4s-orbital is filled before the 3d sub-shell. However,
4s-electrons are lost before the 3d- electrons. Write the
electronic configuration of 1)Fe 2)Fe 2+ 3)Mn 2+ 4)Co 2+ 5)Ag+
Slide 2
Module 2, L1-7 mini test on Friday 11 th Nov Quick 10 on redox
reactions on Monday 14 th November
Slide 3
Ionic bonding L.O.: Describe ionic bonding as the electrostatic
attraction between oppositely charged ions. Draw dot-and-cross
diagrams for ionic compounds. Describe structures with ionic
bonding as giant ionic lattices. Predict ionic charge from an
elements position in the Periodic Table. State the formulae for the
ions NO 3 ; CO 3 2 ; SO 4 2 ; and NH 4 +.
Slide 4
How many electrons are there in the outer main levels of noble
gases? Why are the called noble gases? Why are they
unreactive?
Slide 5
Full outer main level => stability
Slide 6
How can sodium attain the electronic structure of a noble gas?
How can a chlorine atom attain the electronic structure of a noble
gas?
Slide 7
SODIUM CHLORIDE Cl SODIUM ATOM 2,8,1 Na CHLORINE ATOM
2,8,7
Slide 8
SODIUM CHLORIDE Cl SODIUM ION 2,8 Na CHLORIDE ION 2,8,8 both
species now have full outer shells; ie they have the electronic
configuration of a noble gas +
Slide 9
SODIUM CHLORIDE Cl SODIUM ION 2,8 Na CHLORIDE ION 2,8,8 NaNa +
+ e 2,8,1 2,8 ELECTRON TRANSFERRED Cl + e Cl 2,8,7 2,8,8 +
What type of elements are Na and Mg? What type of element is
Cl?
Slide 13
Ionic boding occurs between metals and non-metals Electrons are
transferred from metal atoms to non-metal atoms. Positive and
negative ions.
Slide 14
Cl - Chloride ion Na + Sodium ion A giant ionic lattice is a
three-dimensional structure of oppositely charged ions, held
together by strong ionic bonds.
Slide 15
GIANT IONIC CRYSTAL LATTICE Each Na + is surrounded by 6 Cl
(co-ordination number = 6) and each Cl is surrounded by 6 Na +
(co-ordination number = 6). Oppositely charged ions held in a
regular 3-dimensional lattice by electrostatic attraction The
arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice depends on the relative
sizes of the ions
Slide 16
GIANT IONIC CRYSTAL LATTICE Each Na + is surrounded by 6 Cl
(co-ordination number = 6) and each Cl is surrounded by 6 Na +
(co-ordination number = 6). Oppositely charged ions held in a
regular 3-dimensional lattice by electrostatic attraction The
arrangement of ions in a crystal lattice depends on the relative
sizes of the ions
Slide 17
Dot-and-cross diagrams of CaO
Slide 18
Dot-and-cross diagrams of AIF 3
Slide 19
Draw dot-and-cross diagrams to show the ionic bonding in: a)
potassium chloride, KCl b) magnesium chloride, MgCl2 c) lithium
sulphide, Li 2 S d) sodium sulphide, Na 2 S
Slide 20
Predicting ionic charges 1.Groups 1 to 3 usually form 1+ to 3+
ions 2.Groups 5 to 7 usually form 3- to 1- ions 3.Transition metals
are DIFFERENT. They can often form many different ions, though
often they are 2+ or 3+ 4.BUT Carbon, silicon and beryllium usually
dont form ions
Slide 21
Molecular ions Molecules as well as atoms can form ions
Important examples include: Ammonium ion (NH 4 + ) Hydroxide (OH -
) Hydrogencarbonate (HCO 3 - ) Phosphate (PO 4 3- ) Think of 3 or
more molecules that are charged.