Download - 4G Wireless Jnda 2011

8/13/2019 4G Wireless Jnda 2011

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Jos Nez de Arco M.


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IEEE 802


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IEEE 802 WIRELESS NETWORK TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS

Network definition

Wireless personal areanetwork (WPAN)

Low-rate WPAN (LR-WPAN)

Wireless local area network

(WLAN)

Wireless metroplitan areanetwork (WMAN)

IEEE standard

IEEE 802.15.1

IEEE 802.15.4

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.16

Known as

Bluetooth

ZigBee

WiFi

WiMAX

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IEEE 802 standardisation framework

802.1

Manage-ment

802.3

MAC

802.3

PHY

802.5

MAC

802.5

PHY

802.11

PHY

802.11a

PHY

802.11b

PHY

802.11g

PHY

802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)

802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC)

CSMA/CD(Ethernet)

CSMA/CA

TokenRing

CSMA/CA (Wireless LAN)

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CSMA/CD (Ethernet)802.3

Medium Access Control (MAC)

CSMA/CA = Carrier Sense Multiple

Access with Collision Avoidance

physical layer specified in 802.11

FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread

Spectrum) 2Mbps

DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum) 11mbps

802.11

signal format is OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing)

54Mbps802.11a

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Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

802.1

Manage-ment

802.3

MAC

802.3

PHY

802.5

MAC

802.5

PHY

802.11

PHY

802.15.1

MAC+

PHY

802.2 LLC

802.11

MAC

802.15.4

MAC

+

PHY

802.16

MAC

+

PHY

Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG)

ISM band: 2.4 2.4835 GHz

Data rates up to700 kbit/s (2.1

Mbit/s)

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Low-rate WPAN (LR-WPAN)

802.15.1

MAC

+

PHY

802.15.4

MAC+

PHY

802.16

MAC

+

PHY

802.1

Manage-ment

802.3

MAC

802.3

PHY

802.5

MAC

802.5

PHY

802.11

PHY

802.2 LLC

802.11

MAC

ISM band: 2.4 2.4835 GHz

ZigBee Alliance

Data rates up to

250 kbit/s

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Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)

802.15.1

MAC

+

PHY

802.15.4

MAC

+

PHY

802.16

MAC+

PHY

802.1Manage-

ment

802.3

MAC

802.3

PHY

802.5

MAC

802.5

PHY

802.11

PHY

802.2 LLC

802.11

MAC

Various frequency bands (not only ISM)

WiMAX

Various datarates up to 100

Mbit/s andmore

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NetworkIEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)

IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN(ZigBee)

IEEE 802.11 WLAN (WiFi)

IEEE 802.16 WMAN(WiMAX)

Multiplexing / MA / duplexingTDMA / TDD

CSMA/CA

CSMA/CA

TDM/TDMA (down/uplink) /TDD or (semi-duplex) FDD

Multiplexing / multiple access / duplexing (2)

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Network

IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)




Maximum data rate

1 Mbit/s (Bluetooth v. 1.2)3 Mbit/s (Bluetooth v. 2.0)

250 kbit/s

11 Mbit/s (802.11b)54 Mbit/s (802.11g)

134 Mbit/s

Maximum channel data rates

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Network

IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN(Bluetooth)




Modulation / spreading method

Gaussian FSK / FHSS

Offset-QPSK / DSSS

DQPSK / DSSS (802.11b)64-QAM / OFDM (802.11g)

128-QAM / single carrier64-QAM / OFDM

Modulation / Signal spreading

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IEEE 802.11 WLAN architecture

802.11 defines two BSS (Basic Service Set) options:

Infrastructure BSS Independent BSS(Ad-Hoc network)

AP

wired

LAN

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WiMAX fijo (PP) en

el 2005-2006,

WiMAX nmade

(portable) en 2006-

2007

WiMAX mvil(integrado en PDA,

Notebooks, etc.)

desde el ao 2008,

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Bandas licenciadas y libres

Cobertura desde metros hasta 30 Km

Velocidades de usuario desde cientos

de Kbps hasta decenas de Mbps

Despliegues con vision directa (LOS)

indirecta (NLOS) entre estaciones

base y CPEs

Aplicaciones fijas, portables y

mviles en interiores y exteriores

Serviciosclase IP

claseTDM

(ATM)

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3G 4G


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1G basic

mobile voice

2G capacity

and coverage

3G mobile

broadband

IP-based network

architecture with Orthogonal

Frequency Division Multiple

Access (OFDMA) based air

interface technology

WiMAX (Worldwide

Interoperability for

Microwave Access) , LongTerm Evolution (LTE), Ultra

Mobile Broadband (UMB),

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mobile phones

Nokia, Motorola, LG, and Samsung

Functionalities:

keyboard, which is virtual and rendered on a touch screen.

User friendly graphical user interfaces. Internet services such as email, web browsing and local Wi-Fi connectivity.

Built-in camera with image/video capturing.

Media player with audio and video decoding capability.

Smart media management tools for songs, photo albums, videos, etc..

Phone call functionalities including text messaging, visual voicemail

sold 270 000iPhones in thefirst 30 hours

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lack Mobile TV support to receive live TV programmes. Multi-user networked 3D games support. Realistic 3D scene rendering. Stereo image and video capturing and rendering. High definition visuals.

Factors computational capability power constraints of the mobile devices available bandwidth and transmission efficiency of the wireless

network quality of service (QoS) support of the network protocols

universal access capability of the communication systeminfrastructure compression and error control efficiency of video and graphics

data.

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KeyTechnologies

3GPP LTE/LTE-Advanced

3GPP2 UMB

Mobile WiMAX based on IEEE 802.16m

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3GPP LTE

scalable bandwidth from 1.25 to 20MHz

FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) and TDD (Time Division

Duplex)

downlink peak rate of 100Mbps and uplink with peak rate of

50Mbps in 20MHz channel

latency of less than 100 msec for control-plane, and less than 5

msec for user-plane

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LTE Evolved UMTS

Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)

Downlink based on OFDMA

Uplink based on SC-FDMA

MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system

MBMS (multimedia broadcast multicast services)

either in single cell or multi-cell mode

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Mobile WiMAX

scalable channel bandwidth from 1.25 to 20MHz

scalable OFDMA

peak downlink data rate of up to 63Mbps

peak uplink data rate of up to 28Mbps in the 10MHz channel

MIMO antenna techniques and flexible sub channelization schemes

end-of-end QoS is supported by mapping the service flows to the

DiffServ code points of MPLS flow labels.

optimized handover schemes are supported in Mobile WiMAX by

latencies of less than 50 milliseconds

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advanced features of

MOBILE WIMAXsmart antenna technologies including Beamforming,

Space-Time Code, and Spatial Multiplexing

spatial diversity and fade margin reduction by STC,

and SM

Flexible sub-channel reuse is supported by sub-

channel segmentation and permutation zone.

The Multicast and Broadcast Service (MBS) is

supported.

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Multiple-Input-Multiple-OutputMIMO) technology

multiantenna systemtechnology

phased array,

spatial division multiple

access (SDMA),

spatial processing,

digital beamforming,

adaptive antenna (AAS)

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Diversity Techniques

Frequency diversity

Time diversity

Space diversity Antenna Diversity

Polarization diversity Antenna

Diversity

Angle diversity Antenna Diversity

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Frequency diversity

carries the signals in different carrierfrequencies far apart with each other.

Frequency separation must be more than the

coherence bandwidth to achieve uncorrelated

signal fading.

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Time diversity

sends the data over the channel at

different times. Time separation is

directly proportional to the

reciprocal of the fading bandwidth,

which is proportional to the speedof the mobile station.

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Space diversity Antenna Diversity

uses multiple antennas in the

receiver, which have distance in

between to ensure independent

fading. The separation around

half-wavelength is ample toobtain uncorrelated signals.

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Polarization diversity

Antenna Diversity

utilizes the antennas either for ahorizontal polarized wave or a

vertical polarized wave. This can

be a special case of space diversity

and only two diversity branches

can be possible.

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Angle diversity Antenna Diversity

is achieved by directional antennas. The

received signal arrives at the antenna via

several paths, each with a different angle of

arrival. The signals that are received from

different directional antennas pointing at

different angles are uncorrelated.

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STATISTICAL PARAMETERS TO CHARACTERIZE A WIRELESS CHANNEL

Delay spread

Coherence bandwidth

Doppler spread

Coherence time

Flat and frequency selective fading

Slow and fast fading

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Reusable private addresses

IP Address Classification

there can be 4,294,967,296 IP addresses

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IPv6IP address field is increased from 32 to 128 bits in

length and incorporation of address hierarchy issupported,

Simplified header format is introduced,

Extension headers and options are supported,

Authentication and privacy is provided,

Auto-reconfiguration is provided,

Incremental upgrade is possible,

Low start-up costs is provided,

Quality of service capabilities is provided,

Mobility is supported.

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IP session

connection-oriented (TCP)

connectionless (UDP)

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IP Routing

ProtocolsInternal Gateway Protocols (IGP) such as Routing

Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path

First (OSPF) carry out routing within a networkmanaged by a single operator.

External Gateway Protocols such as Border Gateway

Protocol (BGP) handle routing between autonomous

systems and are used, for example, to connect the

gateways belonging to different ISPs on the Internet.

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consider three interfaces

air

access network

core network

DiffServ: Differentiated ServicesIntServ: Integrated ServicesRSVP: Resource Reservation ProtocolMPLS: Multiprotocol Label SwitchingDPI: Deep Packet Inspection

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IP Security

CONFIDENTIALITY

AUTHENTICATION

INTEGRITY

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IP


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IP

Tunneling

PPP:Point-to-Point Protocol

AAA

Authentication,

Authorization andAccounting

RADIUS

protocol

DIAMETER

base protocol

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SIP Agent

User

Agent

(UA) is the

peer

entity

SIP Proxy

Proxy

serverforwards

requests

to the

correct

location

of the

UAs.

SIP Registrar

UAs

register

their

currentlocation

info to

Registrar

server.

Location

info may

include IPaddress,

cell ID

SIP Redirect

UA request

is

respondedwith

redirection

response for

UA to

initiate new

call to thelocation.

SIP Location

UAlocation

info is

stored

and

updated.

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P-CSCF:Proxy-Call Session Control Function

S CSCF:Serving-Call Session Control

I-CSCF:Interrogating-Call Session Control

AS:Application Server hosts services for

subscriber

HSS:Home Subscriber Server

BGCF:Breakout Gateway Control Function is

used to select the circuit-switched

network

MGCF:Media Gateway Control Function

controls Media Gateway (MGW External

signaling (SS7/ISUP) from circuit-

switched network is translated to SIP in

MGCF.

MRF:Multimedia Resource

Function

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is a flat, all-IP based core network with asimplified architecture and open interfaces MME Mobility Management Entity

SGW Serving Gateway

PDN GW Packet Data Network Gateway

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eNBs, which is the base station of LTE EvolvedNodeB

UE: User Equipment

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BCCH:Broadcast Control Channel is to

transmit broadcasting system

control information.

PCCH:Paging Control Channel is to

transmit paging information

when UE is unlocated.

CCCH:common Control Channel is

used by UE when UE has no RRC

connection.

MCCH:Multicast Control Channel isused to transmit MBMS control

information, which is point-to-

multipoint (eNB to UEs) and only

UEs that receive MBMS use it.

DCCH:Dedicated Control Channel

is a point-to-point

bidirectional channel used

by UE for RRC connection.

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DTCH:Dedicated Traffic Channel is a

point-to-point bidirectional

channel dedicated to one UE

to transfer user information.

MTCH:Multicast Traffic Channel is a

point-to-multipoint channel

for transmitting traffic data

from the network to the UE

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LTE with WiMAX

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WiMAX + IMS/NGN Solution


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WiMAX + 2G Solution


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Huawei 16e Standalone Solution


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16e Integration into Existing 2G/3G Network


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