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What is communication
Types of communication
Impacts of culture on communication
Multicultural communication
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Communication is defined as the interchange of thoughts,
information or opinions through shared symbols; e.g.
language, words, phrases.
Some synonyms of the word communication are:
message, word, contact, conversing, discussing, talking;
conversation, discussion, talk, advice, intelligence, news,
tidings.
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Written communication
Non-verbal communicationsignals and signs
Gestures
Verbal Communication
Communication through technology
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We communicate to:
Share our ideas and opinions
Provide feedback to others
Get information from othersGain power and influence
Develop social relationships
Maintain self-expression and our culture
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We communicate and build interpersonal relationships
through:
Speech
WritingListening
Non-verbal language
Music, art, and crafts
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Depending upon the situation, one method ofcommunication may be better than another.
In person: one-to-one
In person: meetings, small groupsIn person: presentations, large groups
Letter
Memo
NoteEmail etc.
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The best way to communicate
an organizational change in unit by memoand small group meetings
the introduction of a new employee by groupand one-on-one meetings
a change in someones job duties by memoand one-on-one meeting
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Your own shyness
Fear of rejection
Peer pressure
Unorganized thinking
Others possibly becoming defensive
Having to deal with aggressive people
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The ability to communicate well has always provided
advantages to those whose posses it.
Organizations cannot function without the open and
effective communicationEffective internal communication
1. Downward
2. Upward
3. Horizontal
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Efficient external communication helps the company to
built good reputation or goodwill.
It includes
LettersProposals
Reports (F.S)
Telephone calls, emails etc.
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Job promotion and professional reputation often depends
on doing well in written and oral communication.
FinanceCommunicate clearly with in organization and
to investors
ProductionDevelop and communicate product
objectives and strategies
MarketingExpress clearly the product qualities and
functions to customer
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It is a primary responsibility in many careers
a) Customer relations
b) Labor relations
c) Marketingd) Sales
e) Teaching
Poor communication can cost an organization time and
money
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Receiver
understands
message
Sender
has
idea
Possible additional
feedback to
receiver
Sender
encodes
message
Receiver
decodes
message
Channel carriesmessage
Feedback
travels to
sender
NOISE
NOISE
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Sender (speaker, encoder)
Speak clearly
Speak Slowly
Subject orientedReceiver (listener, decoder)
Prepare to listen
Establish appropriate eye contact
See listening as an opportunity
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Control your surroundings
Establish a receptive mind-set
Listen for main points
Judge ideas, not appearancesHold your fire
Take selective notes
Provide feedback
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The eyes, face, and body send silent messages
Eye contactFacial expression
Posture and gesturesAppearance sends silent messages.
Appearance of business documentsAppearance of people
Time, space, and territory send silent messages
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Establish and maintain eye contact
Use posture to show interest
Improve your decoding skills
Search for more informationAvoid assigning nonverbal meanings out of context
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Good communication demands special sensitivity and
skills when communicators are from different cultures.
In communication the basis of culture countries have been
divided in to
High context
Low context cultures
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High-Context Cultures
Relational
Collectivist
Intuitive (sensitive)
Contemplative
(thoughtful)
Low-Context Cultures
Linear
IndividualisticLogical
Action-oriented
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High Context
Japanese
Arab
Latin American
SpanishEnglish
Italian
French
North American
Scandinavian
German
Swiss
Low Context
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Understand the value of differences
Dont expect total conformity
Practice focused, thoughtful, and open-minded listening
Invite, use, and give feedbackLearn about other cultures and identity groups
Seek common ground
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What is communication
Types of communication
Impacts of culture on communication
Multicultural communication
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