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30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET

GOVERNING FACTORS AND IMPLICATIONS OF

SPATIALLY VARYING DRINKING WATER IODINE

CONCENTRATIONS

DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA

picture: www.halusky.co.uk

MedGEO 2015, Aveiro DENITZA D. VOUTCHKOVA


Chaosheng Zhang (NUI Galway, Ireland), Jörg Schullehner & Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen (GEUS)

Nikoline Nygård Knudsen & Annette Kjær Ersbøll (University of Southern Denmark)

Project, Funding, Participants

SLIDE 2

(2011-2014)

Gardner Research Grant & Student Travelling Grant

Other collaborations



Iodine…

… plays an essential role in human

metabolism and the early development [1]

… deficiency is the single most important

preventable cause of brain damage [2]

… recommended daily intake:150 µg for

adults, 250 µg in pregnancy and lactation [1]

… intake is insufficient for about 44% of the

population in WHO Europe region [3]

SLIDE 3

[1] WHO, Iodine Deficiency in Europe: A continuing public health problem, M. Andersson, et al., Editors. 2007, World Health Organization, UNICEF: France. p. 1-86.[2] WHO, Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers. – 3rd ed., 2007, World Health Organization: Switzerland p. 97.[3] Zimmermann, M.B. and Andersson, M., Update on iodine status worldwide. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 2012. 19(5): p. 382-387.[4] Pedersen, A.N., Fagt, S., Groth, M.V., Christensen, T., Biltoft-Jensen, A., Matthiessen, J., Andersen, N.L., Kørup, K., Hartkopp, H., Ygil, K.H., Hinsch, H.J., Saxholt, E., and Trolle, E., Danskernes kostvaner 2003 - 2008, 2010, DTU Fødevareinstituttet. p. 1-200

25%

[4]



Objectives & Data

› To map iodine in Danish DW and GW

› To study the spatial patterns

› To elucidate the governing factors

› To connect DW quality data with health register data

SLIDE 4

Source: PhD thesis



Study design

SLIDE 5

› Criteria

› Water companies involvement

› Sampling: April-June 2013

› Samples from 144 waterworks received to the lab

Sources: Paper 2, Paper 3, PhD thesis



Results

SLIDE 6

Sources: Paper 2, PhD thesis

Total iodine == Iodide + Iodate + Organic Iodine

Concentration< d.l. to 126

µg/L

Iodine speciation, major and trace elements



average

Spatial variation of total iodine in drinking water

SLIDE 7

› How do we present it?

› Optimal conceptual model?

a) Interpolation (here IDW) *

b) East vs. West ^

c) Municipalities ^

d) Areas with similar characteristics based on Local Moraine's I analysis ^

e) Supply areas of the waterworks*

Sources: ^ Paper 2, * Paper 3



SLIDE 8

DW contribution to RNI

Source: Paper 3

Source: Paper 2

Exposure from DW



Governing factors

SLIDE 9

› Geology & hydrogeochemistry

› Groundwater treatment

› Possible effects from the treatment› Organic ↔ inorganic iodine › Iodine lost to the atmosphere (I2)› Iodine removal in the treatment

against ferrous iron




Iodine in Danish groundwater (brief summary)

› Heterogeneous spatial distribution at …… national scale… local scale… different depths of the same

well/aquifer

› Elevated iodine concentrations … … predominantly at depths >40 m.b.t… in samples of GW older than 25 years

(>27µg/L) … associated with reduced and alkaline GWs… related to the marine origin of the aquifers

› Site and depth specific factors

SLIDE 10




3

SLIDE 11

2

1

For further detail:



Perspectives

SLIDE 12

Jörg Schullehner (11:20, Thursday)

Nitrate in drinking water & gastrointestinal cancers

Nikoline Knudsen(9:20, Friday)

Lithium in drinking water & suicide

?Unique opportunity for:

-> register based studies-> public health + drinking water-> beneficial/adverse effects

Birgitte Hansen (10:00, Th.)

[email protected]


30. JULY 2015AARHUSUNIVERSITET THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

Wyoming Center for EnvironmentalHydrology and Geophysics (WyCEHG)University of Wyoming

@DenitzaV

BLOG: water-research.info

Denitza Voutchkova

[email protected]