An overview of activities in Bihar and EUP
R.K. Malik, Ajay Kumar, Shahnawaz Dar, and Andrew McDonald
CSISA Project
Bihar Hub Districts and link with EUPH
EUPH Hub Districts
Production System
Rice Wheat Maize Rice Wheat Maize0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
t/ha
Bihar EUPH
Potential yield of rice- wheat cropping system can be as high as
16.0 tones/ha
Hub Domain • Population -- 25 Million • Total No of Household -- 4 Million • Total Sown Area -- 1.4 Million
ha• Total Cropped Area -- 1.9 Million ha • Irrigated Area -- 1.1 Million ha
PartnersEUPH
• Service providers ZT – 136 LLL- 8 MTUPR- 9 KVKs – 7 DOA- 3 SAU- 1 Dealers Private sector Monsanto, BCS Syngenta, UPL, NFL. NGOs - 2
CBH• Service providers
ZT – 588- game changes
LLL- 7 MTUPR- 3 KVKs – 5 DOA- 6- add value, bigger audience
SAU- 2 ICAR, Patna IARI, Pusa Dealers Private sector Monsanto, BCS, Syngenta, UPL, NFL. NGOs - 4
Challenges
•Stagnant growth•Decline in profits•Cycles of late planting •Water and mechanization holds the balance.• Labour cost advantage disappearing.•Vacuum between extension agencies and farmers and between research and extension•Realignment of districts
Value Creation • Direction -priority setting which is based on farmers
need and culture of implementation.• Innovation - Working with farmers, service providers,
private entrepreneurs, women groups and NGOs e.g. crop intensification, diversification, machine modification etc
• Speed- Cultivate good relations with DOAs. Facilitated purchase of machine, training of service providers, network of service providers.
• Sustainability- Capacity building, ownership to local players like DOAs, KVKs, SAUs, ICAR.
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES- FOLLOW UP
• Add practices designed to boost growth and development of cereal systems.
• Late sowings make the crops ( and CA) uncompetitive and less inputs further exhaust them and make them more uncompetitive.
• Impact assessment need to concentrate on DOS, Hybrids, other component technologies and intercropping.
• Water saving- core issue is DSR but MTUPR is also highly valued by farmers.
• Community nursery or one-to-many concept.• It is important to understand each other needs- farmers need
for high yields and scientists need for resource conservation as well
Opportunities
• DSR in lowland ecologies• MTUPR in upland ecologies.• MTU-7029, Swarna sub-1, Rajendra Mahsoori, Rajshree for
lowland, long duration hybrids.• Short duration varieties/hybrids, Sahbhagi dhan for upland
irrigated/rainfed and for crop intensification.• Replacement of long duration varieties with hybrids for
system productivity.• Timely seeding and transplanting.• Community nursery
Opportunities
• Early wheat seeding- Long duration varieties i.e. PBW-343, 502, HD-2733, HD-2824 and Baaz
• Long duration• ZT Wheat• Maize Hybrids- Bed planting, Intercropping, weed
management in cropping system.• ZT in pulses• Crop intensification• SSNM
Levels of activity and decisions in the scaling-out stage
Technical options testing phase Nutrient Expert with date of sowing New herbicides for complex weed flora New hybrids for intensification Intercropping options Support studies: Demonstrations and adaptive research ( interface with BISA and Research platform and SAUs quantitative on-farm trials, on-farm demonstrations)
Scaling up Scaling up -service providers, grass root extension workers Scale of intervention through partners especially DAOs Joint Demos Adoption of best management practices All above under the platform of CA and best management practices
Learning culture Support groups for information sharing Knowledge and information sharing among partners Feedback into research process- Partners
Technology promotion Through capacity building CA and technical interventions thorough seed and inputs Dissemination materials and approach-videos
Reach a conclusion Empowerment and social change Data management – yield gains, profits, employment, number of farmers, benefits to environment, expansion in to other sectors like fodder quality, participatory variety selection and intercropping options
Community organizations Capacity building and networking Field days Travel seminarsSHGs and NGOsCommunity nursery
MTU-7029 Hybrids
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Machine transplanted rice into non-puddled soil
All districts Cost effective and improves productivity.
Directly-sown rice Lowland ecologies in all districts
Saves water and labour.
Use of herbicide mixtures for weed control integrated with cultural techniques such as stale beds
All districts Reduces yield losses and depletes weed seed bank.
Hybrids All districts Generates 10 – 15% yield advantage.
Priority Setting in Rice
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Timely sowing All areas where field drainage is not a constraint
Yield increase of 10 – 50% over prevailing farmer practices.
Zero tillage All districts Substantial savings in land preparation and also, in cases, irrigation costs. Significant yield advantages, especially when early sowing is facilitated.
Long duration and high yielding varieties
All districts with more emphasis in Maharaj ganj, Sidharath nagar, Gorakhpur and Kushinagar districts
Substantial yield advantages when couple with earlier planting (ca. 10%)
Modern weed management All districts Yield enhancement, less weed seed bank, and weed flora will change from complex weed flora to simple weed flora.
Better-bet irrigation All districts Will increase the grain yield of wheat by 15 – 20% in many years.
Priority Setting in Wheat
Technical intervention Target districts Benefits
Laser land levelling All districts Saves irrigation water and costs; increases yield and fertilizer use efficiencies.
Intensification through triple cropping and inter-cropping
Maharjganj, Sidharth nagar in EUPH and Begusarai, Samastipur and Vaisalli in CBH
300% cropping intensity is possible where irrigation permits.
Bed planting Basti, Deoria, Kushinagar, East Champaran, in EUPH and Begusarai, Samastipur , Lakhisarai, Vaisalli in Bihar
Resource use efficiency and income enhancement..
Site-specific nutrient management All districts Can result in 15 – 25% yield increase over FP and state recommendations
Zero tillage lentil Mokana tall areas, Nawada in CBH and East/West Champaran in EUPH
Permits cropping in previously fallow areas.
Priority Setting in Cropping System
Strategy
Interventions
Targets
Gains Area%
1. Laser Land Levelling Water 05
2. Early Transplanting –MTUPR/ community nursery Yield 05
3. Power tillers based ZT machines Yield 05
4. Conventional Till Direct seeded Rice (CTDSR) Water 02
5. Hybrid rice with less N-use Profits 15
6. Area expansion in Kharif and spring maize Water 02
7. Intercropping with Rabi Maize, summer moong and ZT soybean Profits 10
8. Yield premium -Early wheat sowings Yield 15
9. Zero tillage wheat and lentil-ResiduesSustainability 10
10. Yield premium-Long duration wheat varieties Yield 25
TEN POINT PROGRAM (TPP)
FIVE POINT PROGRAM- CAPACITY BUILDING ( FPP-CP)
Interventions• Women farmers in agriculture
• Augment employability of skilled workers with service providers
• Capacity building- TOT, PG students, Interns
• Training of farmers-training camps, travel seminars
• Ecosystem for entrepreneurships-Tools and machinery, seeds and inputs
Let’s close the yield gaps
THANKS
Direct seeded rice (DSR), Machine transplanted unpuddled rice (MTUPR) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR)
BPT-5204 MTU-7029 Sarju-520
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Performance of 3 popular varieties under DSR, MTUPR and PTR - 2011
DSR MTUPR PTR
Padd
y yi
eld(
t/ha
)
Pooled analysis (2010 & 2011)
Establishment method
Paddy Yieldt/ha
No. of Demos. Std. Deviation
DSR5.322 563 .8325
MTUPR6.776 145 1.2101
PTR5.162 43 .6128
Average5.594 751 1.0760
Performance of hybrids and varieties in MTUPR and DSR in EUP
Prima(8
)
Arize 6
444(10)
Other
Hybrid
s(3)
Arize 6
129(13)
MTU-7029(59)
Swarn
a Sub-1(13)
BPT-5204(69)
Rajender
Mahsu
ri(5)
Sarju
-52(36)
other
Varieti
es(30)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Varieties/Hybrids
Padd
y Yi
eld(
t/ha
)
DSR
Prima(3
)
Arize 6
444(4)
Dhani(1
)
Other
Hybrid
s(4)
MTU-7029(30)
Swarn
a Sub 1(2)
BPT-5204(46)
Sarju
-52(10)
Other
varie
ties(4)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Varieties/Hybrids
Pa
dd
y Y
ield
(t/
ha
)
MTUPR
Date of sowing/ transplanting (Pooled analysis 2010 & 11)
Direct Seeded Rice
Sowing datePaddy yield
(t/ha)No. of demos. Std. Deviation
10-20 May5.895 17 .3592
20-31 May5.817 110 .6002
1-10 June5.269 214 .8299
11-20 June5.102 177 .8423
21-30 June5.039 40 .8630
1-10 July4.755 2 .5020
11-20 July4.900 3 .7937
Average5.322 563 .8325
Machine transplanted unpuddled rice
Transplanting date
Paddy yield (t/ha)
No. of demos. Std. Deviation
1-10 June7.059 10 1.2394
11-20 June7.216 40 1.0100
21-30 June6.764 44 .8330
1-10 July6.524 38 1.2443
11-20 July6.137 12 2.0750
21-31 July4.150 1 .
Average6.776 145 1.2101
Polynomial relationship between sowing time and grain yield of wheat under ZT and
CT
ZT CT
Effect of irrigation and residue retention on wheat yield under ZT
irrigations
Wheat Yield(t/ha)
No. of demos. Std. Deviation
One irrigation3.7447 17 .78752
Two irrigations3.8166 61 .81074
Three irrigations4.2350 20 1.03204
Four irrigations5.4967 3 .08145
Five irrigations5.5620 5 .41919
Total4.0139 106 .94354
Residue Management
Wheat Yield(t/ha)
No. of demos. Std. Deviation
Without residue
4.3600 1 .
Full residue
5.1907 15 .29456
Partially burnt
4.8738 8 .25729
Total
5.0504 24 .34259
Multiple Land Use- Brassica- spring maize and rice
300% cropping intensity
200% cropping intensity
$/ha $/ha
A. Gross Revenue 3732.18 2711.111
Land preparation 221.511 46.66667
Crop establishment 176.978 149.4444
Fertilizer costs 193 173.3333
Plant Protection costs 143.333 108.8889
Irrigation costs 320 248.8889
Harvesting expenditure 208 191.1111
Land rent 555.556 555.5556
Interest on Capital 179.4 131.3778
B. Total cost 1997.78 1605.267
Net Return (A-B) 1734.4 1105.844
Maize Hybrids + Intercrop Maize equivalent yield (t/ha)
Pinnacle + Cauliflower 10.8
Pinnacle + Mustard+ Sesame+ Coriander 11.9
Pinnacle+ Mustard +Cauliflower 13.4
Pinnacle+ Mustard* 8.5
Proagro-4640+Chickpea 7.4
Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.5
Proagro-4640+Mustard 7.1
Proagro-4640+Pea 7.3
900M Gold + Cauliflower 16.9
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