Bread wheat breeding for yellow rust resistance at ICARDA: Current status and prospects
W. Tadesse, O. Abdalla, S. Rajaram, F. Ogbonnaya, A. Hagras, M. Keser, R. Sharma, K. Nazari, M. Sanchez-Garcia, Q. Sohail, A. Abdalat and M. Baum
April 28-May 1, 2014
Izmir, Turkey
Trends in Wheat Production Area and Yield in the World & CWANA, 1961-2010
19611964
19671970
19731976
19791982
19851988
19911994
19972000
20032006
20090
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
CWANA Area (ha) World Area (ha)CWANA Yield (t/ha) World Yield (t/ha)
Area
(Mill
ha)
yiel
d (t
/ha)
19611964
19671970
19731976
19791982
19851988
19911994
19972000
20032006
20090
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
8000000
9000000
10000000
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Effect of drought on Wheat production in Morocco, 1961-2010
ProductionAreaYield
Year
Are
a ( h
a) &
pro
ducti
on (
tons
Yiel
d (t
/ha)
Hessian Fly in(Mayetiola destructor) North Africa
• Serious pest in North Africa; cause yield losses of 36 -100%.
Production loss of cultivar Achtar : 100,000 T Monetary loss : $ 30 m US dollarsEstimated Yield loss Gereck : 40% Monetary loss : > $52 m US dollars Syria: Cham 8, Cham 6 : 30-80 % yield lossEthiopia : Attila (Kubsa): 40-70% yield loss
Yellow rust in CWANA
ICARDA’s Wheat Breeding Objectives
• High yield potential and broad adaptation
• Resistance to major diseases and insects
• Drought, heat, cold and salinity tolerance
• Grain quality
• Capacity building of NARS through training
Strategies and approaches
• Classification and targeting major MEs
• Shuttle breeding
• Marker assisted selection
• Use of wide crosses (Synthetics)
• Hot spots for disease screening
• Multi-location testing
Breeding Methods and Germplasm Flow
F3- F4 Selected bulk
F5Pedigree selection
PYTs
F6 : selected bulk
F2Pedigree selection
IN
Crossing block1. Simple (P1 x P2)2. Back cross (F1 x P1 or P2 )
3. Top cross ( F1 x P3)
DH
& M
ASQ
ualit
y an
alys
is
AYTs
Terbol Lebanon
Kulumsa Debre Zeit,
Ethiopia
Key Locations
LebanonTerbol
MoroccoMarchuoch
+ Jemaat Shaim
EgyptSids
EthiopiaKulumsa +
DZ
SudanWadmedani
TurkeyIzmir
Marchouch + Jemaat Shaim: Yellow rust, Septoria, drought tolerance, HF resistance
Sids: Yield potential
Imirz: Screening for rusts (Lab +field)
Kulumsa /Dz: Stem rust, yellow rust, septoria, fusarium
Wadmedani: Heat tolerance
Terbol: CB, adaptation, yield potential, rusts, cold, drought (at Kheferdan)
Distribution of International Nurseries and Yield Trials
The following International nurseries and yield trials have been distributed from Terbol station, Lebanon to more than 40 countries in the CWANA region and beyond up on request from the NARS .
1. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for CWANA (14th CWANA SBWON)
2. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for heat tolerance (14th SBWON HT)
3. Spring bread wheat yield trial for irrigated environments (14th CWANA ISBWYT)
4. Spring bread wheat yield trial for dry-land environments (14thCWANA DSBWYT)
5. Elite spring bread wheat yield trial (14th ESBWYT)
6. Especial nursery for SSA through the AfDB project support
Geographic distribution of ICARDA s’ spring bread wheat international nurseries, 2013
Wheat accessions with high level of combined resistance to yellow rust and septoria, 2011-2012.
FIGS approach• About 732 wheat landraces and wild
relatives have been identified through FIGs approach and were screened for resistance to yellow rust and septoria for two years (2011-2012).
• As indicated in the Fig, 9 genotypes of T. monococcum; 12 genotypes of T. timopheevii; 94 genotypes of T. turgidum and 15 genotypes of T. aestivum have been identified with high level of resistance to both yellow rust and septoria diseases.
• These genotypes will be used in the pre-breeding program for gene pyramiding.
Triticum aes-tivum ; 15 Triticu
m timo-phee-vii ; 12
Triticum
turgidum; 94
Triticum monococcum,
9
YR response of 24 elite FWW genotypes, Telhadya, 2011-2012
No
Variety/Pedigree
YR
response
Yield under
rain-fed (kg/ha)
Yield under
irrigation (kg/ha)
Combined yield (kg/ha)
1 JI5418/MARAS//SHARK/F4105W2.1 5R 4941 5372 51572 Solh (Check) 10MR 4872 6365 5619
3 4WON-IR-257/5/YMH/HYS//HYS/TUR3055/3/DGA /4/ VPM /MOS 5R 5098 7514 6306
4 ERYT783-96/SHARK-1 5R 4477 5908 51925 FRET2/TUKURU//FRET2 10MR 4902 5642 52727 SHI#4414/CROWS"//GK SAGVARI/CA8055 5R 4676 7910 6293
8 CAR422/ANA//YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/4/BUCUR/5/BUCUR 10MR 5381 6540 5961
9 ZANDER-6/5/YE2453/4/KS831024/3/AUR/LANC//NE7060 5R 5566 6219 5892
10TRAP#1/YACO/3/KAUZ*2/TRAP//KAUZ/6/SN64//SKE/2*ANE/3/SX/4/BEZ/5/JUN/7/SHARK-1 10R 4700 6681 5691
11
PLK/LIRA/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//[CI13441]/4/GRK79/6/MNCH/7/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO 10MR 4354 8116 6235
12 ZANDER//ATTILA/3*BCN 5R 5754 7974 6864
13 BOH4/7/WA476/3/391//NUM/5/W22/5/ANA/6/TAM200/KASYAN 5R 4640 7159 5900
14 RANA96/3/RSK/CA8055//CHAM6 10MR 4705 5115 491015 PANTHEON/BLUEGIL-2 5R 5235 8127 668116 BLUEGIL-2/CAMPION 5MR 3665 6884 527417 DAGDAS/APCB-40 10MR 4162 7095 562918 TAM200/KAUZ/4/CHAM6//1D13.1/MLT/3/SHI4414/CROW 5R 4101 7046 557419 SPN/NAC//ATTILA/3/TRAKIA 5R 5047 6379 571320 KARL/NIOBRARA//TAM200/KAUZ/3/TAM200/KAUZ 5R 4421 8354 638821 CADET/6/YUMAI13/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//CI13441/CANON 5R 4452 6871 5661
22
TOB/ERA//TOB/CNO67/3/PLO/4/VEE#5/5/KAUZ/6/URES/JUN// KAUZ/7/URES/JUN//KAUZ/8/VEE/MJI//2*TUI/3/2*PASTOR 5R 4727 7735 6231
23
NWT/3/TAST/SPRW//TAW12399.75/6/VEE/TSI//GRK/3/NS55.03/5/C126.15/COFN/3/N10B/P14//P101/4/KRC67 5R 4414 6482 5448
24 Bezostaya (Check) 40 MR 3596 5559 4577
Tadesse et al 2014, Crop Science
High yielding , drought tolerant and Hessian Fly resistant spring bread wheat genotypes, Marchuch, 2013
Hessian Fly Resistant
GenotypeYR
response
Yield (t/ha)
% of Arrehane
KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA
5R6.93 131
TINAMOU-3/BANA-4 40MS 6.59 125NESSER/SERI/3/SHUHA-2//NS732/HER 40MS 6.51 123MUNIA//CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/4/MARCHOUCH-8
10MR6.37 121
NESSER/SERI//TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 15MR 6.33 120KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA
5R6.32 120
YEBROUD'S'//DOVE'S'/SERI/3/SAFI-1 10MR 6.17 117SHUHA-4/FLORKWA-4//HUBARA-3 5MR 6.07 115KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA
10MR6.05 115
TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6//MASSIRA 5R 5.99 114CHILERO-1/STAR'S'//SHUHA-2/FOW-2 15MR 5.93 112NESSER/SERI/3/SHUHA-2//NS732/HER 10MR 5.92 112NESSER/SERI//TEVEE-1/SHUHA-6 40MS 5.92 112MUNIA//CHEN/ALTAR 84/3/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/4/MARCHOUCH-8
5R5.87 111
KAUZ/PASTOR/3/ALTAR 84/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//OPATA
10MR5.70 108
QIMMA-12/PASTOR-6//QIMMA-12 30MS 5.65 107KARAWAN-1/TALLO 3//REGRAG-1 5R 5.64 107ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (219)//SERI/3/MASSIRA 5R 5.63 107ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (219)//SERI/3/MASSIRA 5R 5.62 107KARAWAN-1/TALLO 3//JADIDA-2 5R 5.58 106Arrehane (check) 15MR 5.27 100
Mean grain yield level (t/ha) of selected elite genotypes at Sids, 2013
NAME PEDIGREE YR response at Merchouch
Yield (t/ha)ATTILA/3*BCN//FLAG-2 ICW06-00784-21AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-5AP-0AP 20MR 11.1FLAG-3/ICARDA-SRRL-5 ICW06-00858-7AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-5AP-0AP 10MR 10.6FLAG-6/ICARDA-SRRL-6 ICW06-00859-19AP/0KUL-0DZ/0AP-0DZ/0AP-2AP-0AP 15MR 10.3SERI 82/SHUHA'S'//GRU90-204782/3/MUNIA/CHTO//MILAN AISBW05-0252-1AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 50S 10.19KAUZ'S'/SERI/4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//FCT/3/STAR
AISBW05-0259-11AP-0AP-0AP-4AP -0SD 30S 10.0KATILA-15//MNCH/3*BCN ICW05-0481-2AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.9SERI 82/SHUHA'S'//GRU90-204782/3/MUNIA/CHTO//MILAN AISBW05-0252-1AP-0AP-0AP-3AP-0AP 50S 9.9SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/KAUZ/FLORKWA-1 AISBW05-0390-7AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 20MR 9.8KAUZ'S'/SERI/4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//FCT/3/STAR
AISBW05-0259-4AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 70S 9.8KAUZ'S'/SERI/3/KAUZ//KAUZ/STAR AISBW05-0088-1AP-0AP-0AP-3AP -0SD 70S 9.6ATTILA 50Y//ATTILA/BCN/3/STAR*3/MUSK-3 AISBW05-0043-10AP-0AP-0AP-7AP-0AP 40S 9.6DEBEIRA/4/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/AOS/3/KAUZ ICW05-0597-2AP-0AP-0AP-4AP-0AP 40S 9.5KASYON/GENARO 81//TEVEE-1/../4/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/KAUZ
AISBW05-0112-12AP-0AP-0AP-2AP -0SD 20MR9.5
DEBEIRA/4/KAUZ//ALTAR 84/AOS/3/KAUZ ICW05-0597-8AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 40S 9.5KAUZ/AA//KAUZ/3/KAPSW/SHUHA-17 AISBW05-0321-4AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.4BOUSHODA-1/4/SHUHA-2/3/BOW'S'/NKT'S'//TEVEE'S' ICW05-0521-3AP-0AP-0AP-2AP -0SD 30S 9.4KAUZ//MON/CROW?S?/4/SERI.1B//KAUZ/HEVO/3/AMAD ICW05-0534-22AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 20MR 9.4ATTILA 50Y//ATTILA/BCN/3/STAR*3/MUSK-3 AISBW05-0043-10AP-0AP-0AP-5AP-0AP 50S 9.3KAUZ//MON/CROW?S?/3/VEE/PJN//2*KAUZ ICW05-0512-20AP-0AP-0AP-1AP -0SD 30S 9.3DEBIRA 50S 9.3MISR-1 50S 9.7SIDS-12 70S 9.3
Grain yield performance of elite spring bread wheat genotypes at Khafardan (rainfed) and Terbol (irrigated) environments, 2013
• At Terbol, grain yield performance of
the genotypes ranged from 2.5-7.6
t/ha while at Kheferdan, the yield
level ranged from 1.5 t/ha to 5 t/ha
• Genotypes such as #10 (HAALA-34),
#43 (MOUKA-4/RAYON), and #60
(QAFZAH-33*2/SALSAL-2) are among
the best high yielding genotypes both
at Terbol and Kheferdan locations
indicating that they do have both
drought tolerance and high yield
potential.
Yellow Rust Leaf rust Septoria0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
R (≤10) MR (15-20) S (≥30)
Wheat diseases
Num
ber o
f lin
esResponse of elite spring bread wheat genotypes rust and septoria, 2012/13
Yellow rust Stem rust Septoria0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Wheat diseases
Num
ber
of li
nes
a) Marchouch (Morocco)
b) Kulumsa (Ethiopia)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
671
412
712
Response of 1795 spring bread wheat genotypes in PYT to yellow rust at Marchouch, Morocco, 2013/14
R (≤10) MR (15-20) S (≥30)
Num
ber o
f lin
es
Is the YR race similar in the CWANA region? Response of selected bread wheat cultivars in Marchouch, Morocco, 2013/14
Digelo
Arrehane
Attila-7 KBG
PBW-343
Pavon
Cham-8
Aguilal
Saada
Debeira
Achtar
SIDS-12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80YR
sev
erit
y in
%
Response of spring bread wheat genotypes to stem rust at Kulumsa, 2013
• .
Performance of wheat genotypes at Debrezeit, Ethiopia,Nov. 8, 2013
Wheat genotypes response for stem rust at Debrezeit, Nov 2013
DW genotypes response to stem rust at Debrezeit, Nov, 8, 2013
Association mapping for yield potential, drought tolerance and yellow rust resistance
Y irr; Y RF; YR; * < 0.01
Source: Tadesse et al, 2013
wPt-466447.1wPt-260058.6wPt-5556
60.6 wPt-619961.7 wPt-4125
wPt-619263.2wPt-849265.7wPt-199270.1tPt-51368973.1wPt-114075.6wPt-149479.1tPt-412586.9wPt-375590.3wPt-051096.6wPt-4210101.7wPt-2415103.8tPt-4248106.0wPt-4072112.2wPt-6643117.9wPt-7829119.8wPt-2214125.4
2BL Yr(5, 7)
tPt-855750.0wPt-73218352.3
tPt-904889.8wPt-312792.4wPt-73100299.0tPt-513202105.0wPt-664937107.9
6A Yr(D, Dru2)
tPt-8698126.6
wPt-0137134.5wPt-1553140.5wPt-4025146.4wPt-0312148.6
7BL Yr (39, C591, ZH84)
wPt-45370.0
wPt-91928.6wPt-74459515.0wPt-127216.6wPt-104619.9wPt-855520.4wPt-1120325.4tPt-159333.4
4B
wPt-66417460.3wPt-492462.1wPt-316865.7wPt-855467.8wPt-889268.8
6BL
Association mapping profiles of resistance to P.tritici. Consensus linkage maps are based on information from Diversity Arrays Technology PTL. On the left, values are genetic distance in centimorgans (cM). On the right, diversity array technology markers (bold) are significantly associated with resistance to YR. On the far right side, the reported Yr genes are indicated.
Tadesse et al 2014. Crop science
Marker Chr Pos P FDR R2
wPt-2600 2BL 58.6 0.00310 0.0003 5.6 wPt-5556 2BL 60.6 0.00113 0.0001 6.6 wPt-6199 2BL 61.7 0.00191 0.0002 6.2 wPt-6192 2BL 63.2 0.000062 0.000063 7.1 wPt-4125 2BL 63.2 0.00276 0.0003 5.6
wPt-744595 4BS 15.0 0.00178 0.0002 6.0 wPt-1272 4BS 16.6 0.00178 0.0002 6.0
wPt-732183 6AS 52.3 0.00002 0.00003 8.3 wPt-8554 6BL 67.8 0.00161 0.0001 6.7 wPt-4025 7BL 146.4 0.00446 0.0003 5.4
Recently released varieties by NARS from ICARDA’s wheat breeding Program Variety Name
Type Cross/PedigreeYear of Release
Country
SIDS-13 SBW KAUZ//TSI/SNB 2010 Egypt
HOGGANA SBW PYN/BAU//MILAN (= ETBW 5780 2011 Ethiopia
SHORIMA SBW UTQE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN 2011 Ethiopia
HULUKA SBW UTQE96/3/PYN/BAU//MILAN 2011 Ethiopia
KARIM SBW T.AEST/SPRW//CA8055/3/BACANORA86 2011 Iran
GOUMRIA-3 SBW VEE#7/KAUZ 2013 Sudan
GIZIL BUGDA FWW SAULESKU41/SADOVO1 2009 Azerbaijan
CHUMON FWW CADET/6/YUMAI13/5/NAI60/3/14.53/ODIN//CI13441/CANON 2012 Tajikistan
TACICAR FWW OR F1.158/FDL//BLO/3/SHI4414/CROW 2012 Tajikistan
BUNIYODKOR FWW DORADE-5//KS82117/MLT 2012 Uzbekistan
RIJAW FWWPATO/CAL/3/7C//BB/CNO/5/CAL//CNO/SN64/4/CNO//BAD/
CHR/3/KL../6/SABALAN2011 Iran
HUMA
FWW PYN/PARUS/3/VPM/MOS83-11-4-8//PEW/4/BLUGIL 2011 Uzbekistan
Capacity Building of NARSClassical and Molecular Approaches in Wheat Breeding
Summary
Strengthen the search and introgression of novel resistance alleles (pre-breeding)
Continue to combine major genes with minor genes in adapted and high yielding cultivars for multiple disease resistance using molecular markers
Strengthen and promote IPM options
Improve access to better seeds
Strengthen database management and networking
Capacity building of NARS
Acknowledgements
• ICARDA’s Wheat Team+ M.Sc. and PhD students
• NARSs in the CWANA
• INRA-Morocco; ARC-EGYPT; AUB & AREC-Lebanon; EIAR-Ethiopia; ARC-Sudan and Turkey
• WHEAT CRP; CIMMYT; GRDC; AfDB, EU-IFAD, YASP
Thank you
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