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` American People is the product of
Immigration and Diversity
` Is USA a µmelting pot¶ or a nation with agreat variety of nationality?
` Positive Effects of Diversity
Parlindungan Pardede
Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta
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IMMIGRATION
DIVERSITYNationality vs Citizenship
Melting pot vs Diversity
EFFECTS:Enrich American Culture
Increase Human Resources
Enliven Volunteerism/risk-
taker for new things
Highten independence &
optimism
5 34,000-30,000 BC: EARLIEST IMMIGRANTS: Asian intercontinental
wanderers (Indians· ancestors) crossed Bering Strait before the
ice melted.
5 8,000 BC: Primitive Agriculture (Central Mexico
5 3000 BC: Early irrigation (New Mexico)
5 300 BC: First Sign of early village5 100 BC: Housing (pyramid-like moulds) in Phoenix, Arizona, and
Mexico
5 1492: Columbus ¶discovered· America (Bahamas Islands); Indians=
1,500,000
5 1600s: A great tide of immigrant from Europe :
1) To escape political oppression
2) To seek freedom for practicing religion
3) To grasp adventure/opportunities/material comfort they
couldn·t achieve in Europe.
5 1619-1809: Unwilling ImmigrantsAfricans brought as slaves
5 1620-35: 14,000 Englishmen came to America due to Economic
difficulties triggered by industrial revolution5 1780: 75% Europeans living in America were of English & Irish
descent. English prevalent American language
5 1892-1954: Ellis Island (New York) received 12 mil. Immigrants;
and now still receives 675,000 / year
5 Today there are about 5,000,000 illegal immigrants
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ICE AGE (34,000-30,000 BC):
Asian intercontinentalwanderers (Indians¶ ancestors)
crossed Beringia, the land
bridge (± 1500 kms. wide)
In thousand years the wanderers continued their way through up to the present U.S.
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51492: Columbus µdiscovered¶ America
(Bahamas Islands); Indians= 2-8 millions
51920: Indians¶ number decreased to
350,000due to: (1) war with µnewcomers¶
from Europe (2) diseases brought byEuropeans, like smallpox.
51900s: the government µforced¶ Indians
to live in reservations.
51990s: Indians = 2 million (0.8 % of thetotal U.S. population), and only about
one-third of them still live on
reservations.
5Countless words in US are derived from
Indian¶s language, includingMassachusetts,Ohio, Michigan,
Mississippi,Missouri, and Idaho.5 Indians taught Europeans how to
cultivate crops that are now staples
throughout the world: corn, tomatoes,
potatoes, and tobacco.
5Canoes, snowshoes, and moccasins are
among the Indians¶ many inventions.
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The Golden Door
1491: Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbeanlooking for a western route to Asia.
1497 a Venetian sailor, John Cabot arrived inNewfoundland on a mission for the British king, which
was later made the basis for British claims to NorthAmerica.
In 1600s a great tide of emigration from Europe (of whom English were dominant) to North Americabegan. They emigrated in order to:
escape political oppressionto seek the freedom to practice their religion
to find opportunities denied them at home.
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Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall standA mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her nameMother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyescommandThe air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.´Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!µ cries sheWith silent lips. ´Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.Send these, the homeless, tempest-lost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!µ
(Emma Lazzarus)
93 M
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Unwilling Immigrants
In 1619 to 1808, about 500,000 Africans werebrought over as slaves into the U.S.
The process of ending slavery began in 1861 withthe outbreak of the American Civil War betweenthe free states of the North and the 11 slave statesof the South which had left the Union.
Slavery was abolished in the U.S. with the passageof the Thirteen Amendment to the countrysConstitution in 1865.
In 1963, U.S. Congress passed laws prohibitingdiscrimination in voting, education, employment,housing, and public accommodations.
Now, African Americans constitute 12.9 % of thetotal U.S. population.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
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U.S Ancestry1790 (estimate) 2000
1790 2000Ancestry group Number % of
total
Ancestry group Number % of
total
English 1,900,000 47.5 German 42,885,162 15.2
Af rican American 750,000 19.0 Af rican American 36,419,434 12.9
Scottish Irish 320,000 8.0 Irish 30,594,130 10.9
German 280,000 7.0 English 24,515,138 8.7
Irish 160,000 5.0 Mexican 20,640,711 7.3
Scottish 160,000 4.0 Italian 15,723,555 5.6
Welsh 120,000 3.0 French 10,846,018 3.9
Duth 100,000 2.5 Hispanic 10,017,244 3.6
French 80,000 2.0 Polish 8,977,444 3.2
NativeAmerican 50,000 1.0 Scottish 4,890,581 1.7
Spanish 20,000 0.5 Dutch 4,542,494 1.6
Swedish 20,000 0.5 Norwegian 4,477,725 1.6
British (Total) 2,500,000 56.5 Scottish- Irish 4,319,232 1.5
TOTAL 3,929,326 100.0 NativeAmerican 4,119,301 1.5
Swedish 3,998,310 1.4
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0-18 years,
68,424,915,
26%45-64
years,
51,019,410,
20%
19-44
years,
108,579,77
0, 41%
>64 years,
33,489,664,
13%
White,
82.9%
Black,
12.6%Asian,
Pacific
Islander,
3.7%
Hispanic
Origin,
10.1%
American
Indian,
Eskimo,
Aleut,
0.8%
US PopulationbyAge(1995)
US PopulationbyRace(1995)
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