2017/04/27—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 1
April 27, 2017
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 2
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I
Division of Environmental Material Science, Graduate School of Environmental ScienceThe first semester of Fiscal 201710:30─12:00, Thursday at Lecture Room D103
Bunsho OhtaniInstitute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan011-706-9132 (dial-in)/011-706-9133 (facsimile)
[email protected]://pcat.cat.hokudai.ac.jp/pcat
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 3
objectives/goal/keywords
objectivesUnderstanding of scientific methods based on the studies onchemicals and environments. No transmission of knowledge inchemistry or environmental science is expected.
goalTo find a way of thinking and to understand fundamental scientificmethods for better interpretation of chemistry and environment
keywordsEnvironment and chemicals, Scientific methods, Fundamentals forchemical research
topicsfuel cell: mass communication and scientific articles/microwaveoven/identification of chemical substances/dioxin/climbing MountEverest/A map of European countries: taking laboratorynotebooks/triple crown in science/jamming up in buses: originality inscience/diet control products and methods: ethics/recycle
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 4
format
• Answer several questions in each classes. Any answers areevaluated if meaningful. Answers in null correspond justyour absence. <30%>
• A quiz, leading to and encouraging understanding chemistryand/or science, has to be submitted in the end of this course.<50%>
• Students have to submit "a question" with each nickname toProfessor Ohtani and impression/comments after each classand vote for "question and answer". <20%>
Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science 5
schedule
(1) Apr 13 introduction with introduction(2) Apr 20 mole and Avogadro constant(3) Apr 27 necessary and sufficient conditions/Mt. Everest(4) May 11 microwave oven/Internet(5) May 18 originality in science/fake
May 26 (no class)(6) Jun 1 experimental notebook(7) Jun 8 blood type/chi-square (chi-squared) test(8) Jun 15 cell(9) Jun 22 triple crown
Jun 29 (no class)(10) Jul 6 recycle(11) Jul 13 ecology/green-house effect(12) Jul 20 correlation/recognition/XXXed(13) Jul 27 presentation of quiz (1)(14) Aug 3 presentation of quiz (2)(15)
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Q
What is the substance (shown in chemical formula), not a mixture of compounds, in largest amount in this room not including walls, ceiling and floor?
How much moles is it?
What is the element in largest number of atoms?How many is it?
substances (shown in chemical formula)
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• inner volume of this room• air: ca. 80% of nitrogen (N2) and 20% of oxygen (O2)• 1 mol of gas: 22.4 L at 273 K/24.5 L at 298 K• wooden materials = cellulose (molecular weight?)• iron-made materials = density (ca. 8 g cm-3) and molar
mass (ca. 56 mol-1)・ human beings are made of chemical compounds• Approximately 60% of human body is water (80% in baby).• approximately 85% in a brain• Possibly, water is the largest in molar amount, but depends
on the number of students.• Hydrogen atoms may be the largest in number
calculation of molar amount
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measurement of Avogadro's constant
• prepare a solid sample of pure substance• measure density (volume/mass) of the sample: V (m3 kg-1)• measure number of relative weight of atom in the sample,
atomic mass: u (kg mol-1)• measure number of atoms included in the sample: n (m-3)
Avogadro's constant, NA (mol-1) =
V × u × n
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use of crystal lattice
• crystal: arrangement of atoms in order = the most correct way of calculating number of atoms from the volume of sample
• unit cell: smallest unit of repetition
b a
c α β
γ
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a game: a practice for making a quiz
• first: circle/second: cross
• Both don't like to be beaten.
Q Which, first or second, will win?
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×
○×
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○ ×
×
A At seventh, the first won. Why?
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a game in a two-dimensional lattice
• Only a unit cell had been shown.
• like atoms or ions in crystalline lattices
• unit cell: (in two dimensional lattice) connected to left-right and upper-lowder
• Unit cell can be moved without change in its size and shape.
• putting on a lattice point means putting on all the lattice points.
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×
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×
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× ××
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done!
• secondary-cut hair: 1.506 g• 24.8 g for 598 pieces/9.8 g for 218
pieces = 0.0432 g• total number:
ca. 35,000
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requisites for a researcher
with basic facilities
• fundamental knowledge and skills• communication skills (not only in English)• just doing it, without looking for the reason for not doing
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Photocatalysis
Q Do you know "photocatalysis"?Q Do you know examples of application of photocatalysis other than (1)
photocatalytic decomposition and/or (2) photoinduced superhydrophilicity?
regular PVC Teflon-coated titania-coated
after exposure outdoor for 5 months
air purifier
pipecolinic acid 15
redox-combined photocatalytic reaction
example: photocatalytic synthesis of pipecolinic acid (PCA) from L-lysine
L-lysine ($1/1 kg) → PCA ($500/1 g)
pipecolinic acid 16
photocatalytic synthesis
oxidation of amino group by h+
hydrolysis of imines to give aldehyde or ketone
Schiff base formation by dehydration
reduction by e-
-H2O
HN NH2
COOH
H2N NH
COOH
-H2O
H2N NH2
COOH
H2O -NH3 H2O -NH3
HOCNH2
COOH
H2N O
COOH
N COOHN COOH
NH
COOH NH
COOH
pipecolinicacid (PCA)
cyclic Schiffbase
L-lysine (Lys)
2e-, 2H+ (Pt)2e-, 2H+ (Pt)
2h+ -2H+
pipecolinic acid 17
N
HN
NH2
O
NH2
ONH
COOH
O COOH
NH
NPh
HOOC
H
N
NH
O
NH NH
HN HNCl
H
H
H
HCl
O
ON
NH PhO
inhibitor of protein kinase C
Perumattam, J.; Shearer, B. G.; Confer, W.; Mathew, R. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 7183-7186.
2 steps 8 steps
local anesthetic (Astra, Sweden)
Federsel, H. J.; Jaksch, P.; Sandberg, R. Acta Chem. Scand.
Ser. B 1987, B41, 757-761.
antitumor antibiotic DKP593A
Gitterman, C. O.; Rickes, E. L.; Wolf, D. E.; Madas, J.; Zimmerman, S. B.; Stoudt, T. H.;
Demmy, T. C. J. Antibiot. 1970, 23, 305.
several steps
mycotoxic alkaloidVerruculotoxin
Martens, J.; Scheunemann, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 1417-1418.
3 steps
angiotensin conversion enzymeinhibitor
Flynn, G. A.; Giroux, E. L.; Dage, R. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7914-7915.
L-pipecolinic acid
fine chemicals from pipecolinic acidRopivacaine
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identification: molecular mass
Q
What the molecular mass of, e.g., 160.05 for a certain compound means?
Q
Why figures after the decimal point appears?
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basic requirements for identification
in the field of organic synthesis
• elemental analysis data matching within 0.3% = giving formula like C10H8O2
• NMR spectrum reasonable for a given structure or coincidence with that of an authentic sample
• milli-mass data
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milli-mass spectroscopy
• any atoms except for 12C has after-decimal-point atomic mass• distribution of isotopes
C10H8O2 = 160.052430C9H8ON2 = 160.063663
atom atomic mass abundance atom atomic mass abundance
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photocatalytic reaction of naphthalene by titania
no reports on elemental analysis: gas chromatographic data onlyrequired matching of elemental analysis within 0.3%
problem in photocatalytic organic synthesis
OH OHCHO
CHO
both of them are of C10H8O2 = 160.05
in original report in revised report
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gas chromatography
impossible to IDENTIFY substances by chromatography
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necessary and sufficient conditions
• no sufficient conditions for identification• only necessary conditions/we don't know how many necessary
conditions
if this is the object compoundmolecular weight should be ...elemental analysis should be ...NMR spectrum should be ...infrared absorption spectrum should be ...
(ONLY) probability is HIGH = no proof
A
B
CD
E
必要条件
十分条件《真理》
nc
sctruth
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Mount Everest
Party of Nihon University 1995http://www.everest.co.jp/everest95/nu-ev95.html
ridgethree climbing routes
summit
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Japanese climber arriving the summit 3 times
Mr. Yasuo Kato
(1) 38th in the world/October 26, 19734th for Japanese/first time in autumn season/due to bad weather 13 fingers lost
(2) 105th in the world/May 3, 1980climbing with a VTR camera
(3) 135th in the world/December 27, 1982died on the way back
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Mount Everest
QWho was the first summiteer(s) of Mount Everest?
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the first SUMMITEER
English party: May 29, 1953Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay (Nepalese Sherpa )
Definition of SUMMITEERarriving the summit and coming backIf this is limited to only "arriving the summit", it is impossible to decide who is the first summiteer, since
Mr. George Mallory, who said "Because it is there", tried to summit in 1924 with Mr. Andrew Irvine, butfailed. In 1999 the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, sponsored in part by the TV show Nova andthe BBC, and organized and led by Eric Simonson, arrived at Everest to search for the lost pair. Guidedby the research of Jochen Hemmleb, within hours of beginning the search on 1 May, a frozen body wasfound by Conrad Anker at 26,760 feet (8,160 m/at 180 m down to the summit) on the north face of themountain. As the body was below where Irvine's axe was found in 1933, the team expected the body tobe Irvine's, and were hoping to recover the camera that he had reportedly carried with him. They weresurprised to find that name tags on the body's clothing bore the name of "G. Mallory." The body wasremarkably well preserved, due to the mountain's climate. The team could not locate the camera. Expertsfrom Kodak have said that if a camera is ever found, there is some chance that its film could be developedto produce printable images, if extraordinary measures are taken.
http://www.nepal.co.jp/rne/news/MIURAHI/miura2.htm
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summiting
QHow can you prove the summiting?
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fake in movie
Capricorn One (UK, 1977)
First trial to reach Mars with fake of NASA ...
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requisites for a researcher
with basic facilities
• fundamental knowledge and skills• communication skills (not only in English)• just doing it, without looking for the reason for not doing• double check: humility (modesty) for one's work
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climbing route
• three routes (ridges) to the summit
• no way for traverse• passing A followed by passing B
proves summiting
A
B
C
summit
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comments on this lecture and question
Please send email in Japanese or English within 48 hours
to: [email protected]: me20170427-XXXXXXXX(your id number)
[email protected]<full name><nickname><comments on today's lecture><question(s): at least one>
2017/04/27—Advanced Course in Molecular Environmental Science I 33
sample mail
subject: me20170427-12345678
me20170427-12345678
大谷文章
某教授
今日の講義ではなぜ講義名が「分子環境学特論I」なのかはわかりませんでしたが,これからの講義がすこし楽しみです.
先生はなんでそんなに男前なんですか.
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