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Group Members:Nabeel Hussain Syed Owais Ali Present to; Respected Sir Manoj Kumar (SP07-BB-0006) (SP07-BB-0135)
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Presentation Topic
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Agenda Definitions Expert System Concept Expert System Components Expert System Tasks Expert System Domain Expert System Characteristics Advantages of Expert Systems History and Examples Summary
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Knowledge-based SystemsA knowledge-based system is a program whose performance depends more on the explicit presence of a large body of knowledge than on the possession of ingenious computational procedures.An Expert System is a KBS whose performance is intended to rival that of human experts. I.e., an expert system achieves expert level performance, while being highly domain specific.
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How ES differ form other AI Subject matter of realistic complexity that
normally requires a considerable amount of human expertise. High performance interms of speed and reliability is needed. Must be capable of explaining and justifying solutions or recommendations.
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Expert System DefinitionAn expert system is a computer program that represents and reasons with knowledge of some specialist subject with a view to solving problems or giving advice.Possess knowledge Specific domain Solving problem or giving advice
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Expert System componentsUser interface Explanation facility- explains reasoning of thesystem to a user
Knowledge Base production memory (rules) Working memory- global database of facts Inference engine Agenda- prioritized list of rules satisfied by facts Knowledge acquisition facility
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Expert System Tasks The interpretation of data Diagnosis of malfunctions Structural analysis of complex objects Configuration of complex objects Planning sequences of actions
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Engineering MotivationsFaster Reliable Cheaper Institutionalized memoryE.g., HP micro-fabrication system
Less training
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Expert Systems Domains Medical and health applications Agricultural, Livestock, and food issues
and needs Energy Options Natural Resource Exploitation Space Technology
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Expert System Characteristics Simulates human reasoning about a
problem domain Performs reasoning over representations of human knowledge. Solves problems by heuristic or approximate methods.
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Advantages of Expert systemsIncreased availability Reduced cost Reduced danger Permanence Multiple expertiseIncreased reliability Explanation Fast response; steady, unemotional complete response at all times; Intelligent tutor, Intelligent database
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Early Expert SystemDENDRAL (68, Feigenbaum,Buchanan, Letter berg)first expert system analyzed NMR mass spectrogram data to determine the geometric arrangement of atoms in a molecule. It is (was?) in routine use by chemists, and has contributed to refereed journal publications.
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Different Expert SystemsAgricultural Expert systemsRice-Crop DoctorNational Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) has developed an expert system to diagnose pests and diseases for rice crop and suggest preventive/curative measures. The rice crop doctor illustrates the use of expert-systems.
Farm Advisory SystemPunjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, has developed the Farm Advisory Systemto support agri-business management. The conversation between the system and the user is arranged in such a way that the system asks all the questions from user one by one which it needs to give recommendations on the topic of farm Management.
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Different Expert SystemsMedical Expert SystemHELPThe HELP (Health Evaluation through Logical Processes) System is a complete knowledge based hospital information system. It supports not only the routine application of an HIS including ADT, order entry/charge capture, pharmacy, radiology,nursing documentation, ICU monitoring, but also supports a robust decision suppo
rt function. The HELP system is an example of this type of knowledge-based hospital information system.
PEIRS
(Pathology Expert Interpretative Reporting System) appends interpretative comments to chemical pathology reports (Edwards et al., 1993). The knowledge acquisition strategy is the Ripple Down Rules method, which has allowed a pathologist tobuild over 2300 rules without knowledge engineering or programming support.. PEIRS commented on about 100 reports/day. Domains covered include thyroid functiontests, arterial blood gases, glucose tolerance tests, hCG, catecholamine and a range of other hormones.
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SummaryExpert Systems solved practical problems with applications of logic based Techniques. However, handling certainty was generally given short shrift. There were successes in many areas. Expert System help to make the work easier than everbefore.
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