network Link
Physical
11. DHCP, DNS, RIP, HTTP, FTP, SMTP TCP, UDP, ICMP*, TLS/SSL
IP, ICMP*, ARP*, IPSec ARP*, MAC (Ethernet, DSL, DOCSIS) RZ,
NRZ-I/L, Manchester, Differential Manchester, ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK
Application Transport Network Link Physical * - denotes protocols
which span two layers
12. Process ID Port Number IP Address MAC Address - Application
Transport Network Link Physical
13. Application Transport Network Data Link Physical
Application