2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
a nnua l r epor t
N a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n C o u n c i l
Annual Report 2007–08
© Copyright vests in the Commonwealth of Australia and each
Australian State and Territory.
ISBN 978–1–921173–37–0
This work is copyright. It has been produced by the National Environment
Protection Council (NEPC). Apart from any use as permitted under the
Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without
prior permission from the NEPC. Requests and enquiries concerning
reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Executive Officer, NEPC
Service Corporation, Level 5, 81 Flinders Street, Adelaide SA 5000.
Acknowledgement for photographs to Patrick Logistics, Tasman District
Council (NZ), Craig Arnold, Bronwyn Gobbett, David Whittenbury,
and Scott Brooks
a n n u a l r e p o r t2 0 0 7 • 2 0 0 8
Foreword
Australian governments share the community’s concerns about air quality, water quality
and the management of commercial and household waste. All governments are working
cooperatively through the Environment Protection and Heritage Council, which incorporates
the National Environment Protection Council, to tackle these and other key concerns about
the environment.
As the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts and Chairperson of the Council,
I fully appreciate the urgent need to address these significant issues. I am therefore pleased to be able to report
on the good progress made over the past year by the Council.
During 2007-08, Council continued its work on waste management, air and water pollution, water recycling
and the environmental management of chemicals.
Council has had a strong focus on waste management issues and advanced a number of initiatives to tackle
the growing volume of waste in Australia. Council released a public consultation package (including a draft
agreement with industry and a draft National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM)) for a co-regulatory
framework for the management of end-of-life tyres, and is working towards arrangements for end-of-life
computers and television sets. A particular priority for the year ahead will be the development of a national
waste policy to provide a coherent framework for waste management in Australia.
Packaging waste continues to be a key issue for Council and I am pleased to report an increase in the
packaging recycling rate for this year. This is due to the collaborative action of governments and industry under
the National Packaging Covenant and the underpinning legislation provided by the Used Packaging Materials
NEPM. Council also commenced an investigation of the merits of a national container deposit system.
The diversion of industrial wastes to productive uses can benefit industry and the farming community if
properly managed, and Council, together with the Primary Industries Ministerial Council is investigating
an approach to assessing contaminant types and levels in industrial residues and fertilisers. The Assessment
of Site Contamination NEPM provides a nationally harmonised approach to assessing cleanup requirements
for contaminated sites, and Council is developing a variation to this NEPM, taking account of advances in
scientif ic knowledge and technology.
The quality of the air we breathe is vital to our health. Council has advanced the review of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM, which is the nation’s major tool for managing ambient air quality. The review is considering
the latest health evidence and international trends in air quality policy to recommend actions needed to ensure
that Australians are adequately protected from air pollution.
Meeting the air quality challenge in many of Australia’s urban areas requires an increasing focus on all key
sources of emissions. Recognising the signif icant contribution diesel vehicles make to air pollution, the
Council has taken steps to vary the Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM to ensure it adequately reflects changes
to Australia’s diesel fleet and the availability of new technologies. Council is also investigating management
options to reduce emissions from marine outboard and garden equipment engines, as well as from paints.
Following the introduction of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Commonwealth),
Council commenced work to remove overlapping provisions in the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) NEPM.
The NPI now includes reporting of transfers of NPI substances in wastes going to f inal destinations, such
as landfills and tailings dams, and work is underway to incorporate these requirements into industry
reporting handbooks.
With water conservation and management becoming a critical issue, Council continues to work with the
Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council on water recycling and reuse without risking human health
or the environment. Council endorsed the guidelines for the Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies, part
of the Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling, and released draft guidelines for stormwater reuse and
managed aquifer recharge for public consultation.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 iii
Managing the environmental impacts of the considerable number of chemicals in use in Australia (more than
40,000) is a signif icant challenge. Council has worked with the Productivity Commission in its enquiry into
chemicals and plastics regulation, from which is expected to emerge recommendations for an enhanced role
for Council in the management of environmental impacts of chemicals.
Following the review of the National Environment Protection Council Acts, Council published its response
to the review and is now developing amendments to the Acts designed to strengthen the NEPC system.
I would like to thank all Council members and those working with the Council for their efforts during 2007-08
in furthering the national environmental protection agenda.
Peter Garrett AMChairmanNational Environment Protection Council
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8iv
Foreword (continued)
Members of the National Environment Protection Council
2 0 0 7 – 0 8
N E W S O U T H WA L E S
The Hon. Verity Firth MP
Minister for Climate Change
and the Environment
(from 4 April 2008)
N E W S O U T H WA L E S
The Hon.
Philip Koperberg MP
Minister for Climate Change,
Environment and Water
(to 4 April 2008)
V I C TO R I A
The Hon. John Thwaites MP
Minister for Environment
and Water
(to 27 July 2007)
V I C TO R I A
The Hon. Gavin Jennings MP
Minister for Environment
and Climate Change
(from 18 February 2008)
Q U E E N S L A N D
The Hon.
Lindy Nelson-Carr MP
Minister for Environment
(to 13 September 2007)
Q U E E N S L A N D
The Hon.
Andrew McNamara MP
Minister for Sustainability,
Climate Change and Innovation
(from 6 November 2007)
W E S T E R N AU S T R A L I A
The Hon.
David Templeman MLA
Minister for the Environment,
Climate Change, Peel
S O U T H AU S T R A L I A
The Hon. Gail Gago MLC
Minister for Environment
and Conservation
N O R T H E R N
T E R R I TO RY
Ms Marion Scrymgour MLA
Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage
(to 12 August 2007)
C O M M O N W E A LT H
The Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP
Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts
Chairman
(from 28 January 2008)
C O M M O N W E A LT H
The Hon. Malcolm Turnbull MP
Minister for the Environment and Water Resources
Chairman
(to 3 December 2007)
TA S M A N I A
The Hon. Paula Wriedt MHA
Minister for Tourism, Arts
and the Environment
(to 9 April 2008)
TA S M A N I A
The Hon.
Michelle O’Byrne MP
Minister for Environment,
Parks, Heritage and the Arts
(from 9 April 2008)
AU S T R A L I A N
C A P I TA L T E R R I TO RY
Mr Jon Stanhope MLA
Minister for the Environment,
Water and Climate Change
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 v
vi
N O R T H E R N T E R R I TO RY
The Hon. Delia Lawrie MLA
Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage
(from 12 August 2007
to 4 January 2008)
N O R T H E R N T E R R I TO RY
The Hon. Len Kiely MLA
Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage
(from 4 January 2008)
Members of the National Environment Protection Council
2 0 0 7 – 0 8 (continued)
Foreword iii
Members of the National Environment Protection Council 2007–08 v
About NEPC 1
Executive Officer’s Report 2
NEPC — Major Activities 3
NEPC Committee — Major Activities 5
NEPC Act Review 7
Relationships with Other Bodies 8
NEPC Service Corporation — Operations Report 9
NEPMs — Activities 14
EPHC Activities 17
Assessment of the Implementation and Effectiveness of NEPMs 21
NEPC Reports on the implementation of NEPMsAir Toxics 23Ambient Air Quality 29Assessment of Site Contamination 35Diesel Vehicle Emissions 41Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories 47National Pollutant Inventory 57Used Packaging Materials 65
Statement by Auditor 72
Statement by Executive Officer 74
Financial Statements 75
Appendix 1: NEPC Committee — Membership 99
Appendix 2: Project Teams and Working Groups — Membership 101
Appendix 3: Publications (since 1996) 112
Appendix 4: NEPM Development — How NEPMs Are Made 119
Appendix 5: NEPM Development Model — Flow Chart 122
Appendix 6: Implementation and Effectiveness of NEPMs 123
Air Toxics 125Commonwealth 127New South Wales 129Victoria 132Queensland 137Western Australia 140South Australia 143Tasmania 146Australian Capital Territory 148Northern Territory 149
Ambient Air Quality 151Commonwealth 153New South Wales 155Victoria 164Queensland 171Western Australia 177South Australia 183Tasmania 189Australian Capital Territory 192Northern Territory 194
Contents
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 vii
Contents (continued)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Assessment of Site Contamination 197
Commonwealth 199
New South Wales 201
Victoria 203
Queensland 206
Western Australia 208
South Australia 209
Tasmania 211
Australian Capital Territory 212
Northern Territory 213
Diesel Vehicle Emissions 215
Commonwealth 217
New South Wales 219
Victoria 225
Queensland 228
Western Australia 231
South Australia 236
Tasmania 240
Australian Capital Territory 241
Northern Territory 242
Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories 243
Commonwealth 245
New South Wales 247
Victoria 250
Queensland 253
Western Australia 256
South Australia 258
Tasmania 260
Australian Capital Territory 262
Northern Territory 264
National Pollutant Inventory 265
Commonwealth 267
New South Wales 272
Victoria 276
Queensland 281
Western Australia 287
South Australia 290
Tasmania 294
Australian Capital Territory 296
Northern Territory 298
Used Packaging Materials 301
Commonwealth 303
New South Wales 304
Victoria 308
Queensland 311
Western Australia 316
South Australia 319
Tasmania 322
Australian Capital Territory 325
Northern Territory 327
Appendix 7: Glossary 330
viii
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AB
OU
T N
EP
C
1
About NEPC
The National Environment Protection Council
(NEPC) stems from the Special Premiers’ Conference
held in October 1990, at which the Prime Minister,
Premiers and Chief Ministers agreed to develop an
Intergovernmental Agreement on the Environment.
The Agreement came into effect on 1 May 1992.
The Agreement includes provision for the establishment
of a national body with responsibility for making
National Environment Protection Measures (NEPMs)
with the objectives of ensuring that:
• the people of Australia enjoy the benefit of
equivalent protection from air, water and soil
pollution and from noise wherever they live
• decisions by businesses are not distorted and
markets are not fragmented by variations
between jurisdictions in relation to the adoption
or implementation of major environment
protection measures.
All participating jurisdictions (i.e. the Commonwealth
and all state and territory governments) have
complementary legislation establishing the National
Environment Protection Council, which is a statutory
body with law-making powers.
Members of the NEPC are ministers, although not
necessarily environment ministers, appointed by the
principal ministers of participating jurisdictions.
The NEPC and the NEPC Committee are assisted and
supported by the NEPC Service Corporation, which
is managed by the NEPC Executive Officer.
The NEPC has two primary functions:
• to make National Environment Protection
Measures (NEPMs)
• to assess and report on their implementation and
effectiveness in participating jurisdictions.
NEPMs are broad framework-setting statutory
instruments defined in the National Environment
Protection Council Act 1994 (Cwlth). They outline
agreed national objectives for protecting or managing
particular aspects of the environment. NEPMs are
similar to Environmental Protection Policies at the
state level. NEPMs may consist of any combination
of environmental protection goals, standards,
protocols and guidelines.
More information about NEPMs, the areas of
environmental protection that they may address,
and the process for developing them are outlined
in Appendices 4 and 5.
Implementation of NEPMs is the responsibility of
each participating jurisdiction, and each minister
on the NEPC reports to the NEPC each year on the
implementation of each NEPM in his/her jurisdiction.
EX
EC
UT
IVE
OF
FIC
ER
’S R
EP
OR
T
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 82
The NEPC and the EPHC continued to devote signif icant resources in 2007–08 to environmental protection
issues, particularly air quality, waste management, assessment of site contamination, reporting of emissions
of substances to the environment, chemicals management, and water reuse and recycling.
The Council developed a response to the second review of the National Environment Protection Council Acts
and has commenced work on implementing outcomes—in particular, amendments to the NEPC Acts to enable
NEPC to broaden the environmental issues for which NEPMs may be developed, and reviewing its NEPM
development and implementation processes and working protocols with a view to their enhancement.
I should like to acknowledge the Commonwealth, state and territory governments, all of which are members
of NEPC and NEPC Committee, as well as the other members and observers on the Environment Protection
and Heritage Standing Committee for their cooperation in managing the national environmental protection
agenda throughout 2007–08. I should also like to thank members of the NEPC/EPHC project teams and working
groups who deliver the work program.
The staff of the NEPC Service Corporation has continued to provide highly regarded project management and
support services to the Council, NEPC Committee, EPH Standing Committee and the project teams and working
groups, as well as secretariat services to the Council and its principal committees. My staff has ensured the
efficient organisation of meetings as well as the implementation of the Council’s work program.
I should also like to acknowledge our many stakeholders for their efforts and input into the NEPC/EPHC over
the past year.
Dr Bruce Kennedy
Executive Officer
Executive Officer’s Report
NEPC — Major Activities
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
— M
AJ
OR
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
3
The Environment Protection and Heritage Council
(EPHC) incorporates the National Environment
Protection Council.
As the National Environment Protection Council
is established under statute (the NEPC Acts of the
Commonwealth, states and territories) and has the
ability to make national regulatory instruments
(National Environment Protection Measures), it
retains its distinct status within EPHC. All members
of NEPC are members of EPHC.
The National Environment Protection Council met
once in 2007–08, as part of the Environment Protection
and Heritage Council. A meeting scheduled for
November 2007 did not take place because of the
Federal election held at that time.
Major activities undertaken by NEPC and EPHC
in 2007–08 are summarised below.
COUNCIL MEETING — MELBOURNE,
17 APRIL 2008
NEPC
• Legislation and administration
– endorsed and published the NEPC Response
to the Review of the NEPC Acts
– requested advice from NEPC Committee and
EPH Standing Committee on amendments
to the NEPC Acts and on means by which
improvements to implementation, and reporting
on implementation, of NEPMs may be made
– requested an independent review of NEPC
protocols and process documentation
– endorsed and published a Statement of
Expectation by the Council and a Statement
of Intent by the NEPC Executive Officer
• Climate change
– initiated a minor variation to remove greenhouse
gas reporting provisions from the National
Pollutant Inventory NEPM, following passage
of the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting
Act 2007
• Air quality
– initiated a minor variation to the Diesel Vehicle
Emissions NEPM
– requested NEPC Committee to provide advice
on performance indicators for compliance
programs for the Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
• Product stewardship and waste management
– approved the release of the draft NEPM for Tyres
for public consultation as part of a package for
the management of scrap tyres (in conjunction
with EPHC)
– initiated a minor variation to the Diesel Vehicle
Emissions NEPM
– requested NEPC Committee to provide advice
on performance indicators for compliance
programs for the Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
• Amenity
– noted the Engine Brake Noise Standard developed
jointly with the National Transport Commission
EPHC
• Strategic issues
– considered the draft EPHC Strategic Plan
2008–10, and suggested enhancements for
consideration at its next meeting in November
2008. The plan reinforces priority areas
previously established by Council, for example:
– vehicle fuel eff iciency and travel demand
strategies
– ancillary environmental effects of climate
change policies
– world heritage sites
– resource eff iciency/life cycle analysis
• Climate change
– recognised the role of the National Reserve
System in conserving Australia’s biodiversity in
the face of climate change, and that the Natural
Resources Management Ministerial Council
would manage these issues
– requested EPH Standing Committee to consider
how impediments to the development of wind
power may be addressed, and invited the
participation of the Local Government and
Planning Ministers’ Council in this exercise
– requested an investigation on whether there was
a need for a national approach to the control
of emissions of landfill gas
• Product stewardship and waste management
– released a consultation package on the
management of end-of-life tyres (in conjunction
with NEPC)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
— M
AJ
OR
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
4
– reviewed the scope of the mid-term review
of the National Packaging Covenant
– published a report on complementary economic
mechanisms for the National Packaging
Covenant, and requested the National Packaging
Covenant Council to provide advice on those
economic mechanisms which it considered
would best support the current Covenant
– requested EPH Standing Committee to make
a submission to the upcoming review of the
Commonwealth’s Product Stewardship for
Oil Program
– published a Regulatory Impact Statement on
options to reduce the impacts of plastic bags
and a research report on the use of retail plastic
bags, and noted actions being taken by Victoria
and South Australia in relation to the management
of plastic bags
– approved a proposal to assess potential options
for national measures (including container
deposit legislation) to address resource
eff iciency, environmental impacts and the
reduction of litter from packaging wastes such
as beverage containers
• Water
– endorsed and published the National Water
Quality Management Strategy Australian
Guidelines for Water Recycling—(Phase 2)
Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies
as a supplement to the Phase 1 Guidelines
approved by Council in 2006–07
– released the draft documents National Water
Quality Management Strategy Australian
Guidelines for Water Recycling—(Phase 2)
Managed Aquifer Recharge and Stormwater
Re-use for public consultation
– noted that the uptake of water recycling has
not been signif icantly impeded by a lack
of standards for water recycling products
• Amenity
– requested EPH Standing Committee to investigate
the need for a national approach to noise
labelling of portable equipment
• Heritage
– for world heritage matters, created a new national
advisory body comprising representatives from
all property-specif ic former World Heritage
Ministerial Councils (except the Great Barrier
Reef Ministerial Council) following a decision
by the Council of Australian Governments
(COAG) that EPHC would provide the umbrella
for such activities in Australia
– noted that principles for management and
funding for world heritage areas, as well
as an intergovernmental agreement for their
management, would be developed
– adopted, as part of the Cooperative National
Heritage Agenda, principles for consistent
heritage criteria across all jurisdictions
– noted issues raised by the Productivity
Commission in its Report on Historic Heritage
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
CO
MM
ITT
EE
— M
AJ
OR
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
5
NEPC Committee — Major Activities
The National Environment Protection Council
Committee (NEPC Committee) is incorporated within
the Environment Protection and Heritage Standing
Committee (EPH Standing Committee). As with the
NEPC, the NEPC Committee retains its identity and
statutory functions. All members of the NEPC Committee
are members of the EPH Standing Committee.
The NEPC Committee met four times in 2007–08
(September, December, March and June) as part of
the EPH Standing Committee. Two meetings were
face-to-face and two were by teleconference.
The activities of the NEPC Committee and the EPH
Standing Committee included the following.
NEPC Committee
• developed a draft NEPC Response to the Review
of the NEPC Acts for consideration by the Council
• developed draft proposals for implementation of
the outcomes of the Review of the NEPC Acts for
consideration by the Council
• refined a draft Statement of Expectation for
consideration by the Council and provided advice
on a draft Statement of Intent by the NEPC
Executive Officer
• approved funding for the review of NEPC protocols
and f ilter criteria
• conducted national consultation on a discussion paper
for the review of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM
• accepted the Annual Report of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM Peer Review Committee, and received
reports from all jurisdictions on compliance with
the Ambient Air Quality NEPM for 2006–07
• endorsed, under delegation from the Council, the
Reports by the National Environment Protection
Council of its overall assessments of the
implementation and effectiveness of all NEPMs
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2007
• approved, under delegation from the Council, the
2006–07 NEPC Annual Report.
EPH Standing Committee
• Strategic issues
– held its biennial strategic planning day and
developed a draft EPHC Strategic Plan for
consideration by the Council
– considered red tape and regulatory reform issues
in the context of national policy development, in
particular the role of the Office of Best Practice
Regulation in relation to environmental policy
– agreed to develop an implementation plan for a
coordinated Australian Environmental Reporting
System, in conjunction with the Natural
Resources Management Standing Committee
– noted a scoping study for an Alps to Atherton
Landscape Connectivity project and issues
associated with the management of protected
areas (subsequently referred to the Natural
Resources Management Ministerial Council)
– reinforced its previous endorsement of Project
Planning and Budgeting requirements for EPHC
project teams and working groups
• Climate change
– noted the progress of work by the Vehicle Fuel
Efficiency and the Travel Demand Management
Strategy Working Groups
– agreed to carry out a greenhouse audit of its
own activities
– released the report Disposal of Mercury-
containing Lamps to stakeholders, and supported
the planning of further research into disposal
and recycling options for end-of-life compact
fluorescent lamps
– approved funding for the development of
a national wind farm code
• Air quality
– approved funding for a consultancy to determine
the volatile organic compound content and sales
volumes of paints sold in Australia, and approved
a review of national policy options for managing
emissions from paints containing volatile
organic compounds
– approved funding for the development of
a cost–benefit analysis for regulatory and
non-regulatory approaches to the management
of emissions from small engines (including
garden equipment and marine outboards)
– recognised the need for a nationally consistent
approach to the management of emissions from
wood heaters
• Product stewardship and waste management
– provided continued f inancial support to the
National Packaging Covenant
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
CO
MM
ITT
EE
— M
AJ
OR
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
6
– endorsed enforcement procedures for the
National Packaging Covenant
– noted the proposed trials for the collection,
recovery and recycling of batteries by the industry-
based Australian Battery Recycling Initiative
– noted a proposal by the electronics and electrical
industry to develop a voluntary industry-led
Restriction of Hazardous Substances Code of
Practice for Australia, in order to harmonise with
the European Union Restriction of Hazardous
Substances directive
– approved a project to determine the degradability
of plastic bags
• Chemicals management
– approved a submission on the National Chemicals
Environmental Management Framework to the
Productivity Commission for its study into
Chemicals and Plastics Regulation
• Heritage
– noted that the Australian Government was
f inalising the report on World Heritage and
Climate Change, and provided advice on the
development of the world heritage tentative list
– noted the continuing development of the
Comprehensive National Heritage Inventory
and Information Portal under the Cooperative
National Heritage Agenda
– supported a project on local government
involvement in heritage matters
– noted issues associated with the UNESCO
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater
Cultural Heritage.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
AC
T R
EV
IEW
7
NEPC Act Review
The second review of the NEPC Acts was initiated by
NEPC to give effect to the requirement under section
64 of the National Environment Protection Council
Act 1994 (Cwlth) (mirrored in the NEPC Acts of all
states and territories) for f ive-yearly reviews of the
operation of the Acts and the extent to which the
Acts’ objectives have been achieved. Since the f irst
review of the NEPC Acts in 2001, NEPC has become
incorporated in the Environment Protection and
Heritage Council (EPHC)—a national environment
and heritage policy making body.
The Ramsay Report recognised the benefits and costs
of jurisdictional participation in NEPC activities
and concluded that the core aspects of the NEPC
system are sound. It found that NEPMs are a useful,
streamlined, reasonably cost-effective mechanism to
achieve nationally consistent environmental regulation.
The review made recommendations for enhancing
an already robust national system.
The review was tabled in the parliaments of all
participating jurisdictions during June–August 2007.
NEPC endorsed and published a Response to the
Review at its f irst subsequent meeting in April 2008.
As a result, NEPC Committee and EPH Standing
Committee commenced the development of
proposals for:
• amendment of the Acts to enable NEPMs to be
made on any environmental protection matter
• further streamlining of the process for developing
minor variations to NEPMs
• improved NEPM implementation by jurisdictions
• the development of measurable performance
indicators for inclusion in NEPMs, in order to
facilitate better identif ication of the national
outcomes produced by NEPMs
• a review of NEPC protocols and process
documentation.
Relationships with Other Bodies
NATIONAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL
RESEARCH COUNCIL AND ENHEALTH
COUNCIL
To maintain relationships with the health sector at
a senior level, an observer from the Australian Health
Ministers’ Advisory Council attends EPH Standing
Committee meetings.
Health sector representation continues on relevant
EPHC/NEPC working groups and project teams
(including joint work on the (air quality) Standards
Setting Working Group).
NATIONAL TRANSPORT COMMISSION
The NEPC and the National Transport Commission
(NTC) pursue their common goals through a
Memorandum of Understanding, which establishes
the Land Transport Environment Committee (LTEC).
Following f inalisation of a proposal by LTEC on
managing engine brake noise, the proposal was
endorsed by the Australian Transport Council and
the NEPC.
LTEC continues to develop a decision-making tool
for prioritising strategic issues in the transport
context, for consideration by EPHC and NTC.
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Mr Peter Dolan of the South Australia Environment
Protection Authority is the EPHC representative on
the Standards Sector Board for Environment Safety
and Materials. The NEPC and EPHC continued to
liaise with Standards Australia on matters such as
degradable plastic bags.
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF TESTING
AUTHORITIES
The Executive Officer is a member of the Reference
Materials Accreditation Advisory Committee of the
National Association of Testing Authorities.
OTHER AGENCIES
The Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination
Assessment and Remediation of the Environment
(CRC CARE) provides signif icant opportunities for
research that may assist in providing information
useful for the development of future policy for site
contamination assessment and remediation. CRC
CARE has undertaken several projects which will
directly provide information for the variation to the
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM. The
Executive Officer chairs the CRC CARE Policy
Advisory Committee, which links regulators,
industry and research providers.
A National Air Quality Database has been established
under a three-way Memorandum of Understanding
between the Service Corporation, the Commonwealth
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts, and the Bureau of Meteorology. The Service
Corporation oversees the interests of jurisdictions
regarding publications that may arise from use of
the database.
The Service Corporation continues to liaise with
the Office of Best Practice Regulation over the
interpretation of the COAG requirements for Impact
Statements and Regulatory Impact Statements, amid
concerns that the requirements engender unwarranted
expense and time in developing national policy
proposals. The Council has initiated an investigation
into ‘choice modelling’, as a possible means of
quantifying environmental benefits.
The Service Corporation continues to work with the
Primary Industries Standing Committee in managing
a consultancy for scientif ic research on contaminants
in fertilisers and industrial residues, which may be
applied to agricultural land, in order to underpin the
development of assessment methods and guidelines.
The cooperative development (with the Natural
Resource Management Ministerial Council) of water
recycling guidelines has been especially useful.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
RE
LA
TIO
NS
HIP
S W
ITH
OT
HE
R B
OD
IES
8
NE
PC
SE
RV
ICE
CO
RP
OR
AT
ION
— O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
RE
PO
RT
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 9
NEPC Service Corporation — Operations Report
MAJOR ACTIVITIES
The NEPC Service Corporation provides project
management and support services to the EPHC and
the EPH Standing Committee in which are incorporated
the NEPC and the NEPC Committee respectively.
The NEPC Service Corporation depends on the
quality and stability of its team of professional and
administrative people and its funding resources to
ensure that effective and efficient project management
and business services add value to the joint work
program of the NEPC and EPHC.
The following activities were carried out in 2007–08:
• provision of executive and business services
to NEPC, NEPC Committee, EPHC and EPH
Standing Committee
• provision of project management services to
NEPC, NEPC Committee, EPHC and EPH
Standing Committee, as well as to working
groups/project teams
• provision of support services for
– Ambient Air Quality NEPM Peer Review
Committee
– Land Transport Environment Committee
(Chair and Secretariat in 2007)
• liaison with
– National Health and Medical Research Council
– enHealth
– National Transport Commission
– Standards Australia
• preparation and publication of the 2006–07 NEPC
Annual Report
• preparation of preliminary budget estimates
of expenditure and revenue for 2008–09
• management of the EPHC website at
<www.ephc.gov.au>
• audit of greenhouse gas emissions for meetings of
Council and EPH Standing Committee in 2007–08.
All emissions are offset—some jurisdictions have
an offset policy covering all of their agencies and,
for others, individual agencies offset their own
emissions. Several meetings of EPH Standing
Committee were held by teleconference, thereby
constraining emissions.
FINANCIAL ISSUES
Budget issues
The Service Corporation operational budget at
30 June 2008 had an operating surplus of $67 721.14.
This surplus is predominantly due to increased
income from higher investment interest rates and
some savings in operational expenditures.
Policies and procedures
The NEPC Service Corporation Best Practice Manual
(Policies and Procedures) continues to be reviewed
by the Business Manager.
Staff meetings
Staff meetings are held on a monthly basis.
OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Risk management and governance
NEPC Audit Committee
The purpose of the NEPC Audit Committee is to
provide advice to the Executive Officer on matters
related to prudential management, governance and
risk management.
Membership of the NEPC Audit Committee
comprises:
Mr Mick Bourke—Victoria (Chair)
Ms Anthea Tinney—Commonwealth
Dr Paul Vogel—South Australia/Mr Warren Jones—
Tasmania
Ms Sally Barnes—New South Wales
Support for the Audit Committee is provided by the
NEPC Service Corporation.
The NEPC Audit Committee met twice during 2007–08.
Risk Management Plan
The NEPC Service Corporation has a Risk
Management Plan which is reviewed and refreshed
annually by the Business Manager in liaison with
Service Corporation staff. The Plan clearly identif ies,
assesses and responds to potential risk faced by the
NEPC Service Corporation.
The NEPC Service Corporation tabled its updated
Risk Management Plan at the October 2007 NEPC
NE
PC
SE
RV
ICE
CO
RP
OR
AT
ION
— O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
RE
PO
RT
10 National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Audit Committee meeting and, following acceptance,
has now adopted and implemented its updated strategy.
Audit report
The NEPC Service Corporation received an
unqualif ied audit report from the Australian National
Audit Office (ANAO) for the 2007–08 financial year.
The audit highlighted only one management issue
requiring attention—the creation of a more detailed
Asset Register which identif ies all of the Service
Corporation’s assets with an individual asset number.
A more comprehensive Asset Register has now
been created.
Claims against the NEPC Service Corporation
(breaches of duties of skill or care and
statutory duties)
The NEPC Service Corporation has insurance cover
for General Liability, Directors’ and Officers’ Liability
(the policy covers the NEPC Executive Officer and
Service Corporation staff, NEPC Committee members
(who are also covered by their own governments) and
the members of committees established by NEPC
(including Section 33 committees).
There were no claims during the 2007–08
financial year.
Property loss or damage
The office and contents of the NEPC Service
Corporation are appropriately insured for destruction
and loss or damage (e.g. f ire, theft).
There were no claims during the 2007–08
financial year.
Banking arrangements
The NEPC Service Corporation completed the
transfer of its operational banking arrangements
to Suncorp Metway Ltd (Suncorp). The decision
to change was based on sound business principles
(e.g. a lower fee structure, superior internet banking
arrangements, better-quality customer service and
easier day-to-day accessibility to the bank than
previously provided).
The services and facilities provided by Suncorp are
meeting the requirements of the Service Corporation.
Information technology—Spam filtering
The NEPC Service Corporation utilises a third party
to provide an e-mail f iltering service, isolating
potential spam and other ‘offensive’ material before
it is delivered to the NEPC Service Corporation
servers. Statistics show that this service has reduced
spam e-mails through NEPC Service Corporation
servers by over 99%.
Occupational health safety and welfare
All occupational health, safety and welfare
(OHS&W) policies were reviewed and updated
as a part of the review of the NEPC Service
Corporation Best Practice Manual.
OHS&W is a standing item at all monthly staff meetings
and regular OHS&W inspections are undertaken.
During 2007–08, the NEPC Service Corporation
continued its record of never having an OHS&W claim.
Environment management system
The NEPC Service Corporation has an Environmental
Management System in place to enhance the
environmental sustainability of its operations.
Human resource issues
The NEPC Service Corporation has a comprehensive
Human Resource Management Framework, including
Performance Management and Feedback, Induction,
Diversity and Code of Conduct provisions.
All staff actively participate in formal performance
management sessions.
Industrial relations
No industrial disputes occurred during 2007–08.
Recruitment and retention
Mr Mike Krasowski resigned as Business Manager
on 1 April 2008. He was replaced by Mr David
Whittenbury on 7 April 2008.
In order to minimise the risk of lost corporate
knowledge through staff turnover, all policies are
documented and reviewed annually.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
SE
RV
ICE
CO
RP
OR
AT
ION
— O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
RE
PO
RT
11
Annual leave strategy
The NEPC Service Corporation Terms and
Conditions of Employment for 2007–09 requires that
staff members strive to take their annual leave in the
year in which it is accrued, and to the extent that this
is not possible, that the approval of the Executive
Officer be sought for any carry-forward. This matter
is also addressed as part of the annual performance
management and feedback review process. Mutually
agreed leave management plans for all staff have
resulted in considerable reductions in contingent
liabilities for annual leave.
The Executive Officer approved the carry-over of
29.1 days of annual leave as at 30 June 2008 (32 days
as at 30 June 2007).
Sick leave
The annual entitlement to paid sick leave for full time
staff is 15 working days per annum. During 2007–08,
sick leave taken per FTE was 6.4 days (5.5 days in
2006–07). Sick leave levels are not considered to be
an issue for the NEPC Service Corporation.
Staff training and development
The NEPC Service Corporation is a small
organisation, and recruits applicants who already
possess the training, skills and abilities to do the
tasks required of them. Nevertheless, specialist
training is undertaken by staff when appropriate.
In 2007–08, training focused primarily on increasing
skill levels in the use of the MYOB Accounting system
for the Accounting and Finance Officer. In addition,
a Project Manager attended a three-day National
Water Recycling and Re-use Technology Conference
as part of staff development.
Misconduct
There were no formal misconduct issues during the
2007–08 f inancial year.
FUNDING
NEPC Service Corporation—Operations
The Commonwealth, states and territories fund the
operations of the NEPC Service Corporation
according to the agreed funding formula (50% from
the Commonwealth and 50% from states and territories
based on population).
The net budget approved by NEPC for the operations
of the NEPC Service Corporation in 2007–08
(excluding Priority Projects and Peer Review
Committee) was $911 900.
Contribution from some jurisdictions for the 2008–09
financial year were prepaid in 2007–08. These
prepayments are reflected in the Financial Statements
but not in Table 1.
Figure 1 and Table 1 illustrate the allocation of funding
by jurisdictions for the operations of the NEPC
Service Corporation.
Table 1: Funding by jurisdiction for NEPC
Service Corporation operations 2007–08
Jurisdiction $
Commonwealth 455 950
New South Wales 151 102
Victoria 112 683
Queensland 89 704
Western Australia 45 385
South Australia 34 406
Tasmania 10 815
Australian Capital Territory 7 277
Northern Territory 4 578
Total 911 900
Commonwealth50.000%
NT0.502%
Vic12.357%
NSW16.570%
ACT0.798%
SA3.773%
Qld9.837%
Tas1.186%
WA4.977%
Figure 1: Funding mix
NEPC Service Corporation—Operations 2007–08
NE
PC
SE
RV
ICE
CO
RP
OR
AT
ION
— O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
RE
PO
RT
12 National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NEPC AND EPHC RELATED ACTIVITIES
The 2007–08 budget allocated for NEPC and EPHC
related activities and projects was $623 361. The funds
were distributed between major projects ($606 281),
EPHC Priority Projects ($15 080), and Peer Review
Committee ($2000).
In most cases, funding for NEPC and EPHC related
activities is provided by jurisdictions according to the
NEPC funding formula.
For NEPM development and variation projects,
contributions by those jurisdictions providing officers
to project teams are adjusted to allow for the in-kind
contributions made by those jurisdictions.
Table 2 and Figure 2 illustrate the distribution
of funding (including in-kind contributions) by
jurisdictions for NEPC and EPHC related activities.
EPHC WEBSITE
The EPHC website at <www.ephc.gov.au> incorporates
information relating to both NEPC and EPHC.
The EPHC website is currently being redeveloped.
The new site will use innovative software that enables
all PDFs within the site to be searched. This enhanced
search function will provide a much more user
friendly and powerful tool than that available on the
current website.
The EPHC website:
• is compliant with World Wide Web Consortium
standards
• has META data for reference to documents and
hyper text mark-up language (html) which are
compliant with the Dublin Core specif ications.
Almost 5.3 million hits were recorded for the
2007–08 f inancial year; a 15% increase over the
previous year.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE
AND STAFFING
The organisation structure of the NEPC Service
Corporation is set out in Figure 4.
CONFERENCES
The Executive Officer made a presentation at the
Ecoforum: Residual Risk Stream conference held
on the Gold Coast.
The Executive Officer attended the following
conferences:
• NATA Reference Material Producers Gas Forum,
Sydney
• CRC CARE Communicate08 Conference, Adelaide.
Table 2: Funding by jurisdiction for NEPC
and EPHC related activities 2007–08
Jurisdiction $
Commonwealth 369 358
New South Wales 103 780
Victoria 55 046
Queensland 39 467
Western Australia 24 252
South Australia 20 970
Tasmania 4 661
Australian Capital Territory 2 694
Northern Territory 3 133
Total 623 361
Figure (2): Funding Mix
NEPC and EPHC Related Activities 2006–07
Commonwealth59.253%
ACT0.503%
Qld6.331%
Vic8.831%
NSW16.648%
NT0.432%
SA3.364%
WA3.890%
Tas0.748%
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PC
SE
RV
ICE
CO
RP
OR
AT
ION
— O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
RE
PO
RT
13
Figure 4: NEPC Service Corporation organisation chart as at 30 June 2008
Project Officer
Haemish Middleton
Project Officer
Monina Gilbey
Admin Officer
Susan Whitehead
Admin Officer
Andrea Gill
Project Manager
Ian Newbery
Project Manager
Kerry Scott
Executive Officer
Bruce Kennedy
Business Manager
David Whittenbury
Admin Officer
Bronwyn Gobbett
0
1 000 000
2 000 000
3 000 000
4 000 000
6 000 000
5 000 00019
98–9
9
1999
–00
2000
–01
2001
–02
2004
–05
2005
–06
2006
–07
2007
–08
2003
–04
2002
–03
561,515
787,9631,103,259
1,390,391
2,799,301
4,648,636
5,287,306
3,763,085
2,661,504
2,136,369
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f ‘h
its’
Figure 3: EPHC website statistics — ‘Hits’
NEPMs — Activities
AIR QUALITY
Ambient Air Quality NEPM—Review
The Ambient Air Quality NEPM sets national standards
and goals for air quality and provides a nationally
consistent framework for the monitoring and reporting
of six criteria pollutants—nitrogen dioxide (NO2),
ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide
(SO2), particles (as PM10) and lead (Pb). Criteria air
pollutants are widely distributed in ambient air in
Australian cities. They are also associated with
photochemical smog and secondary particle haze
formation, and with adverse health effects.
In June 2007, NEPC released a Discussion Paper
on the policy framework, monitoring and reporting
aspects of the NEPM.
A second Discussion Paper, focusing on the
standards, is being developed for public release early
in 2009. This Discussion Paper will review the basis
of deriving standards, the form of the standards, the
selection of health outcomes on which the standards
are focused and how Australian air quality standards
fit in relation to trends and practices overseas.
Ambient Air Quality NEPM—Peer ReviewCommittee
The Peer Review Committee was established to assist
in the development and assessment of jurisdictional
monitoring plans for the Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
The Peer Review Committee comprises two nominees
from industry, two from the environment movement,
and one from each jurisdiction. Dr Mike Manton of
Monash University chairs the committee. Executive
support is provided by the NEPC Service Corporation.
The Peer Review Committee has an important role in
quality assurance for monitoring and other methods
used to assess air quality and on the national consistency
of technical reporting under the NEPM, as well as
any proposed variations to monitoring plans. These
activities will help to deliver a scientif ically robust,
consistent national database of ambient air quality
performance for the Australian community.
The Peer Review Committee met once during 2007–08.
Activities undertaken included:
• providing advice to the NEPC Committee on the
national consistency of technical reporting under
the NEPM
• providing advice to the Review of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM.
All technical papers developed by the Peer Review
Committee are available on the EPHC website.
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM—Variation
During 2007–08, NEPC initiated a variation to the
National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle
Emissions) Measure. The variation is considered to
be a Minor Variation under section 22A of the NEPC
Act as there are no major policy implications or
signif icant associated costs.
The proposed variation will:
• revise Schedule A (1) Guideline on Smoky Vehicle
Programs to include additional guidance and
information
• revise Schedule A (2) Guideline on Diesel Vehicle
Emission Testing and Repair Programs by
simplifying reference to the in-service emissions
standards and tests
• update Schedule A (4) Guideline on Diesel Retrofit
Programs to include additional information
and guidance
• delete Schedule A (5) Guideline on Diesel Engine
Rebuild Programs.
In addition, the project team developing the variation
will make recommendations relating to
implementation that include developing:
• performance indicators for assessing and reporting
on compliance programs
• a proposal for periodic national testing
• evaluation techniques that jurisdictions could
incorporate into the delivery of information and
training programs
• a detailed proposal on in-service emissions standards
and tests.
It is anticipated that NEPC will consider making
the proposed variation and recommendations related
to implementation at its f irst meeting in 2009.
PM2.5 Equivalence Program
When the variation to the Ambient Air Quality NEPM
was made in 2003 to incorporate advisory reporting
standards for PM2.5, provision was made for a
program to determine whether gravimetric methods
of monitoring PM2.5 (the reference method) and
NE
PM
s—
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
14 National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
15National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NE
PM
s—
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
continuous methods (such as the Tapered Element
Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM)) can be considered
equivalent.
During 2007–08, a consultant was commissioned to
review current Australian and international evaluations
of appropriate monitoring mechanisms for PM2.5.
The f indings of this review will be considered in
conjunction with collocation studies being undertaken
by jurisdictions to determine the appropriate methods
for PM2.5 monitoring under the NEPM.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Tyres Product Stewardship Agreement andTyres NEPM—Development
In 2005, NEPC initiated the development of a generic
Product Stewardship NEPM. In June 2007, NEPC
resolved to narrow the scope of the NEPM to a stand-
alone NEPM in relation to end-of-life tyres.
In April 2008, EPHC and NEPC released a consultation
package on end-of-life tyres for public comment.
This package consisted of the following documents:
• the draft Tyres Product Stewardship Agreement
• a brochure outlining an innovative proposal by the
Australian Tyre Industry Council for addressing
the issue of end-of-life tyres
• a Consultation Regulatory Impact Statement for
End-of-Life Tyres Management
• the draft Tyres NEPM
• the Tyres NEPM Impact Statement
• Tyres NEPM Threshold Study.
Under the proposed co-regulatory model, the Tyres
Product Stewardship Agreement is the primary
instrument for bringing about improved performance
in the management of end-of-life tyres. The Agreement
provides for the establishment of at least one product
stewardship scheme. The tyre industry proposes to
introduce a scheme that focuses on stimulating demand
for tyre derived products via the application of an
advanced recycling fee/benefit payment arrangement
as a market-pull initiative. The Agreement also
includes performance targets, establishes governance
arrangements and provides for the collection and
reporting of data. The Tyres NEPM will guide
jurisdictions in the creation of a nationally consistent
regulatory safety net affecting tyre producers who are
not part of any scheme/s approved under the Agreement.
Public forums were held in all capital cities
throughout June 2008. The forums were attended by
a total of 175 people, representing tyre producers, tyre
recyclers, industry groups, community organisations
and governments. Thirty-eight written submissions
were received.
The co-regulatory proposal will be reviewed in the
light of submissions, and documents amended if
warranted. It is anticipated that EPHC will consider
endorsing the Agreement and NEPC consider making
the NEPM at the f irst Council meeting in 2009.
SITE CONTAMINATION
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM—Review
The Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM was
made in 1999 and is the premier guidance document
in Australia for the assessment of land contamination.
It addresses a complex area that is particularly
subject to new developments in scientif ic knowledge
and new technologies.
A review of the NEPM was f inalised in October
2006. It was clear from the review report that the
NEPM delivered benefits to its users. However,
the review demonstrated that NEPM had potential
to meet these needs better and to deliver greater
benefits to jurisdictions and their stakeholders. For
example, it was evident that there were concerns
about inappropriate use of investigation levels as
clean-up criteria. Misuse of these levels result in
unwarranted cost in site remediation and insufficient
guidance regarding asbestos matters.
In June 2007, NEPC initiated a variation to the
NEPM and its schedules, which addresses the 27
recommendations made in the review report.
Development of the variation is due for completion
in early 2010. The variation process includes a revision
of the methods for Deriving Health Investigation
Levels and Ecological Investigation Levels, as
well as improved guidance on the assessment and
management of asbestos products contamination and
clearer guidance on a range of investigation and
assessment procedures.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 816
NE
PM
s—
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
INNOVATIVE POLICY TOOLS AND
INFORMATION
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM—Variation
The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) NEPM
has been in place for ten years and the Australian
community is increasingly aware of its ability to
provide information on emissions of substances
to air, land and water.
NEPC varied the NPI NEPM in 2007 to enhance the
NEPM as a major tool for environmental management
and cleaner production. One such change was the
inclusion of greenhouse gas emissions reporting as
an interim measure, pending the establishment of a
new national purpose-built greenhouse gas reporting
mechanism.
In April 2008, NEPC initiated a minor variation
process for the NPI NEPM to remove the greenhouse
gas and energy reporting provisions in the NEPM, in
order to minimise any confusion faced by industries
in reporting to the NPI following the introduction of
the Commonwealth National Greenhouse and Energy
Reporting Act 2007. A draft NEPM variation and
explanatory statement were released for public
consultation in June 2008.
Removal of greenhouse gas reporting provisions will
have no practical impact on the existing NPI program.
The minor variation is an administrative action, the
effect of which will be to provide NPI stakeholders
with an unambiguous version of the NEPM. NEPC
is expected to consider making the NEPM variation
at its meeting in November 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 17
EP
HC
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
AIR QUALITY
Air Quality Working Group
The Air Quality Working Group reports to EPH
Standing Committee. Its role is to advise EPH Standing
Committee on projects related to the following:
• strategic and emerging air quality issues
• national and joint Australian–New Zealand air
quality research priorities
• collaborative work on air quality projects, such
as the development of inventories, modelling,
monitoring techniques, approaches to monitoring
infrastructure/equipment and options for addressing
emission risks
• developing closer cooperation with sectors and
agencies with an interest in air quality issues,
including those responsible for health, transport,
land use planning and greenhouse policy.
High priority project areas facilitated by the Air
Quality Working Group during 2007–08 include:
• developing an Australian approach to air quality
standard setting
• air pollution and health research studies
• national air quality database.
Air quality standard setting
In the past, standard setting processes in Australia
used a variety of frameworks and methods, each one
with its own merits and disadvantages. The non-
existence of an overall agreed methodology was
reflected in the considerable debate across the health
and environment sectors about standard setting.
EPHC established the standard setting working group
to develop an agreed approach to setting Australian
air quality standards. The working group comprises
equal representation of health and environment sectors
and is jointly chaired by a representative from the
Environment Protection and Heritage Council and from
the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council.
A draft framework has been developed that builds
on the Risk Assessment Task Force Report but
extends beyond risk assessment to take into account
health, social, economic and environmental impacts
and exposure assessment, together with a review
of international approaches to standard setting. A
workshop involving health and environment experts
from around Australia and overseas was held in July
2006 to f inalise an agreed approach to health risk
assessment.
During 2007–08, work was undertaken to develop the
exposure assessment component of the risk assessment
framework and it is anticipated that the recommended
approach will be presented to EPHC for release for
public consultation in early 2009.
Air quality database
In 2005, the EPH Standing Committee agreed to
establish a national air quality database, to be housed
and implemented by the Bureau of Meteorology with
the Commonwealth providing funding support and
jurisdictions supplying their monitoring data collected
under the National Environment Protection (Ambient
Air Quality) Measure and the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure.
The database structure has been established, though
work is continuing on refinements and improved
functionalities, such as systems for data validation
and upload. During 2007–08, a key focus has been
on obtaining and uploading historical (i.e. 2002–06)
monitoring data collected by each jurisdiction under
the Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between
the then Commonwealth Department of Environment
and Heritage, the Bureau of Meteorology and the
NEPC Service Corporation was signed in 2006. The
MOU sets out arrangements for the development and
maintenance of the national database.
Children’s Health and Air Pollution Study
EPHC, in collaboration with the University of
Queensland and the Woolcock Institute of Medical
Research, is undertaking a three-year study to determine
whether current air quality standards adequately
protect the health of Australian schoolchildren.
Current Australian air quality standards have been
based on overseas data. Such studies have demonstrated
adverse health effects, but effects may be different
in Australian populations.
The primary purpose of the study is to obtain
quantitative effect estimates for the association
between air pollutants and adverse health outcomes,
such as increases in respiratory symptoms and
EPHC Activities
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 818
EP
HC
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
decreases in lung function in school-aged children
across Australia. The pollutants of concern are those
for which standards are set in the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM. The study outcomes will inform the
review of the NEPM.
During 2006–08 almost 3000 children were tested
from selected study sites in ACT, Victoria, Queensland,
South Australia, Western Australia and New South
Wales. Sites were chosen for range and variability
in air pollution levels and for proximity to long-term
monitoring stations.
The data are currently being analysed and the report
on the study f indings will be presented to EPHC in
mid 2009.
Multi-city Mortality and Morbidity Study
As reported last year, positive responses to the study
report have been received from international peer
reviewers, with the main focus of comment being
on interpretation and presentation of results. The
researchers have addressed the comments made by
the peer reviewers in f inalising the report. The report
will be presented to EPHC in early 2009.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Plastic bags
A voluntary Code of Practice agreed between major
retailers and the Council was developed to achieve a
reduction in plastic bag use in Australia in the period
2003–05. The Code of Practice committed major
retailer signatories to achieving a 50% reduction in
plastic bag use by 2005. Major retailers reduced bag
use by 44% and, nationally, Australians reduced bag
use overall by 34%. In June 2006, given the limited
potential for subsequent voluntary initiatives to
signif icantly reduce plastic bag use, Council resolved
to consider regulatory options to phase out plastic
bags by the end of 2008.
A consultation regulatory impact statement (RIS)
was released for public consultation in January 2007.
The consultation RIS found that regulatory options
for a phase out had economic costs that signif icantly
outweighed the environmental benefits. Notwithstanding
this, however, Council reaff irmed its phase out
objective in June 2007.
A decision RIS analysing the economic, social
and environmental impacts of four options—litter
management, mandatory retailer charge at point
of sale, a government levy and a ban—was considered
by Council in April 2008. After considering all
options, Council did not endorse uniform national
regulatory action to ban or place a charge on plastic
bags at that time.
End-of-life televisions and computers
In 2005, NEPC initiated the development of a generic
Product Stewardship NEPM. At that time, it was
envisaged the generic NEPM would include a schedule
addressing the management of end-of-life televisions.
In June 2007, NEPC resolved to narrow the scope
of the NEPM to a stand-alone NEPM in relation to
end-of-life tyres.
However, work has continued on researching the
nature and scale of the problems associated with
putting end-of-life televisions and computers into
landfill and the benefits of recycling them. Options
for tackling the environmental problems created by
disposal of televisions and computers have been
identif ied and an analysis of the costs and benefits
of each possible solution commenced. A key aim
of this work is to establish whether the problems
caused by end-of-life televisions and computers
are signif icant enough to justify government
intervention in the market.
The Council of Australian Governments guidelines
on regulatory impact statements now require more
quantitative evidence of impacts and benefits to
determine if government intervention would result
in a net benefit to the community. Research into
valuation methods that have not been previously
used for waste issues has been completed, and it is
envisaged that Council will utilise this research to
gather primary data to facilitate a robust cost benefit
analysis of regulatory options.
National Packaging Covenant
The National Packaging Covenant (NPC) contains
a provision that the NPC Council report to EPHC
on the f indings of a comprehensive, independent
evaluation of the progress of the Covenant against
its targets by 31 December 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 19
EP
HC
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
Council endorsed the scope of this mid-term review,
which will involve independent consultants undertaking
various components of the work. The scope of the
review includes:
• quantitative results against the three overarching
targets and 2003 baseline
• quantitative and qualitative performance against
other key performance indicators
• prediction of quantitative achievements by 2010
• quantity and quality of action plans and annual
reports and the contribution signatories are making
to the Covenant
• assessment of NPC projects and their contribution
to NPC targets and goals
• stakeholder views about the Covenant’s effectiveness
• evaluation of the Covenant in the current
economic/social/political environment
• Covenant coverage in terms of signatories, by
number and sector
• effectiveness of the underpinning Used Packaging
Materials NEPM.
It is anticipated that Council will consider the
report of the mid-term review at its meeting in
November 2008.
In April 2008, Council also noted a report on
complementary economic mechanisms, which
identif ied instruments that could be complementary
to the objectives of the Covenant. The instruments
identif ied are to be available for consideration should
the mid-term review show that the Covenant is unlikely
to deliver satisfactory outcomes, and could potentially
be considered in the design of future covenants.
WATER QUALITY
Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling—Phase two
During 2007–08, EPHC in cooperation with the
Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council
and the National Health and Medical Research Council,
made considerable progress on the development of
Phase 2 of Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling.
Phase 2 builds on the risk management approach
outlined in Phase 1 of the guidelines (released in
November 2006) by providing specif ic advice on:
• Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies
• Managed Aquifer Recharge
• Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse.
A draft Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies
module was released for public comment in July
2007. Consultation meetings were held in each state
and territory capital in August and September 2007
with 30 written submissions received on the draft
module. The EPHC approved the f inal version of the
module at its meeting in April 2008.
Draft modules on Managed Aquifer Recharge and
Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse were released for
public comment in April 2008 with consultation
meetings held in each state and territory capital in
May and June 2008. It is expected that EPHC will
consider the f inal versions of the modules at its f irst
meeting in 2009.
All documents related to Australian Guidelines for
Water Recycling are available on the EPHC website.
COOPERATIVE NATIONAL HERITAGE
AGENDA
There were several advances made for world heritage
and the Cooperative National Heritage Agenda in
2007–08.
Following a decision by COAG that EPHC would
provide the umbrella for world heritage management
in Australia, Council created a new national advisory
body comprising representatives from all property-
specif ic former World Heritage Ministerial Councils
(except the Great Barrier Reef Ministerial Council).
Principles for the management and funding for world
heritage areas, as well as an intergovernmental
agreement for their management, are being developed.
The Australian Government is f inalising a report on
World Heritage and Climate Change, and provided
advice on the development of the world heritage
tentative list.
Council f inalised and adopted principles for
consistent heritage criteria across all jurisdictions
as part of the Cooperative National Heritage Agenda.
The comprehensive National Heritage Inventory and
Information Portal is under continuing development.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 820
EP
HC
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
CLIMATE CHANGE
Wind energy
In April 2008, the EPHC agreed to examine how
impediments to the uptake of wind energy might be
addressed, including the possibility of establishing
a national code for wind farms. Addressing
impediments to the uptake of wind energy is vital to
building community acceptance of a technology that
has the potential to deliver a considerable part of
Australia’s future electricity needs and greenhouse
gas abatement.
The EPH Standing Committee established a working
group to investigate the issues and consult with a
stakeholder reference group. The working group met
in June 2008 to finalise membership of the stakeholder
reference group and begin drafting a report on the
issues for EPHC.
PUBLICATIONS RELEASED IN 2007–08
All publications produced up to 30 June 2008 are
listed in Appendix 3.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 21
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
TH
E IM
PL
EM
EN
TA
TIO
N A
ND
EF
FE
CT
IVE
NE
SS
OF
NE
PM
S
NEPC is required by the National Environment
Protection Council Act 1994 (section 24) to report on
the overall assessment of the implementation and
effectiveness of NEPMs and to have regard to reports
on NEPM implementation from the Commonwealth,
states and territories.
Assessments by NEPC of the implementation
and effectiveness for the following NEPMs are
provided below:
• Air Toxics
• Ambient Air Quality
• Assessment of Site Contamination
• Diesel Vehicle Emissions
• Movement of Controlled Waste between States
and Territories
• National Pollutant Inventory
• Used Packaging Materials.
Assessment of the Implementation
and Effectiveness of NEPMs
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Air Toxics NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘Based on monitoring datasubmitted by jurisdictions, air toxicslevels in Australia are low comparedto levels internationally.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Air Toxics) Measure
Made by Council: 3 December 2004
Commencement Date: 20 December 2004
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Special
Gazette No. S 52904, 20 December 2004)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Air Toxics) Measure is set out in clause 5 of the
Measure as follows:
5. National environment protection goal
The national environment protection goal
of this Measure is to improve the information
base regarding ambient air toxics within the
Australian environment in order to facilitate
the development of standards following a
Review of the Measure within eight years
of its making.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure is set
out in clause 6 of the Measure as follows:
6. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is to facilitate management of air
toxics in ambient air that will allow for the
equivalent protection of human health and well
being, by –
(1) providing for the generation of comparable,
reliable information on the levels of toxic
air pollutants (‘air toxics’) at sites where
signif icantly elevated concentrations of one
or more of these air toxics are likely to occur
(‘Stage 1 sites’) and where the potential for
significant population exposure to air toxics
exists (‘Stage 2 sites’).
(2) establishing a consistent approach to the
identif ication of such sites for use by
jurisdictions.
(3) establishing a consistent frame of reference
(‘monitoring investigation levels’) for use
by jurisdictions in assessing the likely
significance of levels of air toxics measured
at Stage 2 sites.
(4) adopting a nationally consistent approach
to monitoring air toxics at a range of
locations (eg. near major industrial sites,
major roads, areas affected by wood smoke).
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure is
based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM
with NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM
reporting requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 824
AIR
TO
XIC
S N
EP
M
NEPC Report on the implementation of the
Air Toxics NEPM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AIR
TO
XIC
S N
EP
M
25
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The NEPM is implemented administratively under the National
Environment Protection Measures (Implementation) Act 1998.
New South Wales • The NEPM is implemented by the Protection of the Environment
Operations (Clean Air) Regulation 2002 and Protection of the Environment
Operations (General) Regulation 1998 under the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act 1997.
Victoria • The key legislative instrument is the State Environment Protection Policy
(Air Quality Management).
Queensland • The NEPM is implemented under the Environmental Protection Act 1994,
Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997 and programs under the South
East Queensland Regional Plan 2005–2026.
Western Australia • The NEPM is implemented under the National Environment Protection
Council (Western Australia) Act 1996 and by programs in the Perth Air
Quality Management Plan.
• The Environmental Protection Authority has f inalised a draft State
Environmental (Ambient Air) Policy.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005, enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
Tasmania • The NEPM is a state policy under the State Policies and Projects Act 1993
and is given effect under the Environment Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994. The management of air toxics is included in the
Tasmanian Air Quality Strategy 2006.
Australian Capital Territory • The NEPM is implemented under the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Northern Territory • The key legislative instruments are the Waste Management and Pollution
Control Act 1998 and the National Environment Protection Council
(Northern Territory) Act 2004.
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 826
AIR
TO
XIC
S N
EP
M Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • To assist targeting future management strategies, the Commonwealth
commissioned the following studies:
– urban-scale population exposure
– particles, ozone and air toxics in rural communities during prescribed
burning seasons
– indoor air pollutants.
• The Commonwealth established a pollution prevention strategy which
identif ies priority pollutants to be managed on Defence sites.
New South Wales • New South Wales undertook preparatory work to enable commencement
of new air toxics monitoring in 2008-09.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– monitoring all f ive air toxics at a number of sites including a regional
site; monitoring commenced at an additional site.
– obtaining NATA accreditation for the analysis methods for benzene,
toluene and xylenes.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– improving the information base on local air toxics
– implementing a new program, ‘Clean and Healthy Air for Gladstone’,
to help address community concerns regarding industrial emissions
– monitoring a range of air toxics at Springwood.
Western Australia • Western Australia progressed a number of initiatives to improve the
information base regarding ambient air toxics:
– the Background Air Quality (Air Toxics) Study
– the Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) Air Emissions Monitoring Project
– Kwinana Background Air Quality Study
– air toxics sampling in Collie
– the Midland Background Air Quality Study.
South Australia • South Australia focused on:
– completing the ‘Review of Air Toxics Desktop Analysis for the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure 2008’
– modelling air toxics for the Adelaide airshed
– incorporating ‘The Air Pollution Model’ (TAPM) to allow for
meteorological and topographical influence on pollutant movements
– reviewing monitoring instrumentation permitted under the NEPM
to monitor air toxics
– conducting a study in collaboration with the National Research Centre
for Environmental Toxicology (EnTox) on polyaromatic hydrocarbon
measurements.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– improving the information base for air toxics under the ‘Tasmanian Air
Quality Strategy 2006’
– collaborating with industrial and local government partners to establish
an air monitoring station in George Town
– sourcing funding for air toxics monitoring programs
– undertaking preliminary monitoring to confirm Stage 2 sites in Hobart
and Launceston.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AIR
TO
XIC
S N
EP
M
27
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
A number of jurisdictions conducted air toxics
monitoring and modelling to establish baseline data
following previously undertaken desktop analyses.
Some jurisdictions have undertaken monitoring
studies of air toxics to gather further information,
such as epidemiological effects, monitoring methods
and equipment.
Jurisdictions continue to raise concerns about the
funding and resources available for monitoring
networks and reporting against the monitoring
investigation levels set out in the NEPM.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM allows for the collection of national data
on the levels of ambient air toxics, which informs
subsequent government programs for abatement and
management. The criteria and guidance set out in the
NEPM enable jurisdictions to assess the likelihood of
signif icant population exposure. Based on monitoring
data submitted by jurisdictions, air toxics levels in
Australia are low compared to levels internationally.
Some jurisdictions continued to identify and
prioritise Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites, with ongoing
monitoring at some of these sites.
Due to resource constraints in some jurisdictions, no
monitoring has been undertaken. The lack of national
monitoring data presents diff iculties in developing
a comprehensive national picture of the state of air
toxics. Therefore, the effectiveness of the NEPM
in protecting human health and well-being cannot
be established.
In April 2007, the NEPC Committee agreed to postpone
the mid-term review of the NEPM for a twelve-month
period to allow for the collection of sufficient data
to inform the review.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Each jurisdiction is required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM. For the
reporting period ended 31 December 2007, these
reports include the results of desktop analyses
identifying sites and any monitoring that had been
undertaken.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 127
Annex 2: New South Wales 129
Annex 3: Victoria 132
Annex 4: Queensland 137
Annex 5: Western Australia 140
Annex 6: South Australia 143
Annex 7: Tasmania 146
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 148
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 149
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Australian Capital Territory • Australian Capital Territory focused on completing a desktop analysis to
identify Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites. Only one Stage 1 site was identif ied,
which was not subsequently identif ied as a Stage 2 site.
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory did not undertake any further implementation
activities during the reporting period.
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Ambient Air Quality NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘Monitoring results indicate that the NEPM standards are being metand that air quality in Australia isgenerally good by internationalstandards.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure
Made by Council: 26 June 1998
Commencement Date: 8 July 1998
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. GN 27, 8 July 1998, p. 2211)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure is set out in clause 6
of the Measure as follows:
6. National environment protection goal
The National Environment Protection Goal
of this Measure is to achieve the National
Environment Protection Standards as assessed
in accordance with the monitoring protocol
(Part 4) within ten years from commencement
to the extent specif ied in Schedule 2 column 5.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure
is set out in clause 5 of the Measure as follows:
5. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is ambient air quality that allows for
the adequate protection of human health and
well–being.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
NE
PM
30
NEPC Report on the implementation of the
Ambient Air Quality NEPM
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
NE
PM
31
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth implements the NEPM administratively. However,
it is not required by the NEPM to undertake monitoring as it does not have
authority over regions with a population of 25 000 or more.
New South Wales • The NEPM is implemented under the Protection of the Environment
Operations Act 1997, Clean Air Regulation 2002, and through programs
in the NSW government’s 25–year Air Quality Management Plan, ‘Action
for Air’.
Victoria • The key legislative instruments are the State Environment Protection Policy
(Ambient Air Quality) and the State Environment Protection Policy (Air
Quality Management) made under the Environment Protection Act 1970.
Queensland • The NEPM is implemented under the Environmental Protection Act 1994,
the Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997 and by programs under the
South–east Queensland Regional Plan 2005–26.
Western Australia • The NEPM is implemented under the National Environment Protection
Council (Western Australia) Act 1996 and by programs under the Perth Air
Quality Management Plan.
• Fuel quality standards are set through the Environmental Protection (Diesel
and Petrol) Regulations 1999.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005 enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
Tasmania • The NEPM is a state policy under the State Policies and Projects Act 1993.
The NEPM standards are also incorporated under the Tasmanian Air
Quality Strategy 2006.
• The Environment Protection (Air Quality) Policy 2004 was made under the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control Act 1994.
• Control of the import, sale and installation of wood heaters is administered
through the Environmental Management and Pollution Control (Distributed
Atmospheric Emissions) Regulations 2007.
Australian Capital Territory • The NEPM is implemented by the Environment Protection Regulation 1997
under the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Northern Territory • The key legislative instruments are the Waste Management and Pollution
Control Act 1998 and the National Environment Protection Council
(Northern Territory) Act 2004.
32
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
NE
PM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth focused on:
– implementing new vehicle emission and fuel quality standards, including
compliance and enforcement activities, to ensure that pollutant emissions
from vehicles continue to decline
– taking a lead role in efforts to reduce emissions from other priority
sources, such as non-road engines
– developing a nationally consistent approach to woodheater management,
including conducting a survey of woodheater operator behaviour
– funding a woodheater buy-back program for the Tamar Valley
– undertaking research on priority air quality issues so that pollution
management strategies can be better targeted
– developing tools, such as the national air quality database, to assist
future decisions on standard setting and management strategies.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– releasing the NSW Air Emissions Inventory which, together with
stakeholder consultation, supported the review of the ‘Action for Air’
Air Quality Management Plan
– campaign monitoring at a number of regional sites
– releasing the NSW Cleaner Vehicles and Fuels Strategy, including ‘Vapour
Recovery at Service Stations’ and the ‘NSW Diesel Retrofit Program’
– implementing a woodheater strategy under the Clean Air, Healthy
Communities Program.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– continuing programs aimed at reducing the impact of domestic woodheaters
– implementing the Protocol for Environmental Management for the
mining and extractive industries
– working with other government agencies to reduce the impact of
prescribed burning
– reducing pollution from motor vehicle use
– increasing data capture through improving monitoring systems
and instruments.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– amending the Environmental Protection Act 1994 to introduce
environmental controls for all special agreement mine operations,
including the Mt Isa smelters
– re-evaluating the need for the monitoring of nitrogen dioxide and ozone
at some sites
– releasing the South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program
2008–2026 aimed at reducing transport-related emissions
– establishing a lead monitoring program at Mt Isa.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 33
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
NE
PM
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Western Australia • Western Australia focused on:
– commencing work to relocate the monitoring laboratory
– continuing to liaise with local governments and other organisations
on the location of ambient monitoring stations
– developing strategy papers and methods to assist the Peer Review
Committee to achieve nationally consistent NEPM monitoring and
reporting information
– continuing with work to obtain NATA accreditation of NEPM
monitoring activities
– continuing to implement the Perth Air Quality Management Plan
– expanding ambient air monitoring networks
– improving community access to air quality monitoring data via real-time
information on the internet
– finalising a draft State Environmental (Ambient Air) Policy.
South Australia • South Australia focused on:
– developing f ine scale air emissions inventories commencing with
a comprehensive motor vehicles inventory for metropolitan Adelaide
– investigating the role of biogenic emissions in the formation of
photochemical oxidants across the Adelaide airshed
– continuing to review the Environment Protection (Air Quality) Policy,
the Environment Protection (Burning) Policy and the Environment
Protection (Motor Vehicle Fuel Quality) Policy
– continuing the Port Pirie Lead Implementation Program and the
‘tenby10’ program, which aim to reduce blood lead levels in children
– continuing the ‘Smoke Watch Challenge’ program in partnership with
the Adelaide Hills Council to encourage eff icient woodheater use.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– implementing the Environmental Management and Pollution Control
(Distributed Atmospheric Emissions) Regulations 2007
– developing air monitoring capability for PM2.5 and upgrading the
existing PM10 monitoring systems
– continuing the air quality awareness program in schools, including the
development of relevant teaching materials
– improving public access to air quality monitoring data via internet access.
Australian Capital Territory • The Australian Capital Territory focused on:
– continuing PM2.5 monitoring at Monash
– reducing woodheater emissions through public education, licensing
of f irewood merchants, and implementing a woodheater replacement
program and ongoing compliance programs.
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory focused on:
– working with other government agencies to address fire management issues
– investigating options to improve the air quality monitoring systems
in Darwin.
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
In this reporting year, jurisdictions have:
• strengthened legislation and regional air
quality strategies
• worked with local government, industry and
the community to reduce emissions
• initiated and continued a number of programs
to reduce woodsmoke emissions.
These activities demonstrate that jurisdictions are
committed to achieving the NEPM goals.
When the variation to the Ambient Air Quality NEPM
was made in 2003 to incorporate advisory reporting
standards for PM2.5, provision was made for a
program to determine whether gravimetric methods
of monitoring PM2.5 (the reference method) and
continuous methods (such as the TEOM) can be
considered equivalent.
During 2007–08 a consultant was commissioned to
review current Australian and international evaluations
of appropriate monitoring mechanisms for PM2.5.
The f indings of this review will be considered in
conjunction with collocation studies being undertaken
by jurisdictions to determine appropriate methods for
PM2.5 monitoring under the NEPM.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Monitoring results indicate that the NEPM standards
are being met and that air quality in Australia is
generally good by international standards. Some
jurisdictions have reported increases in particulate
pollution. Bushfires, controlled burning and dust are
the major causes of these standards being exceeded.
Other causes include f ireworks, increasing vehicle
use, localised industrial sources and woodheaters.
Concerns have been raised by some states about
increasing background ozone levels and possible
increased bushfire activity associated with climate
change and the drought, which will subsequently
affect monitoring standards and outcomes. Urban
expansion and the associated increase in motor
vehicle use could present challenges in future
compliance with the ozone standards.
Data collected at NEPM monitoring stations show
that the levels of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide and lead are generally below the
NEPM standards in all jurisdictions.
A review of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM is in
progress. The review is considering climate change
impacts and the NEPM monitoring standards, among
other things.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions have submitted reports in accordance
with clause 18 of the NEPM. These reports have
been prepared in accordance with the Peer Review
Committee’s Technical Paper No. 8 Annual Reports
for Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
Annual compliance reports have been reviewed for
national consistency and technical rigour by the Peer
Review Committee. The reports provided clear and
valuable information. The Peer Review Committee
reported that:
• the overall quality of the reports for this reporting
year is very high
• the reports demonstrate a high degree of national
consistency in the implementation of the NEPM
• the overall level of data availability is good.
More detailed monitoring data are available in
jurisdictional compliance reports which are available
from <www.ephc.gov.au>.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 153
Annex 2: New South Wales 155
Annex 3: Victoria 164
Annex 4: Queensland 171
Annex 5: Western Australia 177
Annex 6: South Australia 183
Annex 7: Tasmania 189
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 192
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 194
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 834
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
NE
PM
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘The NEPM guidelines have raisedpublic awareness of site contaminationissues and improved standards for sitecontamination assessments.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure
Made by Council: 10 December 1999
Commencement Date: 22 December 1999
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No GN 51, 22 December 1999, p 4246)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure is set
out in clause 5 (1) of the Measure as follows:
5.(1) National environment protection goal
The purpose of the Measure is to establish
a nationally consistent approach to the
assessment of site contamination to ensure
sound environmental management practices
by the community which includes regulators,
site assessors, environmental auditors,
landowners, developers and industry
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Assessment of Site
Contamination) Measure is set out in clause 5 (2)
of the Measure as follows:
5.(2) Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome for this
Measure is to provide adequate protection
of human health and the environment, where
site contamination has occurred, through the
development of an eff icient and effective
national approach to the assessment of
site contamination.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the
National Environment Protection (Assessment
of Site Contamination) Measure is based on the
following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
No specif ic criteria are set out in the Measure.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 836
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
NE
PM
NEPC Report on the implementation of the
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
NE
PM
37
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The NEPM is implemented as guidelines under the National Environment
Protection Measures (Implementation) Act 1998.
New South Wales • The NEPM operates under guidelines issued under the Contaminated Land
Management Act 1997.
• The Protection of the Environment Operations (Underground Petroleum
Storage Systems) Regulation 2008 commenced in this reporting year.
Victoria • The key legislative instruments for administering the NEPM are:
– the State Environment Protection Policy (Prevention and Management
of Contamination of Land)
– the State Environment Protection Policy (Groundwaters of Victoria)
– the Industrial Waste Management Policy (Prescribed Industrial Waste)
– the Planning and Environment Act 1987.
• The Environmental Audit System (Contaminated Land) provides the
administrative framework for assessing site contamination.
Queensland • The Integrated Planning Act 1997 and the Environment Protection Act
1994 are the key legislative instruments.
• The NEPM is applied through the Guidelines for the Assessment and
Management of Contaminated Land in Queensland, May 1998. All site
investigations and reporting must comply with the NEPM requirements when
statutory decisions are sought from the Environmental Protection Agency.
Western Australia • The NEPM is implemented through the Contaminated Sites Act 2003 and
the Contaminated Sites Regulations 2006.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005 enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
• The Environment Protection (Site Contamination) Amendment Act 2007
is now in force.
Tasmania • The NEPM is a state policy under the State Policies and Projects Act 1993.
• Amendments were made to the Environmental Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994 to address contaminated sites issues.
Australian Capital Territory • The NEPM is implemented by the Contaminated Sites Environment
Protection Policy made under the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Northern Territory • The NEPM is implemented by audits of contaminated sites, the pollution
control provisions of the Waste Management and Pollution Control Act
1998 and, in some cases, the Planning Act 1999.
• An Environment Protection Objective has been drafted for implementation
in 2008–09.
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth focused on:
– implementing various actions to assess contaminated sites, including
environmental management systems, compliance audits, national
environment assessment processes, surveys and audits of properties
and environmental management plans
– developing an agency based contaminated land strategy and a contaminated
sites register
– using databases to record property information to assist in the risk
assessment process
– using contaminated sites database information to prioritise remediation
activities and identify risks associated with underground fuel tanks.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– progressing amendments to the Contaminated Land Management Act 1997
– finalising 29 signif icant risk-of-harm assessments
– implementing Protection of the Environment Operations (Underground
Petroleum Storage Systems) Regulation 2008
• Accredited site auditors have issued 170 (118 statutory and 52 non-statutory)
site audit statements.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– administering the environmental audit system
– incorporating the NEPM into statutory instruments and guidelines
– providing public information about sites that have been through the
environmental audit process.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– reviewing 59 site assessment reports for NEPM compliance
– reviewing 498 development applications for contaminated land issues
– determining 151 sites as adequately assessed according to the NEPM
– issuing 182 permits for transport and disposal of contaminated soil.
• There were 64 sites placed under statutory audit by third party reviewers.
Western Australia • Western Australia focused on:
– the f irst year of operation of the new legislation
– introducing an accredited contaminated sites auditor system in
conjunction with the new legislation
– assessing and classifying 363 sites. The presence of contamination
was confirmed at 163 of these sites. This information has been
publicly released.
South Australia • South Australia focused on f inalising and implementing the Environment
Protection (Site Contamination) Amendment Act 2007.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– implementing the amended Environmental Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994
– developing a procedure for management of underground petroleum
storage systems
– continuing to develop a standard planning schedule.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 838
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
NE
PM
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
The NEPM provides a nationally consistent approach
to the assessment of site contamination and is a useful
reference document. Jurisdictions have reported that
the NEPM guidelines encourage sound environmental
practices and give clear direction when assessing site
contamination. The NEPM guidelines have also
succeeded in raising greater public awareness of site
contamination issues and improved standards for site
contamination assessments.
The increased focus on site contamination has led
to legislative changes within some jurisdictions to
reinforce NEPM implementation.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM is the primary guidance document for the
assessment of site contamination in Australia and has
increased consistency between jurisdictions. The
NEPC Service Corporation website statistics show
that the NEPM and the guidelines continue to be the
most downloaded of all NEPC documents. This
indicates a high awareness and use of the NEPM
guidelines.
Jurisdictions identif ied a need for guidance on the
assessment of hydrocarbon-affected sites. Further
development is required to broaden the health and
ecological investigation levels for soil and ground-
water. Concern was also raised regarding the misuse
of these levels as default cleanup criteria, leading
to unwarranted remediation or underestimation
of environmental risk.
There are other concerns about excessive conservatism
in site clean-up, in particular, related to small residual
quantities of bonded asbestos material in development
sites. Remediation of these sites generates signif icant
costs associated with removal and disposal of large
quantities of essentially uncontaminated soil.
There are also complex issues concerning the use of
appropriate soil criteria for petroleum hydrocarbons
and volatile organic compounds with regard to their
potential to penetrate into building interiors.
It is anticipated that the current proposed variation to
the NEPM will help to address the issues raised above.
The effectiveness of the NEPM will then be enhanced
and will bring the NEPM up to date with contemporary
technology and assessment methods. Inclusion of
the principles of site management in the NEPM will
strengthen the nationally consistent framework for
site management.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Clause 9 of the NEPM sets out the information that
jurisdictions are required to report. This information
has been provided by jurisdictions in Part 5 of
this report.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 199
Annex 2: New South Wales 201
Annex 3: Victoria 203
Annex 4: Queensland 206
Annex 5: Western Australia 208
Annex 6: South Australia 209
Annex 7: Tasmania 211
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 212
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 213
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 39
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Australian Capital Territory • The Australian Capital Territory focused on implementing the NEPM
through the Contaminated Sites Environment Protection Policy.
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory focused on drafting an Environment Protection
Objective and associated guidance.
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
NE
PM
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘Jurisdictions are continuing toimprove diesel vehicle emissionsthrough better emissions testing,vocational training and awareness-raising activities.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure
Made by Council: 29 June 2001
Commencement Date: 18 July 2001
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No GN 28, 18 July, 2001 p 2014)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure is set out in
clause 10 of the Measure as follows:
10. National environment protection goal
The goal of this Measure is to reduce exhaust
emissions from diesel vehicles, by facilitating
compliance with in-service emissions standards
for diesel vehicles.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions)
Measure is set out in clause 11 of the Measure
as follows:
11. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is to reduce pollution from in-service
diesel vehicles.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Reporting requirements set out in clause 15 (1) of the
Measure are as follows:
It is intended that each participating jurisdiction
submit a report to the Council on the following
matters:
a) Assessment of the need to take action to
manage emissions from the in–service diesel
fleet, utilising the criteria specif ied in clause 13
b) Description of actions taken.
A brief report of all programs implemented
during the reporting year to manage emissions
from in–service diesel vehicles, including any
programs implemented that are not covered by
the guidelines in Schedule A of this Measure.
This description should take account of:
– the scope of action required to achieve
the Goal and the Desired Environmental
Outcome specif ied in this Measure; and
– any action taken and progress made to reduce
emissions from in-service diesel vehicles
prior to the commencement of this Measure
(relevant to the f irst year of reporting).
c) Assessment of the effectiveness of any
actions taken.
Participating jurisdictions must assess their
progress in reducing emissions from in–service
diesel vehicles identif ied as signif icant
contributors to air quality problems.
This assessment should include:
– an estimation of any change in the proportion
of diesel vehicles out of compliance with
in–service emissions standards; and
– an estimation of the reduction in diesel
vehicle emissions to ambient air.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 842
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
NE
PM
NEPC Report on the implementation of the
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
NE
PM
43
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The NEPM is implemented under the National Environment Protection
Measures (Implementation) Act 1998.
• The key legislative, regulatory and administrative frameworks are:
– Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000
– Australian Design Rules (ADRs) under the Motor Vehicle Standards
Act 1989
– incentives and fuel tax credit arrangements.
New South Wales • The key legislative instruments are the Protection of the Environment
Operations Act 1997 and the Protection of the Environment Operations
(Clean Air) Regulation 2002.
• The NEPM is implemented as part of the NSW government’s 25-year air
quality management plan, Action for Air.
Victoria • The primary legislative tools are the Environment Protection (Vehicle
Emissions) Regulations 2003 under the Environment Protection Act 1970.
Queensland • The NEPM is implemented by the National Environment Protection
Council (Queensland) Act 1994 and through programs under the South
East Queensland Regional Plan 2005–2026.
Western Australia • The NEPM is implemented by the National Environment Protection
Council (Western Australia) Act 1996, the Road Traffic (Vehicle
Standards) Rules 2002 and through programs under the Perth Air Quality
Management Plan.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005, enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
Tasmania • The NEPM is a state policy under the State Policies and Projects Act 1993
and the National Environment Protection Council (Tasmania) Act 1995.
Australian Capital Territory • The key legislative instrument is the Road Transport (Vehicle Registration)
Regulation 2000.
Northern Territory • Vehicle performance standards are enforced under the Motor Vehicles Act
and the Australian Vehicle Standard Rules.
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 844
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
NE
PM
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth focused on:
– administering the Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000, the Motor Vehicle
Standards Act 1989 and the Alternative Fuels Conversion Program
– implementing the Euro 4 emissions standards for heavy diesel vehicles
– implementing second phase incentives to encourage the early supply
of 10mg/kg sulfur diesel
– continuing funding support to jurisdictions to develop and implement
diesel in-service emissions testing programs and to establish testing
facilities
– maintaining and managing its diesel fleet.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– continuing the Smoky Vehicle Program
– continuing to test the emissions of vehicles volunteered by private and
government fleet operators
– developing maintenance guidelines for fleet operators
– implementing the Clean Fleet Program
– continuing to deliver training courses with TAFE for proper diesel
vehicle maintenance with expansion of the course to regional areas
– commencing the NSW Diesel Retrofit Program, including testing the
effectiveness of retrofit devices on reducing diesel emissions
– conducting trials of alternative fuels to assess emissions benefits.
• There were 495 penalty notices issued to owners of smoky diesel vehicles,
with 23 prosecutions.
• There were 103 warning letters issued to diesel vehicle owners, resulting
from public reports.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– continuing the Smoky Vehicle Program
– delivering formal training courses for diesel mechanics
– construction of a heavy vehicle emissions test facility
– entering into joint agreements with local governments, focusing
on diesel emissions reduction.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– addressing diesel emissions through a number of programs, including
the AirCare Program in South East Queensland
– developing plans to manage transport growth and deliver a sustainable
transport system
– conducting in-service vehicle emissions testing using remote vehicle
sensing technology to inform future policy development
– exploring hybrid diesel-electric bus technology
– supporting the development of biofuels.
• There were 1460 diesel vehicles reported to the Smoky Vehicle Program,
compared to 1312 in the previous year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 45
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Western Australia • Western Australia focused on:
– completing the CleanRun—Behaviour Change Initiative
– testing the emissions of 376 diesel and petrol vehicles as part of Phase 2
of the vehicle emissions testing program
– delivering a series of in-service mechanic training short courses at
Swan TAFE
– further enhancing the smoky vehicle reporting program including the
introduction of a new telephone number (1800 0SMOKY).
South Australia • South Australia focused on:
– implementing a diesel NEPM demonstration test and repair program
at the vehicle emission test facility
– reviewing the Smoky Vehicle Program
– delivering industry-wide training through TAFE SA
– evaluating the results from the test and repair pilot program using the
in-service diesel emission standard and Composite Urban Emission
Drive Cycle
– continuing to use bio-diesel in the public transport fleet.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– running a series of training workshops on diesel engine skill gap training
in rural areas through TAFE Tasmania
– expanding the diesel testing capacity by purchasing testing equipment.
Australian Capital Territory • Australian Capital Territory focused on:
– implementing random on-road and car park inspections
– implementing a public reporting system for smoky and unroadworthy
vehicles
– subscribing to Greenfleet to offset vehicle fleet emissions
– expanding the ACT Government Fleet Efficiency Program by purchasing
55 compressed natural gas powered buses.
Northern Territory • Northern Territory focused on the Smoky Vehicle Program, which operates
as part of the vehicle registration and roadworthiness testing procedures.
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
NE
PM
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
Some jurisdictions are integrating the implementation
of the Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM with activities
that also aim to meet their Ambient Air Quality
NEPM requirements.
Jurisdictions continue to implement the NEPM through
their Smoky Vehicle Programs, which are well
supported by the public. Separate reporting systems
for diesel vehicles would provide more meaningful
data on the level of diesel vehicle emissions.
A number of jurisdictions have upgraded their in-
service vehicle testing and training facilities, which
will increase testing capabilities and improve vehicle
maintenance. Some jurisdictions have purchased
alternative fuel powered buses to reduce diesel vehicle
emissions from public transport vehicles.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Fuel Quality Standards and Australian Design
Rules continue to have the greatest effect on reducing
emissions from diesel vehicles. State and territory
programs have complemented this, although the
46 National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
NE
PM
nature of the initiatives implemented to date limits
the ability to assess the overall effectiveness of the
NEPM.
Commonwealth funding has enabled states and
territories to progress NEPM objectives. Some TAFE
training courses have been expanded and Smoky
Vehicle Programs in states and territories complement
these activities.
States and territories are continuing to reduce diesel
vehicle emissions through better emissions testing,
vocational training and awareness-raising activities.
Jurisdictional annual reports to date have not provided
adequate information to allow quantitative assessment
of any emissions improvement. Only some jurisdictions
provide statistical data on diesel vehicle numbers,
Smoky Vehicle Program data and a summary of diesel
vehicle emissions test results. This may be attributed
to the lack of a separate reporting system for diesel
vehicles in some jurisdictions.
During this reporting year, the NEPC initiated a
variation to the NEPM. As part of the variation process,
the project team will consider:
• revising and updating of the guidelines
• developing performance indicators for assessing
and reporting on compliance programs
• developing periodic national testing
• evaluating techniques that jurisdictions could
incorporate into the delivery of information and
training programs
• developing in-service emissions standards and tests.
It is anticipated that NEPC will consider making
the proposed variation and recommendations related
to implementation in early 2009.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Clause 15 of the NEPM sets out the information that
jurisdictions are required to report. This information
has been provided by jurisdictions in their individual
reports in Part 5 of this report.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 217
Annex 2: New South Wales 219
Annex 3: Victoria 225
Annex 4: Queensland 228
Annex 5: Western Australia 231
Annex 6: South Australia 236
Annex 7: Tasmania 240
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 241
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 242
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Movement of Controlled Waste betweenStates and Territories NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘The application of the NEPMensures that controlled wastes aretransported in a manner thatminimises the potential for adverseimpacts on the environment andhuman health.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection Council
(Movement of Controlled Waste between States and
Territories) Measure
Made by Council: 26 June 1998
Commencement Date: 8 July 1998
(advertised in the Commonwealth of Australia
Gazette No. GN 27, 8 July 1998, p 2212)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The desired goal for the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between
States and Territories) Measure is set out in clause 11
of the Measure as follows:
11. The national environment protection goal
of this Measure is to assist in achieving the
desired environmental outcomes set out in
clause 12 by providing a basis for ensuring
that controlled wastes which are to be moved
between States and Territories are properly
identif ied, transported, and otherwise handled
in ways which are consistent with environ-
mentally sound practices for the management
of these wastes.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome for the National
Environment Protection (Movement of Controlled
Waste between States and Territories) Measure is set
out in clause 12 of the Measure as follows:
12. The desired environmental outcomes of this
Measure are to minimise the potential for
adverse impacts associated with the movement
of controlled waste on the environment and
human health.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Movement of Controlled
Waste between States and Territories) Measure is
based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Clause 13(1) of the NEPM states that:
In order to facilitate reporting on the implement-
ation and effectiveness of the NEPM, the relevant
agency of each participating state and territory
should provide collated summary information
on the:
(i) movement of controlled waste into each
jurisdiction, indicating jurisdiction of origin,
waste code and quantity of waste;
(ii) level of discrepancies (e.g. non-arrival
of a consignment) as a percentage of total
authorised controlled waste movements; and
(iii) benefits arising from the implementation
of the Measure.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 848
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
NEPC Report on the implementation of the Movement of
Controlled Waste between States and Territories NEPM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
49
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The NEPM operates administratively under the National Environment
Protection Measures (Implementation) Act 1998.
• Relevant state and territory tracking and reporting systems are used
to move Commonwealth controlled waste.
New South Wales • The key legislative instruments are the Protection of the Environment
Operations Act 1997 and the Protection of the Environment Operations
(Waste) Regulation 2005.
Victoria • The key legislative instruments are the Environment Protection Act 1970,
the Environment Protection (Prescribed Waste) Regulations 1998, and the
Industrial Waste Management Policy (Movement of Controlled Waste
between States and Territories) 2001.
Queensland • The key legislative instruments are the Environmental Protection Act 1994
and the Environmental Protection (Waste Management) Regulation 2000.
Western Australia • The primary legislative instruments are the Environmental Protection
(Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004.
South Australia • The NEPM operates as an Environment Protection Policy under the
Environment Protection Act 1993 and is implemented through conditions
of licences.
Tasmania • The State Policies and Projects Act 1993 and the Environmental Management
and Pollution Control Act 1994 are the key legislative instruments.
Australian Capital Territory • The key legislative instruments are the Environment Protection Act 1997
and the Environment Protection Regulations 2005.
Northern Territory • The key legislative instruments are the Waste Management and Pollution
Control Act 1998 and the Dangerous Goods (Road and Rail Transport) Act.
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 850
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • Six Commonwealth portfolios reported activities under the NEPM.
• Commonwealth agencies affected by the NEPM incorporated its
requirements into their environment management systems, waste
management tracking systems or OH&S requirements.
• In some instances, contractors that operate under state and territory
environmental licensing systems were used.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– raising stakeholder awareness of waste tracking requirements
– increasing NEPM compliance using the online waste tracking system
– undertaking a range of targeted compliance campaigns using video
surveillance to prevent illegal dumping and unlawful waste transport.
• There were 102 901 tonnes of controlled waste tracked into NSW in
6312 movements in this reporting year.
• This compares to 83 690 tonnes of controlled waste tracked in
5044 movements in the previous reporting year.
Victoria • There were 649 consignment authorisations issued, involving
55 292 tonnes of controlled waste in 4127 movements.
• This compares to 617 consignment authorisations issued, involving
40 488 tonnes of controlled waste in 3598 movements in the previous
reporting year.
Queensland • There were 150 consignment authorisations issued, involving
11 358 tonnes of controlled waste in 949 movements; 5 consignment
applications were refused.
• This compares to 172 consignment authorisations issued, involving
8784 tonnes of controlled waste in 843 movements in the previous
reporting year; 10 consignment applications were refused.
Western Australia • There were 739 tonnes of controlled waste tracked into Western Australia
in 26 movements.
• This compares to 912 tonnes of controlled waste tracked in 15 movements
in the previous reporting year.
South Australia • There were 11 625 tonnes of controlled waste tracked into South Australia
in 956 movements.
• This compares to 5789 tonnes of controlled waste tracked in 589 movements
in the previous reporting year.
Tasmania • There were 5450 tonnes of controlled waste tracked into Tasmania in
283 movements.
• This compares to 294 tonnes of controlled waste tracked in 23 movements
in the previous reporting year.
Australian Capital Territory • The Australian Capital Territory issued 54 consignment authorisations,
involving 1018 tonnes of controlled waste in 936 movements.
• This compares to 50 consignment authorisations, involving 1023 tonnes
of controlled waste in 975 movements in the previous reporting year.
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
Jurisdictions continued to implement and progress the
operation of the NEPM by improving tracking systems
and streamlining administrative processes. Some
jurisdictions undertook compliance campaigns targeting
waste transport to prevent unlawful activities such as
illegal dumping and non-compliant waste transfers.
The Implementation Working Group, with membership
from all jurisdictions, remains a valuable forum for
communicating and discussing controlled waste
management issues.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM effectively monitors the movement
of controlled waste and jurisdictions are working
collaboratively to ensure there is an eff icient and
consistent system for tracking controlled waste.
Continued cooperation between the states and
territories resolves discrepancies and illegal
shipments.
Industry compliance continues to be high as the
NEPM provides clear guidelines on the transport of
controlled waste across state and territory borders.
Some jurisdictions have implemented an online waste
tracking system which prevents unlicensed transport
as well as the use of out-of-date consignment
authorisations, a major problem in the past.
The waste tracking documentation indicates that
a signif icant proportion of waste movements across
jurisdictional boundaries are for reuse, recycling
or energy recovery.
The application of the NEPM ensures that controlled
wastes are transported in a manner that minimises the
potential for adverse impacts on the environment and
human health. It also allows for wastes to be treated
in a proper and satisfactory fashion, thus reducing
stockpiles nationally.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The jurisdictional reports in Part 5 provide
information from each state and territory. The tables
below provide a national summary of the data for
quantities of each waste category transported between
states and territories; the waste classes group the
73 categories of waste streams and constituents listed
in Schedule A of the NEPM into 15 broader types.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 51
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory is currently a net exporter of controlled
waste interstate.
• There was no controlled waste tracked into the Northern Territory this
reporting year.
• This compares to 300 tonnes of controlled waste tracked in 1 movement
in the previous reporting year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 852
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Tab
le 3
:S
um
mar
y of
tot
al m
ovem
ents
of
con
trol
led
was
te w
ith
in A
ust
rali
a,
impo
rts
by s
tate
s an
d te
rrit
orie
s fo
r th
e pe
riod
1 Ju
ly 2
007
– 30
Ju
ne
2008
Cod
eD
escr
ipti
onN
SW
Vic
Qld
WA
SA
Tas
AC
TN
TT
otal
AP
lati
ng &
hea
t tr
eatm
ent
21.4
85.
000.
000.
0012
.75
0.00
0.00
0.00
39.2
3
BA
cids
1132
7.74
357.
3155
.34
0.00
12.8
72.
160.
000.
0011
755.
42
CA
lkal
is72
.76
1810
.56
82.1
10.
0038
.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
2003
.53
DIn
orga
nic
chem
ical
s53
194.
0632
194.
9273
4.67
60.0
068
27.3
153
58.6
50.
000.
0098
369.
61
ER
eact
ive
chem
ical
s0.
0710
.18
1.49
0.00
23.7
50.
000.
000.
0035
.49
FP
aint
s, r
esin
s, i
nks,
org
anic
slu
dges
3642
.73
3789
.74
495.
2469
.00
164.
090.
000.
000.
0081
60.8
0
GO
rgan
ic s
olve
nts
1025
.39
3614
.66
1.48
0.00
380.
2818
.20
0.00
0.00
5040
.01
HP
esti
cide
s56
4.35
122.
3995
.44
18.3
012
.87
0.00
0.00
0.00
813.
35
JO
ils
6425
.84
1012
8.80
5737
.57
100.
0036
54.3
24.
8026
9.38
0.00
2632
0.71
KP
utre
scib
le/o
rgan
ic w
aste
2041
0.16
2574
.86
654.
866.
000.
0030
.21
0.00
0.00
2367
6.09
LIn
dust
rial
was
hwat
er0.
0010
5.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
105.
95
MO
rgan
ic c
hem
ical
s14
78.4
731
6.97
350.
050.
002.
500.
0049
0.15
0.00
2638
.14
NS
oil/
slud
ge45
03.1
513
.12
1305
.64
229.
0034
5.26
35.5
40.
000.
0064
31.7
1
RC
lini
cal
& p
harm
aceu
tica
l15
2.80
197.
0518
44.3
60.
0075
.24
0.00
258.
930.
0025
28.3
8
TM
isc.
82.3
251
.05
0.00
256.
7475
.62
0.28
0.00
0.00
466.
01
Tot
al (
ton
nes
)10
2901
.32
5529
2.56
1135
8.25
739.
0411
624.
9654
49.8
410
18.4
60.
0018
8384
.43
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 53
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Tab
le 4
:S
um
mar
y of
tot
al m
ovem
ents
of
con
trol
led
was
te w
ith
in A
ust
rali
a,
expo
rts
by s
tate
s an
d te
rrit
orie
s fo
r th
e pe
riod
1 Ju
ly 2
007
– 30
Ju
ne
2008
Cod
eD
escr
ipti
onN
SW
Vic
Qld
WA
SA
Tas
AC
TN
TT
otal
AP
lati
ng &
hea
t tr
eatm
ent
0.75
11.5
626
.48
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.44
39.2
3
BA
cids
371.
2611
329.
445.
221.
580.
8821
.43
9.54
16.0
711
755.
42
CA
lkal
is18
92.0
30.
0022
.48
0.00
0.00
0.64
50.2
838
.10
2003
.53
DIn
orga
nic
chem
ical
s17
392.
0236
773.
4618
221.
2458
04.8
510
873.
1181
83.2
317
4.60
947.
1098
369.
61
ER
eact
ive
chem
ical
s11
.51
23.7
50.
000.
000.
000.
110.
120.
0035
.49
FP
aint
s, r
esin
s, i
nks,
org
anic
slu
dges
3381
.78
2736
.30
1707
.97
141.
2412
1.38
6.28
64.4
11.
4481
60.8
0
GO
rgan
ic s
olve
nts
2500
.09
676.
4646
3.53
283.
7229
1.06
764.
7757
.35
3.03
5040
.01
HP
esti
cide
s13
4.77
8.40
574.
220.
0063
.44
9.42
0.63
22.4
781
3.35
JO
ils
1348
3.53
4898
.28
3227
.76
54.5
413
8.50
325.
5315
78.9
726
13.6
026
320.
71
KP
utre
scib
le/o
rgan
ic w
aste
3229
.72
3914
.49
1293
7.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
3588
.63
6.00
2367
6.09
LIn
dust
rial
was
hwat
er10
5.95
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
105.
95
MO
rgan
ic c
hem
ical
s99
0.04
213.
2911
41.2
543
.80
25.9
971
.36
149.
912.
5026
38.1
4
NS
oil/
slud
ge24
6.63
1548
.75
333.
9235
0.39
19.5
012
08.6
627
23.6
10.
2564
31.7
1
RC
lini
cal
& p
harm
aceu
tica
l71
1.56
1553
.96
33.9
40.
0030
.19
6.68
118.
8173
.24
2528
.38
TM
isc.
145.
8318
0.66
8.60
0.00
0.00
2.69
52.6
175
.62
466.
01
Tot
al (
ton
nes
)44
597.
4763
868.
8038
703.
8666
80.1
211
564.
0510
600.
8085
69.4
737
99.8
618
8384
.43
Figure 1: Tonnage of controlled waste moved within Australia 2007–08
NSW0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
110000
Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Am
oun
t of
was
te (
ton
nes
)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 854
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Imports
Exports
Figure 2: Tonnage of controlled waste moved within Australia 1999–2008
1999–000
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08
Am
oun
t of
was
te (
ton
nes
)
Reporting year
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 245
Annex 2: New South Wales 247
Annex 3: Victoria 250
Annex 4: Queensland 253
Annex 5: Western Australia 256
Annex 6: South Australia 258
Annex 7: Tasmania 260
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 262
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 264
Figure 3: Number of movements of controlled waste within Australia 2004–08
2004–05
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
10,000
12,000
2005–06 2006–07 2007–08
Am
oun
t of
was
te (
ton
nes
)
Reporting year
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 55
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
NE
PM
Note: Information regarding number of movements has been provided only since the reporting year 2004–05.
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘The National Pollutant Inventorywebsite is meeting the goal of theNEPM by providing accessibleinformation on emissions.’
58
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(National Pollutant Inventory) Measure
Made by Council: 27 February 1998
Commencement Date: Clauses 1 and 2 of the Measure
commenced on the date of Gazettal 4 March 1998
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. S89, 4 March 1998, p 1) with the remaining
provisions of the Measure commencing on 1 July 1998.
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The environment protection goals are established
by clause 6 of this Measure as follows:
6. The national environment protection goals
established by this Measure are to assist in
reducing the existing and potential impacts of
emissions of substances and to assist government,
industry and the community in achieving the
desired environmental outcomes set out in
clause 5 by providing a basis for:
(a) the collection of a broad base of information
on emissions of substances on the reporting
list to air, land and water; and
(b) the dissemination of information collected
to all sectors of the community in a useful,
accessible and understandable form.
In summary, the NPI NEPM provides the framework
for the development and establishment of the NPI
which is an Internet database designed to provide
publicly available information on the types and
amounts of certain chemicals being emitted to the
air, land and water.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcomes, as set out
in clause 5 of the Measure, are:
(a) the maintenance and improvement of:
(i) ambient air quality; and
(ii) ambient marine, estuarine and fresh
water quality;
(b) the minimisation of environmental impacts
associated with hazardous wastes; and
(c) an expansion in the re-use and recycling
of used materials.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Longer term performance indicators relating to the
effectiveness of the National Pollutant Inventory
(NPI) have been listed in some Memoranda of
Understanding (MOU) between the Commonwealth
and the State and Territories for the years 2005–09.
They have been included to provide jurisdictions
with a guide to the type of information that could
be reported. Indicators could include:
• number of ‘hits’ on data base
• number of facility reports on the database
• feedback/data from industry indicates that the
process of emission estimation and reporting from
the NPI has led to increased consideration of waste
minimisation and cleaner production initiatives
• feedback from users of the database on its usability
and on the relevance of the information for their needs
• total number of reporters in comparison to 2006–07
• range of industry sectors reporting
• number of new reporters
• new industry sectors reporting
• any other indicator identif ied.
Jurisdictions should report on those specif ic criteria
that are appropriate for their responsibilities under
the NPI Measure.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y N
EP
M
NEPC Report on the implementation of the
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM
59
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The NEPM is implemented by administrative arrangements under the
National Environment Protection Measures (Implementation) Act 1998.
New South Wales • The key legislative instrument is the Protection of the Environment
Operations (General) Regulation 1998 under the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act 1997.
Victoria • The key legislative instrument is the Industrial Waste Management Policy
(National Pollutant Inventory) 1998 under the Environment Protection
Act 1970.
Queensland • The NEPM is implemented under the Environmental Protection Act 1994
and the Environmental Protection Regulation 1998.
Western Australia • The key legislative instrument is the Environmental Protection (NPI
NEPM) Regulation 1998 under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005 enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
• The Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Policy 2008
came into effect in March 2008.
Tasmania • The NEPM is a state policy under the State Policies and Projects Act
1993 and is complied with and enforced through the Environmental
Management and Pollution Control Act 1993.
Australian Capital Territory • The key legislative instrument is the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Northern Territory • The NEPM is implemented by the Environment Protection (National
Pollutant Inventory) Objective established under the Waste Management
Pollution Control Act 2003.
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
NE
PM
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • Commonwealth activities focused on:
– progressing the staged introduction of the online reporting system for
industry reporters
– improving data quality with revised emission estimation technique
manuals and new calculation tools
– publishing the year nine (2006–07) facility data and other information
on the NPI website
– hosting the inaugural NPI Conference in May 2008
– redesigning the NPI website to improve the database search functionality
– promoting the NPI to raise awareness of the program
– developing guidance materials to assist reporters in determining
their transfers.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– updating diffuse sources data for the Greater Metropolitan Region airshed,
which includes the greater Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong regions
– delivering training sessions to industry to provide guidance on the new
reporting system and the introduction of transfers reporting
– improving the data quality of facility reports and encouraging new
reporters by maintaining a high level of support for industry.
• There were 769 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
757 in the previous reporting year.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– continuing to provide a centralised electronic reporting support role for
the jurisdictions
– conducting industry workshops
– expanding industry participation in the NPI.
• There were 794 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
780 in the previous reporting year.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– collaborative improvements to industry reporting materials and emission
estimation techniques
– enhancing reporting mechanisms
– conducting ‘hands-on’ training, workshops and conferences, including
for industry reporters
– calculating diffuse source emissions for the Gladstone airshed and the
Burnett–Mary water catchment
– promoting the NPI program to the community and internationally.
• There were 1029 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
1025 in the previous reporting year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y N
EP
M
60
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Western Australia • Western Australia focused on:
– conducting an industry training session in Bunbury
– continuing the Perth airshed emissions study
– managing study projects of the Swan Canning and Peel–Harvey catchment
areas to estimate aggregated emissions of nutrients
– continuing to ensure that WA industry facilities are well informed about
NPI processes and their obligations to report estimated emissions
– streamlining data processing for facility reports.
• There were 681 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
639 in the previous reporting year.
South Australia • South Australia focused on:
– improving the accuracy of the NPI database through contacting new
reporters and through the implementation of a quality systems approach
for validation procedures
– developing communication materials on the changes to the NPI
– updating aggregated water emission data
– providing data for the new EPA licensing fee system, which includes
a resource eff iciency fee component based on emissions of key
NPI pollutants
– developing the Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory)
Policy 2008.
• There were 403 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
394 in the previous reporting year.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– providing one-on-one assistance to industry reporters and identifying
new reporters
– ensuring the accuracy of data and improving the timeliness of returns
– promoting the NPI to potential users.
• There were 164 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
172 in the previous reporting year.
Australian Capital Territory • The Australian Capital Territory focused on:
– conducting a training session to assist local reporters with the new online
system, as well as several one-on-one sessions with facility operators
– ensuring the accuracy of reporting data
– liaising with local and interstate reporters.
• There were 20 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
21 in the previous reporting year.
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory focused on:
– ensuring the reliability, accuracy and compliance of facility data
– identifying future reporters and following up on past reporters who
failed to submit a report
– developing a communication strategy to deliver information about the
NPI program.
• There were 86 NPI facility reports received for 2006–07 compared with
97 in the previous reporting year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
NE
PM
61
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 862
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y N
EP
M
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
Jurisdictions are continuing to improve the data
collected through the NPI by:
• implementing the new online reporting system
• improving desktop and auditing procedures
• increasing industry and community awareness and
participation through workshops, one-on-one training,
communication materials and education programs
• improving emission estimation techniques
• improving procedures for validating and verifying
data
• increasing participation rates for non–reporters,
particularly by targeting specif ic industry sectors
• updating aggregated emissions data for catchments
and airsheds.
Jurisdictions continue to work together through the
NPI Implementation Working Group.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Website
In 2007–08, the NPI website had 591 644 new user
sessions compared to 562 391 new user sessions in
the previous year — an increase of 5%. The increase
in website traff ic indicates that the NPI website is
meeting the goal of the NEPM by providing accessible
information on emissions.
In this reporting year, work commenced to develop
an educational resource for students and teachers
exploring sources of pollution. It is anticipated that
this information will be available on the NPI website
in the 2008–09 reporting year.
Variation to the NEPM
The NPI NEPM was varied in June 2007 to include
reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and transfers.
Figure 1: NPI website ‘hits’
600,000
700,000
500,000
400,000
300,000
200,000
100,000
0
2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08
Reporting year
Nu
mb
er o
f h
its
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
NE
PM
63
Greenhouse gas emissions
Following the enactment of the National Greenhouse
and Energy Reporting Act 2007 in September 2007,
the greenhouse gas and energy reporting requirements
within the NPI ceased to have effect.
In April 2008, the NEPC commenced the statutory
process to vary the NPI NEPM, to remove
greenhouse gas and energy reporting requirements.
The proposed variation will remove duplicative
reporting requirements in order to minimise any
confusion in reporting to the NPI.
Transfers reporting
The varied NEPM requires reporting of transfers by
facilities that trigger the thresholds set in the NEPM.
Transfers include substances which are transported or
moved to an end use such as containment, destruction,
treatment or energy recovery.
Industry reporters, who report by calendar year,
commenced collection of their data on 1 January
2008. The first year of transfers data will be published
on the NPI website in the 2009–10 reporting year.
Emerging issues
The major emerging issue for jurisdictions relates
to the impact of reporting transfers under the varied
NEPM. This is likely to affect a large number of
reporting facilities. Jurisdictions will require
additional resources to implement the varied NEPM
and to assist industry in understanding the new
reporting requirements.
The online reporting tool has improved and simplified
the reporting process.
Facility reports
The total number of reporting facilities for all
jurisdictions was 3955, compared to 3890 in the
previous year. The graph below shows the number
of facility reports over the last eight years.
Industry reporters have been supportive of the new
online reporting system, as well as improved reporting
materials and emissions factors. The online reporting
system has helped to streamline reporting and improve
data quality. Reporters in some jurisdictions have
indicated that reporting is less onerous as they have
established systems and processes to complete their
reports and have had good support from jurisdictional
NPI officers.
Figure 2: NPI facility reports received by jurisdictions 1999–2007
NSW0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Nu
mb
er o
f fa
cili
ties
rep
orti
ng
Jurisdiction
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
64 National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y N
EP
M
Implementation Working Group
During the reporting year, the Implementation
Working Group provided input to the:
• development of a booklet investigating and
discussing waste transfer reporting requirements
• NPI NEPM variation and associated funding
• provision and publication of data for the 2006–07
reporting year
• new NPI online reporting system and improvements
to the NPI website
• industry reporting materials
• development of a marketing strategy to raise
awareness of the NPI, NPI conference and
production of a range of promotional materials.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
This annual report relates to activities in the period
2007–08, for which the NPI relates mainly to the
collecting, assessing and publishing of estimated
emissions of pollutants from industrial facilities that
reported for the 2006–07 year. The timing of these
activities is stipulated in the NPI NEPM.
Reporting information is available on the NPI
website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 267
Annex 2: New South Wales 272
Annex 3: Victoria 276
Annex 4: Queensland 281
Annex 5: Western Australia 287
Annex 6: South Australia 290
Annex 7: Tasmania 294
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 296
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 298
N E P C R e p o r t o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Used Packaging Materials NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
‘The NEPM contributes to betterenvironmental outcomes for packagingby encouraging the majority of brandowners to sign the Covenant. Theincrease in signatories indicates thatthe NEPM is achieving its goal.’
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Used Packaging Materials) Measure
Made by Council: 2 July 1999
Commencement Date: 14 July 1999
(advertised Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. GN 28, 14 July 1999, p 2114)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The environment protection goal is established by
clause 6 of this Measure as follows:
6. National environment protection goal
The goal of the Measure is to reduce
environmental degradation arising from the
disposal of used packaging and conserve virgin
materials through the encouragement of re-use
and recycling of used packaging materials by
supporting and complementing the voluntary
strategies in the National Packaging Covenant.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcomes from the
combination of the National Packaging Covenant and
the Measure are to optimise resource use and recovery
and encourage the conservation of virgin materials.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM
with NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM
reporting requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Criteria for assessment and performance
measurement of implementation of the NEPM are
set out in clause 21 of the NEPM which states that
each participating jurisdiction shall provide to
Council the following information:
• information gathered from brand owners whose
records under clause 16 have been audited by
the jurisdiction
• aggregated information received from local
governments under clause 17
• information gathered through the conduct of
surveys under clause 18
• information relating to complaints received,
investigations undertaken and prosecutions
mounted pursuant to the NEPM
• a statement of interpretation of the information.
Note: Clause 15(3) states that a common approach
to the interpretation of data gathered pursuant to
these protocols and to the terminology used with the
data shall be adopted by participating jurisdictions.
Furthermore, that the terminology used shall be in
accordance with definitions set out in the NEPM
as per clause 15(4).
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 866
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
NE
PM NEPC Report on the implementation of the
Used Packaging Materials NEPM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 67
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S N
EP
M
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
This part provides a summary of jurisdictional reports on implementation and the Council’s overall assessment
of the implementation of the NEPM.
Legislative, regulatory and administrative framework
Table 1: Summary of implementation frameworks
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation frameworks
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth, including Australia Post, is a signatory to the
National Packaging Covenant. As a result, the Commonwealth did not
undertake any other activities to implement the NEPM.
New South Wales • The NEPM is implemented by the Protection of the Environment
Operations (Waste) Regulation 2006.
• Local government reporting is implemented under existing
administrative arrangements.
Victoria • The NEPM is implemented by the Waste Management Policy (Used
Packaging Materials) 2006, under the Environment Protection Act 1970.
Queensland • The NEPM is implemented by the Environmental Protection (Waste
Management) Regulation 2000.
Western Australia • The NEPM is implemented by the Environmental Protection (NEPM Used
Packaging Materials) Regulations 2007 under the Environmental Protection
Act 1986.
South Australia • The transitional provisions in the Environment Protection (Miscellaneous)
Amendment Act 2005 enable the NEPM to continue to operate as an
Environment Protection Policy.
• The Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Policy 2007 is the
key legislative instrument.
Tasmania • The NEPM is implemented as a state policy under the State Policies and
Projects Act 1993, which has been given effect by issuing Environment
Protection Notices under the Environmental Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994.
Australian Capital Territory • The NEPM is implemented by the Industry Waste Reduction Plan under
the Waste Minimisation Act 2001.
Northern Territory • The NEPM is implemented by the 2007 Re-thinking Waste Disposal
Behaviour and Resource Efficiency Interim Action Plan.
Table 2: Summary of implementation activities
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
Commonwealth • The Commonwealth focused on:
– encouraging Covenant activities across all Commonwealth organisations
– engaging a consultant to develop a method for determining the tonnage
of packaging recycled by each agency
– participating in the development of the National Packaging Covenant
Council’s annual budget.
New South Wales • New South Wales focused on:
– informing and educating brand owners on the advantages and benefits
of signing the Covenant and their obligations under the regulation
– following up non-compliant brand owners
– conducting a brand owners’ survey.
• There were 260 Covenant signatories compared to 235 in the last
reporting year.
Victoria • Victoria focused on:
– conducting a brand owners’ survey
– following up non-compliant brand owners
– informing and educating brand owners on the advantages and benefits
of signing the Covenant.
• There were 248 Covenant signatories compared to 160 in the last
reporting year.
Queensland • Queensland focused on:
– undertaking market development initiatives for materials that are
recovered from the kerbside and away-from-home sectors
– applying product stewardship across all government operations
– raising awareness of the NEPM through presentations to industry
associations and meetings with specif ic companies
– implementing projects that support integrated recycling collection and
reprocessing services.
• There were 61 Covenant signatories compared to 48 in the last
reporting year.
Western Australia • Western Australia focused on:
– informing and educating brand owners on the advantages and benefits
of signing the Covenant
– conducting a brand owners’ survey.
• There were 16 Covenant signatories compared to 14 in the last
reporting year.
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
NE
PM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 868
Council evaluation and assessment ofjurisdictional implementation activities
Jurisdictions have made progress towards achieving
the goal of the NEPM.
Jurisdictions continued to contact brand owners to
raise awareness of the National Packaging Covenant.
Retail audits have been undertaken to identify brand
owners who may not be signatories to the Covenant.
Most jurisdictions reported an increase in signatories
to the Covenant. This was due to:
• education of brand owners through direct mailing
• brand owners’ surveys
• more effective enforcement action.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
National Packaging Covenant signatories
By continuing to promote and raise awareness of
the Covenant, jurisdictions have been effective in
encouraging companies to sign-up to the Covenant.
As was intended, the Covenant continues to provide
a more flexible option for potential signatories than
the NEPM. The Covenant also encourages companies
to address environmental impacts of product packaging
and associated activities. The NEPM supports the
Covenant by providing a regulatory safety net and
encouraging non-signatories to sign up to the Covenant.
The increase in signatories indicates that the NEPM
is achieving its goal.
The NEPM contributes to better environmental
outcomes for packaging by encouraging the majority
of brand owners to sign the Covenant, thereby ensuring
that signatories are not disadvantaged by fulf illing
their Covenant obligations.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 69
Jurisdiction Summary of implementation activities
South Australia • South Australia focused on:
– implementing the Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials)
Policy 2007
– informing and educating brand owners on the advantages and benefits
of signing the Covenant
– following up non-compliant brand owners
– conducting a brand owners’ audit.
• There were 46 Covenant signatories compared to 34 in the last
reporting year.
Tasmania • Tasmania focused on:
– conducting a brand owners’ audit
– continuing negotiations with local government on data collection and
their reporting obligations.
• There continues to be 15 Covenant signatories.
Australian Capital Territory • The Australian Capital Territory focused on ensuring that brand owners
have signed the Covenant either directly or under their parent company.
Northern Territory • Northern Territory focused on implementing the 2007 Re-thinking Waste
Disposal Behaviour and Resource Efficiency Interim Action Plan. The
action plan included funding for schools and organisations to conduct
projects and operations to reduce waste.
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S N
EP
M
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
NE
PM
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 870
Kerbside recycling
Local governments have continued to collect data
on the composition of kerbside recycling waste
streams. This is the f irst year of reporting data
in a revised format.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE
NEPM
Clause 17 of the NEPM sets out the information that
jurisdictions are required to report. Information has
been provided by jurisdictions in their individual
reports in Part 5.
PART 5 — REPORTING ON
IMPLEMENTATION BY JURISDICTIONS
The Annexes to this report are in Appendix 6:
Annex 1: Commonwealth 303
Annex 2: New South Wales 304
Annex 3: Victoria 308
Annex 4: Queensland 311
Annex 5: Western Australia 316
Annex 6: South Australia 319
Annex 7: Tasmania 322
Annex 8: Australian Capital Territory 325
Annex 9: Northern Territory. 327
Figure 1: National Packaging Covenant signatories 2001–08
NSW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Nu
mb
er o
f si
gnat
orie
s
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2 0 0 7 – 0 8
N a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t P r o t e c t i o n C o u n c i l
Financial Statements and Appendicies 1–5
Statement by Auditor
INDEPENDENT AUDIT REPORT
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
ST
AT
EM
EN
T B
Y A
UD
ITO
R
72
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
ST
AT
EM
EN
T B
Y A
UD
ITO
R
73
Statement by Executive Officer
In my opinion, the attached f inancial statements for the year ended 30 June 2008 are based on properly
maintained f inancial records and give a true and fair view of the matters required by the Finance Minister’s
Orders made under the Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1997.
In my opinion, at the date of this statement, there are reasonable grounds to believe that the Corporation will
be able to pay its debts as and when they become due and payable.
This statement is made in accordance with a resolution of the executive officer.
Dr B.P. Kennedy
NEPC Executive Officer
16 September 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
ST
AT
EM
EN
T B
Y E
XE
CU
TIV
E O
FF
ICE
R
74
Notes 2008 2007
$ $
INCOME
Revenue
Contributions from state, territory, and federal jurisdictions 2A 1 616 869 1 434 809
Interest revenue 2B 181 149 141 506
Other revenue 2C 11 799 15 290
Total revenue 1 809 817 1 591 605
Gains
In-kind contributions 2A 26 586 58 308
Other gains 2D - 21 480
Total gains 26 586 79 788
TOTAL INCOME 1 836 403 1 671 393
EXPENSES
Employee expenses 4A 732 456 727 305
Supplier expenses 4B 1 386 298 1 029 713
Depreciation and amortisation 4C 29 942 27 606
TOTAL EXPENSES 2 148 696 1 784 624
SURPLUS (DEFICIT) (312 293) (113 231)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
75
Financial Statements
INCOME STATEMENT—FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2008
BALANCE SHEET—AS AT 30 JUNE 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
76
Notes 2008 2007
$ $
ASSETS
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 5A 3 135 765 2 523 005
Trade and other receivables 5B 337 062 1 075 700
Total financial assets 3 472 827 3 598 705
Non-financial assets
Property, plant and equipment 6C 66 262 91 909
Other non-financial assets 6D 73 394 31 413
Total non-financial assets 139 656 123 322
TOTAL ASSETS 3 612 483 3 722 027
LIABILITIES
Payables
Supplier payables 7A 103 318 51 543
Other payables 7B 1 579 730 1 420 886
Total payables 1 683 048 1 472 429
Provisions
Employee provisions 8A 183 528 195 694
Other provisions 8B 23 950 23 950
Total provisions 207 478 219 644
TOTAL LIABILITIES 1 890 526 1 692 073
NET ASSETS 1,721,957 2 029 954
EQUITY
Reserves 20 557 16 261
Retained surplus 1 701 400 2 013 693
TOTAL EQUITY 1 721 957 2 029 954
Current assets 3 546 221 3 630 118
Non-current assets 66 262 91 909
Current liabilities 1 857 556 1 676 737
Non-current liabilities 14 970 15 336
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY—FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
77
Accumulated Surplus Asset Total EquityRevaluation Reserve
2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007$ $ $ $ $ $
Opening balance 2 013 693 2 126 924 16 261 16 261 2 029 954 2 143 185
Income and expenses
recognised directly in equity
Revaluation of plant
and equipment - - 4 296 - 4 286 -
Subtotal income and
expenses recognised directly
to equity - - 4 296 - 4 296 -
(Deficit) for the period (312 293) (113 231) - - (312 293) (113 231)
Total income and expenses (312 293) (113 231) 4 296 - (307 997) (113 231)
Closing balance at 30 June 1 701 400 2 013 693 20 557 16 261 1 721 957 2 029 954
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
78
Notes 2008 2007$ $
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash received
Receipts from state, territory and federal jurisdictions 2 492 874 1 984 430
Interest 142 463 137 501
Other cash received 12 120 14 969
Total cash received 2 647 457 2 136 900
Cash used
Net GST paid to ATO (10 567) (61 863)
Employees (750 036) (682 244)
Suppliers (1 274 094) (1 055 357)
Total cash used (2 034 697) (1 799 464)
Net cash from or (used by) operating activities 9A 612 760 337 436
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Cash used
Purchase of property, plant and equipment - (25 695)
Total cash used - (25 695)
Net cash from or (used by) investing activities - (25 695)
Net increase or (decrease) in cash held 612 760 311 741
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the
reporting period 2 523 005 2 211 264
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the
reporting period 5A 3 135 765 2 523 005
CASH FLOW—AS AT 30 JUNE 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
79
SCHEDULE OF COMMITMENTS—AS AT 30 JUNE 2008
2008 2007$ $
BY TYPE
Commitments receivable
GST recoverable on commitments (42 023) (53 121)
Total commitments receivable (42 023) (53 121)
Other commitments payable
Operating leases[1] 462 253 584 330
Total other commitments 462 253 584 330
Net commitments by type 420 230 531 209
BY MATURITY
GST recoverable on commitments
One year or less (11 283) (11 098)
From one to f ive years (30 740) (42 023)
Total GST recoverable on commitments (42 023) (53 121)
Operating lease commitments
One year or less 124 113 122 078
From one to f ive years 338 139 462 252
Total operating lease commitments 462 252 584 330
Net commitments by maturity 420 229 531 209
NB: Commitments are GST inclusive where relevant.
[1] Operating leases included are effectively non-cancellable and comprise:
Leases for office accommodation.
Lease payments are subject to periodic increases as set out in the lease schedule. The current lease term
is f ive years.
SCHEDULE OF CONTINGENCIES—AS AT 30 JUNE 2008
Consistent with the previous f inancial year, there were nil contingent assets or liabilities at or during the year
ended 30 June 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
80
NOTES TO AND FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—FOR THE YEAR
ENDED 30 JUNE 2008
Note 1: Summary of Signif icant Accounting Policies
Note 2: Revenues
Note 3: Expenses by Project
Note 4: Expenses
Note 5: Financial Assets
Note 6: Non-Financial Assets
Note 7: Payables
Note 8: Provisions
Note 9: Cash Flow Reconciliation
Note 10: Financial Instruments
Note 11: Related Party Disclosure
Note 12: Remuneration of Executive Officer
Note 13: Remuneration of Auditors
Note 14: Average Staff ing Levels
Note 15: 2008–09 Budget
1 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1.1 Basis of preparation of the financial statements
The f inancial statements are required by clause 1(b) of Schedule 1 to the Commonwealth Authorities and
Companies Act 1997 and are a general-purpose f inancial report.
The National Environment Protection Corporation Service Corporation (‘Service Corporation’) operates under
the provisions of the National Environment Protection Council Act and the Intergovernmental Agreement on
the Environment. The operations of the Service Corporation are funded by contributions from the Commonwealth,
State and Territory governments, which are parties to the Agreement.
The continued existence of the Service Corporation in its present form and with its present programs is
dependent on Government policy and on continuing appropriations by Parliament for the Service Corporation’s
administration and programs.
The Financial Statements and notes have been prepared in accordance with:
• Finance Minister’s Orders (or FMOs) for reporting periods ending on or after 1 July 2007; and
• Australian Accounting Standards and Interpretations issued by the Australian Accounting Standards Board
(‘AASB’) that apply for the reporting period.
The financial report has been prepared on an accrual basis and is in accordance with historical cost convention,
except for certain assets at fair value. Except where stated, no allowance is made for the effect of changing
prices on the results or the f inancial position.
The Financial Report is presented in Australian dollars and values are rounded to the nearest dollar unless
otherwise specif ied.
Unless an alternative treatment is specif ically required by an Accounting Standard or the FMOs, assets and
liabilities are recognised in the Balance Sheet when and only when it is probable that future economic benefits
will flow to the Entity and the amounts of the assets or liabilities can be reliably measured. However, assets
and liabilities arising under agreements equally proportionately unperformed are not recognised unless required
by an Accounting Standard.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
81
Unless alternative treatment is specif ically required by an accounting standard, revenues and expenses are
recognised in the Income Statement when and only when the flow, consumption or loss of economic benefits
has occurred and can be reliably measured.
1.2 Significant accounting judgements and estimates
In the process of applying the accounting policies listed in this note, the Service Corporation has made the
following judgements that have the most significant impact on the amounts recorded in the financial statements:
• The fair value of plant and equipment has been taken to be the market value of similar properties as
determined by an independent valuer.
No accounting assumptions or estimates have been identif ied that have a signif icant risk of causing a material
adjustment to carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next accounting period.
1.3 Statement of compliance
Australian Accounting Standards require a statement of compliance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRSs) to be made where the f inancial report complies with these standards. Some Australian
equivalents to IFRSs and other Australian Accounting Standards contain requirements specif ic to not-for-
profit entities that are inconsistent with IFRS requirements. The Service Corporation is a not for profit entity
and has applied these requirements, so while this f inancial report complies with Australian Accounting
Standards it cannot make this statement.
Adoption of new Australian Accounting Standard requirements
No accounting standard has been adopted earlier than the application date as stated in the standard.
Financial instrument disclosure
AASB 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures is effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January
2007 (the 2007–08 financial year) and amends the disclosure requirements for financial instruments. In general
AASB 7 requires greater disclosure than that previously required. Associated with the introduction of AASB 7
a number of accounting standards were amended to reference the new standard or remove the present disclosure
requirements through 2005–10 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards [AASB 132, AASB 101,
AASB 114, AASB 117, AASB 133, AASB 139, AASB 1, AASB 4, AASB 1023 and AASB 1038]. These changes
have no f inancial impact but will effect the disclosure presented in future f inancial reports.
The following new standards, amendments to standards or interpretations for the current f inancial year have
no material f inancial impact on the Service Corporation.
Amendments:
• 2007–4 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards arising from ED 151 and Other Amendments and
Erratum: Proportionate Consolidation
• 2007–7 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards
Interpretations:
UIG Interpretation 11 AASB 2—Group and Treasury Share Transactions and 2007–1 Amendments to Australian
Accounting Standards arising from AASB Interpretation 11
Future Australian Accounting Standard requirements
The following new standards, amendments to standards or interpretations have been issued by the Australian
Accounting Standards Board but are effective for future reporting periods. It is estimated that the impact of
adopting these pronouncements when effective will have no material financial impact on future reporting periods.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
82
• AASB Interpretation 12 Service Concession Arrangements and 2007–2 Amendments to Australian
Accounting Standards arising from AASB Interpretation 12
• AASB 8 Operating Segments and 2007–3 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards arising from AASB 8
• 2007–6 Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards arising from AASB 123
• AASB Interpretation 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes
• AASB Interpretation 14 AASB 119—The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements
and their Interaction
Other
The following standards and interpretations have been issued but are not applicable to the operations of the
Service Corporation.
• AASB 1049 Financial Reporting of General Government Sectors by Governments
AASB 1049 specif ies the reporting requirements for the General Government Sector. The FMOs do not refer
to this standard as it contains guidance applicable to the consolidated f inancial statements of the Australian
Government rather than the f inancial reports for the individual Agencies and Authorities.
1.4 Revenue
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when:
• the risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer;
• the seller retains no managerial involvement nor effective control over the goods;
• the revenue and transaction costs incurred can be reliably measured; and
• it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Entity.
Revenue from rendering of services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of contracts at the
reporting date. The revenue is recognised when:
• the amount of revenue, stage of completion and transaction costs incurred can be reliably measured; and
• the probable economic benefits with the transaction will flow to the Entity.
The stage of completion of contracts at the reporting date is determined by reference to the proportion that
costs incurred to date bear to the estimated total costs of the transaction.
Receivables for goods and services, which have 30 day terms, are recognised at the nominal amounts due less
any provision for bad and doubtful debts. Collectability of debts is reviewed at balance date. Provisions are
made when collectability of the debt is no longer probable.
Interest revenue is recognised using the effective interest method as set out in AASB 139 Financial Instruments:
Recognition and Measurement.
Resources received free of charge
Resources received free of charge are recognised as gains when and only when a fair value can be reliably
determined and the services would have been purchased if they had not been donated. Use of those resources
is recognised as an expense.
Resources received free of charge are recorded as either revenue or gains depending on their nature i.e.
whether they have been generated in the course of the ordinary activities of the Service Corporation.
Revenues from government
Amounts appropriated for Departmental outputs contributions for the year (adjusted for any formal additions
and reductions) are recognised as revenue, except for certain amounts that relate to activities that are reciprocal
in nature, in which case revenue is recognised only when it has been earned.
Contributions receivable are recognised at their nominal amounts.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
83
1.5 Gains
Other resources received free of charge
Resources received free of charge are recognised as gains when and only when a fair value can be reliably
determined and the services would have been purchased if they had not been donated. Use of those resources
is recognised as an expense.
Contributions of assets at no cost of acquisition or for nominal consideration are recognised as gains at their
fair value when the asset qualif ies for recognition, unless received from another Government Authority or
Authority as a consequence of a restructuring of administrative arrangements.
Resources received free of charge are recorded as either revenue or gains depending on their nature.
Sale of assets
Gains from disposal of non-current assets is recognised when control of the asset has passed to the buyer.
1.6 Employee benefits
Liabilities for services rendered by employees are recognised at the reporting date to the extent that they have
not been settled.
Liabilities for ‘short-term employee benefits’ (as defined in AASB 119) and termination benefits due within
twelve months of balance date are measured at their nominal amounts.
The nominal amount is calculated with regard to the rates expected to be paid on settlement of the liability.
All other employee benefit liabilities are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows
to be made in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.
Leave
The liability for employee benefits includes provision for annual leave and long service leave. No provision
has been made for sick leave as all sick leave is non-vesting and the average sick leave taken in future years
by employees of the Service Corporation is estimated to be less than the annual entitlement for sick leave.
The leave liabilities are calculated on the basis of employees’ remuneration, including the Service Corporation’s
employer superannuation contribution rates to the extent that the leave is likely to be taken during service
rather than paid out on termination.
The estimate of the present value of the long service leave liability takes into account attrition rates and pay
increases through promotion and inflation.
Separation and redundancy
Provision is made for separation and redundancy benefit payments. The Service Corporation recognises a
provision for termination when it has developed a detailed formal plan for the terminations and has informed
those employees affected that it will carry out the terminations.
Superannuation
Certain employees of the Service Corporation are members of the Public Sector Superannuation Scheme. The
liability for their superannuation benefits is recognised in the financial statements of the Australian Government
and is settled by the Australian Government in due course.
The Service Corporation makes employer contributions to the Australian Government at rates determined
by the actuary to be sufficient to meet the cost of the Government of the superannuation entitlements of the
Service Corporation’s employees.
The Service Corporation also contributed to various complying superannuation schemes for the other employees.
The liability for superannuation recognised as at 30 June represents outstanding contributions for the f inal
fortnight of the year.
Employees have the option of choosing a fund providing it is a ‘complying superannuation fund’ within the
meaning of Part IX of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth). The contributions are based on percentage
of salary. The range of these percentages has been approved by the Commission in consultation with the
Federal Department of Workplace Relations and Small Business.
Contributions in accordance with the Superannuation (Productivity Benefit) Act 1988 (Cth) are made to the
Australian Government Employees Superannuation Trust under which members are entitled to benefits on
retirement, resignation, death or disability.
The amount of superannuation contributions totalled $68 410 for the year ended 30 June 2008 ($65 244 in 2007).
1.7 Leases
A distinction is made between f inance leases and operating leases. Finance leases effectively transfer from the
lessor to the lessee substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of leased non-current assets.
An operating lease is a lease that is not a f inance lease. In operating leases, the lessor effectively retains
substantially all such risks and benefits.
Operating lease payments are expensed on a straight-line basis that is representative of the pattern of benefits
derived from the leased assets.
1.8 Cash
Cash and cash equivalents includes notes and coins held and any deposits in bank accounts with an original
maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and subject to
insignif icant risk of changes in value. Cash is recognised at its nominal amount.
1.9 Financial assets
NEPC Service Corporation classif ies its f inancial assets in the following categories:
• f inancial assets as ‘at fair value through profit or loss’
• ‘held-to-maturity investments’,
• ‘available-for-sale’ f inancial assets, and
• ‘loans and receivables’.
The classif ication depends on the nature and purpose of the f inancial assets and is determined at the time
of initial recognition.
Financial assets are recognised and derecognised upon ‘trade date’.
Effective interest method
The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset and of allocating
interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated
future cash receipts through the expected life of the f inancial asset, or, where appropriate, a shorter period.
Income is recognised on an effective interest rate basis except for f inancial assets ‘at fair value through profit
or loss’.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Financial assets are classif ied as f inancial assets at fair value through profit or loss where the f inancial asset:
• has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling in the near future;
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
84
• is a part of an identif ied portfolio of f inancial instruments that the Service Corporation manages together
and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or
• is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.
Assets in this category are classif ied as current assets.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any resultant gain or loss
recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates any interest earned
on the f inancial asset.
Held-to-maturity investments
Non-derivative f inancial assets with f ixed or determinable payments and f ixed maturity dates that the group
has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classif ied as held-to-maturity investments. Held-to-
maturity investments are recorded at amortised cost using the effective interest method less impairment, with
revenue recognised on an effective yield basis.
Loans and receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables that have f ixed or determinable payments that are not quoted
in an active market are classif ied as ‘loans and receivables’. They are included in current assets, except for
maturities greater than 12 months after the balance sheet date. These are classif ied as non-current assets.
Loans and receivables are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method less impairment.
Interest is recognised by applying the effective interest rate.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets are assessed for impairment at each balance date.
• Financial assets held at amortised cost—if there is objective evidence that an impairment loss has been
incurred for loans and receivables or held to maturity investments held at amortised cost, the amount of the
loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated
future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The carrying amount is reduced
by way of an allowance account. The loss is recognised in the Income Statement.
1.10 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are classif ied as either f inancial liabilities ‘at fair value through profit or loss’ or other
financial liabilities.
Financial liabilities are recognised and derecognised upon ‘trade date’.
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are initially measured at fair value. Subsequent fair
value adjustments are recognised in profit or loss. The net gain or loss recognised in profit or loss incorporates
any interest paid on the f inancial liability.
Supplier and other payables
Supplier and other payables are recognised at amortised cost. Liabilities are recognised to the extent that the
goods or services have been received (and irrespective of having been invoiced).
1.11 Contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets are not recognised in the Balance Sheet but are reported in the
relevant schedules and notes. They may arise from uncertainty as to the existence of a liability or asset, or
represent an existing liability or asset in respect of which settlement is not probable or the amount cannot
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
85
be reliably measured. Contingent assets are reported when settlement is probable, and contingent liabilities
are recognised when settlement is greater than remote.
1.12 Acquisition of assets
Assets are recorded at cost on acquisition except as stated below. The cost of acquisition includes the fair
value of assets transferred in exchange and liabilities undertaken. Financial assets are initially measured
at their fair value plus transaction costs where appropriate.
Assets acquired at no cost, or for nominal consideration, are initially recognised as assets and revenues at
their fair value at the date of acquisition, unless acquired as a consequence of restructuring of administrative
arrangements. In the latter case, assets are initially recognised as contributions by owners at the amounts
at which they were recognised in the transferor Authority’s accounts immediately prior to the restructuring.
1.13 Property, plant and equipment
Asset recognition threshold
Purchases of property, plant and equipment are recognised initially at cost in the Statement of Financial
Position, except for purchases costing less than $3000, which are expensed in the year of acquisition (other
than where they form part of a group of similar items which are signif icant in total).
The initial cost of an asset includes an estimate of the cost of dismantling and removing the item and restoring
the site on which it is located. This is particularly relevant to ‘make-good’ provisions in property leases taken
up by the Service Corporation where there exists an obligation to restore the property to its original condition.
These costs are included in the value of Service Corporation’s leasehold improvements with a corresponding
provision for the ‘make-good’ recognised.
Revaluations
Fair values for each class of asset are determined as shown below.
Following initial recognition at cost, property plant and equipment are carried at fair value less accumulated
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Valuations are conducted with sufficient frequency to ensure
that the carrying amounts of assets do not differ materially from the assets’ fair values as at the reporting date.
The regularity of independent valuations depends upon the volatility of movements in market values for the
relevant assets. The next such valuation is scheduled for 30 June 2011.
Revaluation adjustments are made on a class basis. Any revaluation increment is credited to equity under the
heading of asset revaluation reserve except to the extent that it reverses a previous revaluation decrement
of the same asset class that was previously recognised through surplus and deficit. Revaluation decrements
for a class of assets are recognised directly through surplus and deficit except to the extent that they reverse
a previous revaluation increment for that class.
Any accumulated depreciation as at the revaluation date is eliminated against the gross carrying amount
of the asset and the asset restated to the revalued amount.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
86
Asset Class: Fair value measured at:
Leasehold improvements Depreciated replacement cost
Office furniture and equipment Market selling price
Depreciation
Depreciable property plant and equipment assets are written-off to their estimated residual values over their
estimated useful lives to the Service Corporation using, in all cases, the straight-line method of depreciation.
Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the estimated useful life
of the improvements or the unexpired period of the lease.
Depreciation rates (useful lives) and methods are reviewed at each reporting date and necessary adjustments
are recognised in the current, or current and future reporting periods, as appropriate. Residual values are
re-estimated for a change in prices only when assets are revalued.
Depreciation rates applying to each class of depreciable asset are based on the following useful lives:
Impairment
All assets were assessed for impairment at 30 June 2008. Where indications of impairment exist, the asset’s
recoverable amount is estimated and an impairment adjustment made if the asset’s recoverable amount is less
than its carrying amount.
The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. Value
in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the asset. Where the future
economic benefit of an asset is not primarily dependent on the asset’s ability to generate future cash flows,
and the asset would be replaced if the Service Corporation were deprived of the asset, its value in use is taken
to be its depreciated replacement cost.
1.14 Taxation
The Service Corporation is exempt from all forms of taxation except fringe benefits tax (FBT) and the goods
and services tax (GST).
Revenues, expenses and assets are recognised net of GST:
• except where the amount of GST incurred is not recoverable from the Australian Taxation Office; and
• except for receivables and payables.
1.15 In-kind contributions
Each jurisdiction has the option to contribute a portion of its National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM)
budget as an in-kind contribution. This is in the form of the provision of a NEPM project team member for the
NEPC Service Corporation. The amount is calculated per an agreed formula using the median point of the
Commonwealth Executive Level salary range plus 15% on costs, which amounts to $362 per person per day
($362 in 2007). The income and associated expense are recognised when incurred.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
87
2008 2007
Office furniture and equipment 3–8 years 3–8 years
Leasehold improvements Lease term Lease term
2 REVENUES
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
88
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Interest 181 149 141 506
181 149 141 506
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Other revenue 11 799 15 290
11 799 15 290
2B—Interest revenue
2C—Other revenue
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Reversal of make-good provision - 21 480
- 21 480
2D—Other gains
2008 2007
Approp- Approp-riations In-kind Total riations In-kind Total
Commonwealth 952 525 (2 860) 949 665 735 244 9 632 744 876
New South Wales 249 766 858 250 624 208 229 8 600 216 829
Victoria 158 155 8 688 166 843 152 912 9 288 162 200
Queensland 117 329 3 972 121 301 116 727 6 192 122 919
Western Australia 59 098 6 878 65 976 141 925 2 064 143 989
South Australia 44 032 8 326 52 358 48 693 12 728 61 421
Tasmania 20 050 - 20 050 14 802 9 804 24 606
Northern Territory 6 143 724 6 867 6 173 - 6 173
Australian Capital Territory 9 771 - 9 771 10 104 - 10 104
Total Contributions 1 616 869 26 586 1 643 455 1 434 809 58 308 1 493 117
2A—Contributions from state, territory and federal jurisdictions
Under the National Environment Protection Council Act, the National Environment Protection Council approves
levels of contributions for each jurisdiction.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
89
3 EXPENSES BY PROJECT
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Core Operating 1 008 644
Ambient Air Quality NEPM—Peer Review Committee 1 502 1 403
Ambient Air Quality NEPM—Review 42 279 35 552
Air Quality Working Group 1 424 1 617
Air Toxics—Monitoring Equivalency Group 205 332
Diesel Vehicle Emissions 326 11 274
Mortality and Morbidity Study - 2 757
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM Variation 37 566 85 800
Air Quality Standard Setting EPHC 6 261 176
National Packaging Covenant Regulatory Impact Statement II 1 -
National Packaging Covenant Complementary Economic
Mechanisms Investigation 104 676 -
National Packaging Covenant Complementary Economic
Mechanisms Investigation Peer Review 27 000 -
National Packaging Covenant Complementary Review 30 -
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM Variation 2005 15 675 105 968
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM Variation 2008 3 717 -
Tyres NEPM Development 138 963 60 990
Waste Tyres - 36
Industrial Residue Phase 2 31 989 -
Electronic Scrap - 36
Beverage Container Working Group - 36
EPHC Waste Working Group 826 870
Plastic Bag Finalisation of Regulatory Impact Statement 86 819 11 269
Biodegradable Plastic Bags 74 -
RIS Lightweight Plastic Bags - -
Water Sensitive Urban Development - (414)
Australian Children’s Health and Air Pollution Study 2 647 138 533
PM2.5 Equivalence Program Working Group 9 963 221
National Wind Farm Code Working Group 1 239 -
National Water Initiatives Development of National Guidelines 20 760 -
Water Recycling Guidelines Phase 1 (29 298) 36 455
Water Recycling Guidelines Phase 2 493 619 65 286
Commonwealth NHT Contribution to Phase 1 Water
Recycling Guidelines 48 474 88 506
NChEM 3 439 15 564
NEPC Act Review 2006 30 93 479
EPHC Priority Project—Plastic Bags 2 181 36
EPHC Priority Projects—Chemicals 60 20 389
EPHC Priority Projects—Chemicals Working Group 3 396 (155)
Total expenses 2 148 696 1 784 624
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
90
4 EXPENSES
4A—Employee expenses
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Wages and salaries 662 707 633 107
Superannuation 65 464 62 030
Leave and other entitlements 4 285 32 167
Total employee expenses 727 305
5 FINANCIAL ASSETS
5A—Cash and cash equivalents
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Cash at bank and on hand 311 531 623 005
Term deposits 2 824 234 1 900 000
3 135 765 2 523 005
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Goods from external entities 107 997 95 685
Services from related entities 26 143 58 308
Services from external entities 1 138 400 778 104
Operating lease rentals 113 758 97 616
Total supplier expenses 1 386 298 1 029 713
4B—Supplier expenses
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Depreciation of off ice furniture and equipment 24 957 22 004
Amortisation on leasehold improvements 4 985 5 602
Total depreciation and amortisation 29 942 27 606
4C—Depreciation and amortisation
Cash at bank is at call and recognised at its nominal amount. Interest is credited to revenue as it accrues.
There are no interest rates applicable to the f inancial assets and liabilities of the Service Corporation other
than cash and term deposits. Cash receives interest on the balance at a variable rate. As at 30 June 2008 the
applicable rate was 5.25% (3.30% in 2007).
Term deposits are recognised at cost. Interest is accrued as it is earned. The term deposits will mature between
4 August 2008 and 12 January 2009. The effective rate of interest is 7.70% on $2 824 234 (6.35% on $1 900 000
in 2007).
These receivables are recognised at the nominal amounts due, less any provision for bad and doubtful debts.
Provisions are made when the collection of debts are judged to be less rather than more likely to be collected.
Management does not consider a provision for doubtful debts necessary as at balance date. Credit terms are
net 30 days.
6 NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS
6A—Analysis of leasehold improvements
Reconciliation of the opening and closing balance of leasehold improvements:
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
91
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Other receivables 323 627 1 063 150
GST receivable from the Australian Taxation Office 13 435 12 550
Total receivables 337 062 1 075 700
All receivables are current assets.
Management have assessed receivables for impairment and consider no allowance for doubtful debts necessary
for the year ended 30 June 2008.
5B—Receivables
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Receivables are aged as follows:
Not overdue 13 435 12 550
Overdue by:
Less than 30 days 62 316 248 262
30 to 60 days 260 069 808 750
60 to 90 days 521 12 779
More than 90 days 721 (6 641)
323 627 1 063 150
Total receivables 337 062 1 075 700
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
As at 1 July—fair value 28 750 26 280
Accumulated depreciation/amortisation (6 768) (22 646)
Opening net book value 21 982 3 634
Additions - 23 950
Revaluation and impairments through equity 5 455 -
Amortisation expense (4 985) (5 602)
Disposals - (21 480)
Accumulated depreciation adjustment for disposal - 21 480
As at 30 June 22 452 21 982
Gross book value 23 274 28 750
Less: Accumulated depreciation (823) (6 768)
Closing net book value 22 451 21 982
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
92
6B—Analysis of office furniture and equipment
Reconciliation of the opening and closing balance of off ice furniture and equipment:
6C—Property, plant and equipment
No indicators of impairment were found for leasehold improvements or property, plant and equipment.
All revaluations are independent and are conducted in accordance with the revaluation policy stated at Note 1.
Revaluations were last conducted at 30 June 2008 by an independent valuer A.J. Robertson (AAPI [P&M],
Certif ied Practicing Valuer, MSAA Master).
A revaluation increment of $5455 for leasehold improvements (2007: nil) and decrement of $1159 for off ice
furniture and equipment (2007: nil) were allocated to the asset revaluation reserve by asset class and included
in the equity section of the Balance Sheet.
6D—Other non-financial assets
All other non-financial assets are current assets.
No indicators of impairment were found for other non-financial assets.
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
As at 1 July—fair value 112 109 86 413
Accumulated depreciation/amortisation (42 182) (20 178)
Opening net book value 69 927 66 235
Additions—by purchase - 25 696
Revaluation and impairments through equity (1 159) -
Depreciation expense (24 957) (22 004)
As at 30 June 43 811 69 927
Gross book value 45 000 112 109
Less: Accumulated depreciation (1 189) (42 182)
Closing net book value 43 811 69 927
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Leasehold improvements—fair value 23 274 28 750
Accumulated amortisation (823) (6 768)
Total leasehold improvements 22 451 21 982
Office furniture and equipment—fair value 45 000 112 109
Accumulated depreciation (1 189) 42 182)
Total office furniture and equipment 43 811 69 927
Total property, plant and equipment 66 262 91 909
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Prepayments 19 887 16 592
Accrued income 53 507 14 821
Total other non-financial assets 73 394 31 413
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
93
7 PAYABLES
7A—Supplier payables
All supplier payables are current.
Creditors and accruals are recognised at their nominal amounts, being the amounts at which the liabilities will
be settled. Settlement varies with the creditors’ terms, which are between 7–30 days.
7B—Other payables
All other payables are current.
8 PROVISIONS
8A—Employee provisions
The classif ication of current includes amounts for which there is not an unconditional right to defer settlement
by one year, hence in the case of employee provisions the above classif ication does not represent the amount
expected to be settled within one year of reporting date. Employee provisions expected to be settled in one
year are $69 598 (2007: $79 803) and in excess of one year are $113 930 (2007: $115 891)
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Prepaid contributions 1 536 202 1 367 675
GST payable 43 528 53 211
Total other payables 1 579 730 1 420 886
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Accrued salaries and wages 61 105 70 257
Annual leave 8 493 9 546
Long service leave 113 930 115 891
Aggregate employee benefit liability and related on costs 183 528 195 694
Employee provisions are represented by:
Current 168 558 180 358
Non-current 14 970 15 336
Total employee provisions 183 528 195 694
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Trade creditors 74 293 27 332
Accrued expenses 29 025 24 211
Total supplier payables 103 318 51 543
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
94
8B—Other provisions
The Service Corporation currently has an agreement for the leasing of premises which have provisions
requiring the Service Corporation to restore the premises to their original condition at the conclusion of the
lease. The Service Corporation has made a provision to reflect the present value of this obligation.
9 CASH FLOW RECONCILIATION
9A—Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalent as per balance sheet to cash flow statement
9B—Reconciliation of operating surplus to net cash from operating activities
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Operating surplus/(deficit) (312 293) (113 231)
Non-cash items
Depreciation and amortisation expense 29 942 27 606
Gain on reversal of make-good provision - (21 480)
Changes in assets and liabilities
(Increase)/decrease in receivables 739 520 63 341
(Increase)/decrease in other non-financial assets (42 864) (6 357)
Increase/(decrease) in employee provisions (17 580) 39 647
Increase/(decrease) in suppler payables 47 508 (17 877)
Increase/(decrease) in other payables 168 527 365 787
Net cash provided from/(used by) operating activities 612 760 337 436
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Make-good provision 23 950 23 950
23 950 23 950
Carrying amount at 1 July 23 950 21 480
Additional provisions made - 23 950
Amounts reversed - (21 480)
Closing balance at 30 June 23 950 23 950
30 June 2008 30 June 2007Report cash and cash equivalents as per: $ $
Cash flow statement 3 135 765 2 523 006
Balance sheet 3 135 765 2 523 006
Difference - -
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
95
10 FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
10A—Categories of financial instruments
10B—Net income and expense from financial assets
10C—Net income and expense from financial liabilities
There were nil income/expenses from financial liabilities.
10D—Fair values of financial instruments
All carrying amounts are reasonably approximate to fair value, and as such no separate disclosure is shown
in the f inancial statements for fair value.
10E—Credit risk exposures
The Service Corporation is exposed to minimal credit risk as the majority of loans and receivables are cash,
appropriation made under law (which guarantees f ixed amounts of funding that the entity can drawdown as
required) or amounts owed by the Australian Taxation Office in the form of a Goods and Services Tax refund.
The Service Corporation’s maximum exposures to credit risk is the risk that arises from potential default of
a debtor. This amount is equal to the total amount of trade receivables (2008: $337 062 and 2007: $1 075 700).
The Service Corporation has assessed the risk of the default on payment and has decided not to allocate an
allowance for doubtful debts (2007: nil). Receivable balances are monitored on an on-going basis with the
result that the Service Corporation’s exposure to bad debts is not signif icant.
The Service Corporation has no signif icant exposures to any concentrations of credit risk.
The Service Corporation holds no collateral to mitigate against credit risk.
30 June 2008 30 June 2007Financial assets $ $
Loans and receivables financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents 3 135 765 2 523 006
Receivable for goods and services 337 062 1 075 700
Carrying amount of financial assets 3 472 827 3 598 706
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Suppliers 103 318 51 543
Other payables 1 579 730 1 420 886
Carrying amount of financial liabilities 1 683 048 1 472 429
30 June 2008 30 June 2007Loans and receivables $ $
Interest revenue 181 149 141 506
Net gain/(loss) loans and receivables 181 149 141 506
Net gain/(loss) from financial assets 181 149 141 506
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
96
10F—Liquidity risk
The Services Corporation’s financial liabilities consist mainly of payables to suppliers. The exposure to liquidity
risk is based on the notion that the Service Corporation will encounter diff iculty in meeting its obligations
associated with f inancial liabilities. This is highly unlikely due to appropriation funding and mechanisms
available to the Entity.
The following table illustrates the maturities for f inancial liabilities:
The Service Corporation is appropriated funding from the Australian Government. The Service Corporation
manages its budgeted funds to ensure it has adequate funds to meet payments as they fall due. In addition, the
Service Corporation has policies in place to ensure timely payment is made when due and has no past
experience of default.
10G—Market risk
The Service Corporation holds basic f inancial instruments that do not expose it to signif icant market risks.
The Service Corporation is not exposed to ‘currency risk’ or ‘other price risk’.
30 June 2008 30 June 2007$ $
Not past due nor impaired
Receivable for goods and services 62 316 248 262
Total 62 316 248 262
Past due or impaired
Receivables for goods and services 261 313 814 888
Total 261 313 814 888
Aging of financial assets that are past due but not impaired
Outstanding:
31 to 60 days 260 069 808 750
61 to 90 days 521 12 779
90+ days 723 (6 641)
Total 261 313 814 888
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008$ $ $ $ $
Suppliers - 103 318 - - 103 318
Other payables - 1 579 730 1 579 730
Total - 1 683 048 - - 1 683 048
2007 2007 2007 2007 2007$ $ $ $ $
Suppliers - 51 543 - - 51 543
Other payables - 1 420 886 1 420 886
Total - 1 472 429 - - 1 472 429
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
97
11 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURE
Members of the National Environment Protection Council
The Council Members during the year were:
The Hon. Malcolm Turnbull MP, Commonwealth (Chairperson, ceased 3 December 2007)
The Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Commonwealth (Chairperson, commenced 28 January 2008)
The Hon. Phil Koperberg MP, New South Wales (ceased 4 April 2008)
The Hon. Verity Firth MP, New South Wales (commenced 4 April 2008)
The Hon. John Thwaites MP, Victoria (ceased 27 July 2007)
The Hon. Gavin Jennings MP, Victoria (commenced 18 February 2008)
The Hon. Lindy Nelson-Carr MP, Queensland (ceased 13 September 2007)
The Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Queensland (commenced 6 November 2007)
The Hon. David Templeman MLA, Western Australia
The Hon. Gail Gago MLC, South Australia
The Hon. Paula Wriedt MHA, Tasmania (ceased 9 April 2008)
The Hon. Michelle O’Byrne MHA, Tasmania (commenced 9 April 2008)
Mr Jon Stanhope MLA, Australian Capital Territory
Ms Marion Scrymgour MLA, NT (ceased 12 August 2007)
The Hon. Delia Lawrie MLA, NT (commenced 12 August 2007; ceased 4 January 2008)
The Hon. Len Kiely MLA, NT (commenced 4 January 2008)
The Council Members received no remuneration from the NEPC Service Corporation.
There were no related party transactions during the year.
12 REMUNERATION OF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
The remuneration of the Executive Officer was within the income band $175 000–$189 999 ($160 000–$174 999
in 2007).
The aggregate amount of total remuneration of off icers shown above: $179 100 ($170 350 in 2007).
The above f igure includes performance based bonus payments for the period July 2007 to June 2008.
Superannuation is provided for the Executive Officer in accordance with the Government Employees
Superannuation Act 1984 (Western Australia). The amount of superannuation contributions totalled $10 718
($9700 in 2007).
13 REMUNERATION OF AUDITORS
Due to a change in accounting policy, no amount was recognised in the f inancial statements of the Service
Corporation for 2006–07. No other services are provided by the Auditor-General.
30 June 2008 30 June 2007
Remuneration to the Auditor-General for auditing the f inancial
statements for the reporting period 14 500 Nil
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
FIN
AN
CIA
L S
TA
TE
ME
NT
S
98
14 AVERAGE STAFFING LEVELS
15 2008–09 BUDGET
The National Environment Protection Council has approved the interim budget for the Service Corporation
2008–09 of $1 060 856 ($1 039 913 in 2007–08).
30 June 2008 30 June 2007
The average staff ing levels for the Service Corporation during the
year were (FTE): 7.6 7.6
Appendix 1: NEPC Committee —Membership
MEMBER
Commonwealth
Mr David Borthwick
Secretary
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts
New South Wales
Ms Lisa Corbyn
Director-General
Department of Environment and Climate Change
Victoria
Mr Mick Bourke
Chairman
Environment Protection Authority
Queensland
Mr Terry Wall
Director–General
Environmental Protection Agency
Western Australia
Mr Keiran McNamara
Director General
Department of Environment and Conservation
South Australia
Dr Paul Vogel
Chief Executive
Environment Protection Authority
Mr Allan Holmes
A/Chief Executive
Environment Protection Authority
ALTERNATE
Ms Anthea Tinney
Deputy Secretary
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts
Mr Gerard Early
Deputy Secretary
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts
Ms Sally Barnes
Executive Director
Office of Director-General
Department of Environment and Climate Change
Mr Tim Rogers
Executive Director
Department of Environment and Climate Change
Mr Chris Bell
Director
Water and National Relations
Environment Protection Authority
Mr Wayne Robins
Director
Resource and Regulatory Efficiency
Environment Protection Authority
Mr Tony Roberts
Executive Director
Strategy and Policy Division
Environment Protection Agency
Dr Ray Wallis
A/Director
Strategic Policy
Department of Environment and Conservation
Ms Susan Churchman
Director, Policy, Planning and Communications
Environment Protection Authority
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 1
:N
EP
C C
OM
MIT
TE
E —
ME
MB
ER
SH
IP
99
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 1
:N
EP
C C
OM
MIT
TE
E —
ME
MB
ER
SH
IP
100
MEMBER
Tasmania
Mr Warren Jones
General Manager
Environment Division
Department of Environment, Parks, Heritage and
the Arts
Australian Capital Territory
Mr Robert Neil
A/Director
Environment Protection and Heritage
Environment and Recreation
Department for Territory and Municipal Services
Mr Hamish McNulty
Executive Director
Environment and Recreation
Department for Territory and Municipal Services
Northern Territory
Dr David Ritchie
Chief Executive
Department of Natural Resources, Environment and
the Arts
Mr Jim Grant
Chief Executive
Department of Natural Resources, Environment and
the Arts
NEPC Service Corporation
Dr Bruce Kennedy
Executive Officer
Observer
Mr John Pritchard
National Policy Coordinator
Australian Local Government Association
ALTERNATE
Mr Robert Neil
A/Director
Environment Protection and Heritage
Environment and Recreation
Department for Territory and Municipal Services
Ms Lyn Allen
Executive Director
Environment and Heritage
Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment
Appendix 2: Project Teams and Working Groups — Membership
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
101
Membership of project teams and working groups supported by the NEPC Service Corporation.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COUNCIL
Ambient Air Quality NEPM — Review
Chair
Mr Chris Bell/Mr Wayne Robins Victoria
Review Team
Dr Lyn Denison Victoria
Mr Drew Farrar Western Australia
Mr Bob Hyde Tasmania
Mr Robin Seeley Commonwealth
Dr Vicky Sheppeard/ NSW Health
Ms Vikki Lynch Department of Health Victoria
Mr Kelvyn Steer South Australia
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM — Variation
Chair
Mr Keiran McNamara Western Australia
Variation Team
Ms Janet McMillan Western Australia
Mr Jack Dempsey Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
Mr Mike Fanning South Australia
Dr Paul Moritz/Mr Chris McAuley Victoria
Mr Greg O’Brien Queensland
Mr Elvin Wong New South Wales
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
Jurisdictional Reference Network
Ms Kim Barry Queensland
Dr Sara Broomhall Commonwealth
Ms Liz Canning Tasmania
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
102
Ms Kerry Laszig Western Australia
Mr Matthew Hart/Mr Elvin Wong New South Wales
Mr Mark Heckenberg Australian Capital Territory
Mr Michael Lawton Northern Territory
Ms Jean Meaklin Victoria
Mr Wil van Deur South Australia
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM — Variation
Chair
Mr Gerard Early Commonwealth
Review Team
Mr Bruce Dowdell NSW Roads and Traffic Authority
Mr Karl Carrabotta Western Australia
Mr Kerry Lack New South Wales
Ms Melanie Middleton Victoria
Ms Sue May Commonwealth
Mr Jon Real Commonwealth Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Services and Local Government
Mr Neil Wong National Transport Commission
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM — Variation
Chair
Mr Gerard Early Commonwealth
Project Team
Ms Debbie Lawrence/Ms Sarah Lenarduzzi Commonwealth
Dr Greg Storrier New South Wales
Mr Peter Thorning Queensland
Project Manager
Mr Ian Newbery NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
103
Tyres NEPM
Chair
Mr Gerard Early Commonwealth
Project Team
Ms Shaneen Coulson Commonwealth
Mr Steve Watson Victoria
Mr Rob Middlin South Australia
Dr John Ottaway/Mr Michael Reid Western Australia
Mr Alex Young/Ms Sharon Owens New South Wales
Jurisdictional Reference Network
Dr Paul Bainton Commonwealth
Ms Kylie Hughes Queensland
Mr Steve Howatt Tasmania
Mr Graham Mannall Australian Capital Territory
Mr Nigel Green Northern Territory
Ms Jill Lethlean Western Australia
Ms Melinda Barker Victoria
Mr Rob Middlin South Australia
Mr Alex Young New South Wales
Project Manager
Mr Ian Newbery NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
NEPC Act — Review
Strategic Planning Committee
Chair
Ms Anthea Tinney/Mr Gerard Early Commonwealth
Members
Ms Sally Barnes New South Wales
Mr Mick Bourke/Mr Chris Bell Victoria
Ms Nancy Esler Queensland
Dr Bruce Kennedy NEPC Service Corporation
Support
Ms Mary Harwood Commonwealth
Mr Ian Newbery NEPC Service Corporation
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
104
PM2.5 Equivalence Program
Chair
Mr Chris Bell/Mr Wayne Robins Victoria
Members
Mr Fred Ardern Victoria
Dr Lyn Denison Victoria
Mr Chris Eiser New South Wales
Dr Michael Groth Tasmania
Mr Robert Kleinfelder Western Australia
Dr Mike Manton Peer Review Committee
Mr Rob Mitchell South Australia
Mr David Power Australian Capital Territory
Mr David Wainwright Queensland
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
Multi-city Mortality and Morbidity Study Steering Committee
Chair
Dr Paul Vogel/Mr Joe Woodward South Australia/New South Wales
Members
Mr Chris Bell Victoria
Mr Jim Dodds WA Department of Health
Dr Melita Keywood CSIRO
Ms Kelly Pearce Commonwealth
Ms Sue Powell New Zealand Ministry for the Environment
Dr Neville Smith Bureau of Meteorology
Dr Roscoe Taylor National Public Health Partnership/Australian Health
Ministers’ Advisory Council
Project Manager
Mr Ian Newbery/Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Peer Review Committee
Chair
Dr Mike Manton Monash University
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
105
Members
Mr Chris Eiser New South Wales
Mr Adrian Heggie Australian Institute of Petroleum
Dr Nigel Holmes Minerals Council Australia
Mr Bob Joynt Victoria
Mr Robert Kleinfelder Western Australia
Dr Graeme Lorimer National Environment Consultative Forum
Mr Rob Mitchell South Australia
Mr David Power Australian Capital Territory
Mr Paul Purdon Northern Territory
Dr Bro Sheffield–Brotherton National Environment Consultative Forum
Dr Bob Hyde Tasmania
Mr David Wainwright Queensland
Executive Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
NEPM Implementation Reporting Working Group
Members
Ms Naomi Nicholson Commonwealth
Ms Fiona Rae Victoria
Mr Steven Mudge South Australia
Mr Stephen Quiterio Western Australia
Project Officers
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
Ms Bronwyn Gobbett/ Ms Susan Whitehead NEPC Service Corporation
Land Transport Environment Committee
Chair
Mr Tim Eaton (2008) National Transport Commission
Dr Bruce Kennedy (2007) NEPC Service Corporation
Members
Mr Chris Bell/Mr Wayne Robins Victoria
Mr Stewart Jones Department of Transport and Regional Services
Ms Judy Oswin Queensland Transport
Ms Anthea Tinney/Mr Gerard Early Commonwealth
Dr Paul Vogel/ Mr Allan Holmes South Australia
Mr Les Wielinga Roads and Traffic Authority NSW
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
106
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND HERITAGE COUNCIL
Members of Working Groups are officers nominated by EPHC member agencies unless indicated otherwise.
Chemicals Working Group
Chair
Ms Lisa Corbyn New South Wales
Members
Ms Lejla Buza Commonwealth
Mr David Duncan South Australia
Mr Lee Eeles Commonwealth
Mr Doug Hide Western Australia
Dr Faiz Khan Queensland
Mr Michael Lawton Northern Territory
Dr Jane Mallen-Cooper New South Wales
Ms Therese Manning New South Wales
Ms Elizabeth Moore New South Wales
Mr David Power Australian Capital Territory
Dr Barry Reville Commonwealth
Mr Mark Stanborough/Mr John Mollison Tasmania
Mr Barry Warwick Victoria
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
Wind Energy Working Group
Chair
Mr Stephen Oxley Commonwealth
Members
Ms Tristy Fairf ield/Ms Tara Cherrie Western Australia
Mr Cameron Frazer/ Mr Diwaker Basnet Victoria
Mr Simon Howes South Australia
Mr Scott Jeffries New South Wales
Mr John Lane Queensland
Ms Jadranka McAlpine/Ms Rebecca Collins Commonwealth
Ms Sarah McDonald Local Government and Planning Ministers’ Council
Joint Committee
Mr Nicholas Sawyer Tasmania
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
107
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey/Ms Susan Whitehead NEPC Service Corporation
Stakeholder Reference Group
Mr Damien Bell Indigenous Advisory Committee
Mr David Clarke Victorian Central Highlands Area Consultative Committee Inc
Mr Colin Griff iths Australian Council of National Trusts
Ms Di Jay Planning Institute of Australia
Ms Liz Johnstone Municipal Association of Victoria
Mr Tim Le Roy
(Mr Randall Bell representing) Tarwin Valley Coastal Guardians
Mr Tom Perrigo National Trust of Australia (WA)
Mr Andrew Richards Pacif ic Hydro/Clean Energy Council
Mr Brett Thomas Acciona Energy
Mr Chris Tzaros Birds Australia
Ms Yvonne Wenham Friends of Future Generations Spokesperson
Waste Working Group
Chair
Mr Tim Rogers New South Wales
Members
Ms Kelly Pearce Commonwealth
Mr Steve Howatt Tasmania
Ms Roz Hall New South Wales
Ms Kylie Hughes Queensland
Mr Michael Kerr Western Australia
Mr Michael Lawton/Ms Kira Schlusser Northern Territory
Mr David Butt Australian Capital Territory
Mr Tom Whitworth/Mr Rob Middlin South Australia
Project Manager
Mr Ian Newbery NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
Diversion of Industrial Residues Subgroup
Chair
Dr Barry Reville Commonwealth
Members
Mr Mark Gorta New South Wales
Mr Steve Hartley New South Wales
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
108
Ms Kylie Hughes Queensland
Dr Bruce Kennedy NEPC Service Corporation
Mr Steven Sergi South Australia
Ms Louise Sindall Western Australia
Project Officer
Ms Monina Gilbey NEPC Service Corporation
Plastic Bags RIS Subgroup
Chair
Dr Paul Bainton Commonwealth
Members
Ms Melinda Barker Victoria
Ms Angela Gillman Commonwealth
Ms Jenny Brown New South Wales
Ms Kylie Hughes Queensland
Mr Vaughan Levitzke/Ms Monica Stasiak South Australia
Australian Guidelines for Water Recycling
Joint Steering Committee
Chair
Mr Chris Bell/Mr John Williamson Victoria
Members
Mr Michael Barry Australian Local Government Association
Ms Jo Beatty Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment
Ms Jan Bowman Victoria Department of Human Services
Dr Helen Cameron Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
Mrs Cathy Clutton National Health and Medical Research Council
Dr David Cunliffe South Australia Department of Human Services
Dr David Dettrick Northern Territory
Mr Leon English Western Australia Department of Water
Dr Greg Jackson Queensland Health
Mr John Lauder Commonwealth Department of Transport and Regional Services
Dr Karin Leder National Health and Medical Research Council
Mr Peter Marczan New South Wales
Ms Chris Schweizer Commonwealth
Mr Mike Sharpin New South Wales
Dr Paul Smith National Water Commission
Dr Kaye Power New South Wales Health
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
109
Mr Neil Power South Australia Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity
Conservation
Mr Ross Young Water Services Association of Australia
Augmentation of Drinking Water Supplies Working Group (Phase 2)
Chair
Dr David Cunliffe South Australia Department of Human Services
Members
Dr Dan Deere CRC Water Quality and Treatment
Mr Peter Donlon Water Services Association of Australia
Dr Jim Fitzgerald South Australia Department of Human Services
Dr Charles Lewis Commonwealth
Mr Ian Marshall/Dr Heather Uwins Queensland Health
Mr Neil McGuinness Western Australia Department of Health
Dr Kaye Power NSW Department of Health
Prof Brian Priestly Monash University
Ms Suzie Sarkiss Victoria Department of Human Services
Dr Martha Sinclair Monash University
Dr Melita Stevens Melbourne Water
Dr Simon Toze CSIRO Land and Water
Managed Aquifer Recharge Working Group (Phase 2)
Chair
Mr Leon English Western Australia Department of Water
Members
Dr Melissa Bromly Western Australia Department of Water
Dr Greg Jackson Queensland Health
Mr Michael Jamieson Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water
Ms Shona Juffermans Victoria
Mr Peter Newland South Australia
Dr Paul Smith National Water Commission
Dr Alan Thomas Commonwealth
Mr Nick Turner Western Australia Water Corporation
Mr Michael Williams New South Wales Department of Natural Resources
Stormwater Working Group (Phase 2)
Chair
Mr Mike Sharpin New South Wales
Members
Mr David Duncan South Australia
Mr Ted Gardner Queensland Department of Natural Resources and Water
Ms Annie Josline Commonwealth
Dr Grace Mitchell Monash University
Dr Melita Stevens Melbourne Water
Air Quality Working Group
Chair
Dr Paul Vogel/Mr Joe Woodward South Australia/New South Wales
Members
Mr Chris Bell Victoria
Mr Jim Dodds WA Department of Health
Dr Melita Keywood CSIRO
Ms Kelly Pearce Commonwealth
Ms Sue Powell New Zealand Ministry for the Environment
Dr Neville Smith Bureau of Meteorology
Dr Roscoe Taylor National Public Health Partnership/Australian Health Ministers’
Advisory Council
Dr Christine Williams Queensland
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
Children’s Health and Air Pollution Study
Chair
Dr Paul Vogel South Australia
Members
Dr Lyn Denison Victoria
Prof Bin Jalaludin University of Sydney
Dr Guy Marks Woolcock Institute
Prof Rod Simpson National Health and Medical Research Council
Prof Gail Williams University of Queensland
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
110
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 2
:P
RO
JE
CT
TE
AM
S A
ND
WO
RK
ING
GR
OU
PS
— M
EM
BE
RS
HIP
111
Air Quality Standard Setting Working Group
Chair
Mr Chris Bell/Mr Wayne Robins and Victoria and
Dr Roscoe Taylor AHMAC
Members
Mr Robin Seeley Commonwealth
Mr Jack Dempsey Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
Dr Lyn Denison Victoria
Dr Monika Nitschke South Australia Department of Human Services
Mr Drew Farrar Western Australia
Dr David Simon enHealth
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
Air Toxics Equivalence Monitoring Task Group
Chair
Dr Mike Manton Peer Review Committee
Members
Mr Alan Betts New South Wales
Mr Ian Galbally CSIRO
Mr Adrian Heggie Parsons Brinckerhoff
Mr Robert Kleinfelder Western Australia
Mr Rob Mitchell South Australia
Dr Bro Sheffield-Brotherton National Environment Consultative Forum
Mr Paul Torre Victoria
Mr David Wainwright Queensland
Project Manager
Ms Kerry Scott NEPC Service Corporation
Project Officer
Mr Haemish Middleton NEPC Service Corporation
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (
SIN
CE
19
96
)
112
NEPC GENERAL
• EPHC / NEPC filter criteria for national environment and heritage issues — May 2008
• Statement of Expectation for the NEPC Service Corporation—2007-08 — May 2008
• Statement of Intent for the NEPC Service Corporation—2007-08 — May 2008
• Report of the second review of the National Environment Protection Council Acts (Commonwealth, state
and territory) — June 2007
• Report of the review of the National Environment Protection Council Acts (Commonwealth, state and
territory) — June 2001
• NEPC revised protocol for the development of impact statements — July 2000
• NEPC annual report 2006–07
• NEPC annual report 2005–06
• NEPC annual report 2004–05
• NEPC annual report 2003–04
• NEPC annual report 2002–03
• NEPC annual report 2001–02
• NEPC annual report 2000–01
• NEPC annual report 1999–00
• NEPC annual report 1998–99
• NEPC annual report 1997–98
• NEPC annual report 1996–97
• NEPC annual report 1995–96
• Scoping protocol for National Environment Protection Measures — July 1999
• NEPC consultation protocol (revised) (bulletin) — May 1999
• Introducing the National Environment Protection Council (pamphlet) — 1997
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (OZONE, SO2, CO-OP STUDIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS)
• Review of the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure —Discussion paper —
June 2007
• Report on the preliminary work for the review of the ozone standard — October 2005
• Summary of submissions on preliminary work for the ozone standard — October 2005
• Preliminary work on ozone for the review of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM – Issues paper — May 2005
• Ozone data analysis report — September 2004
• Ozone data analysis additional task report — September 2004
• Priority research areas — June 2004
• Review of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM ozone standard — Ozone Workshop 18 May 2004 — Summary
of outcomes — May 2004
• Time activity study — May 2004
– Data description report
– Study I — September 2002 (summer)
– Study II — February 2003 (winter)
– Summary of findings
• Review of the practicability of a 10 minute standard for sulfur dioxide – Issues paper — March 2004
• Report of the review of the practicability of a 10 minute standard for sulfur dioxide —March 2004
Appendix 3: Publications (since 1996)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (S
INC
E 1
99
6)
113
• Summary of submissions received in relation to the review of the practicability of a 10 minute standard for
sulfur dioxide – Issues paper —March 2004
• Air pollution and health: Identifying research priorities for policy development — July 2003
• Variation to the Ambient Air Quality NEPM PM2.5 — June 2003
• Summary of submissions received in relation to the draft variation on setting PM2.5 standard in Australia —
June 2003
• Technical paper on monitoring for particles as PM2.5 — June 2003
• Asthma research — A background paper — January 2003
• Report on Air Pollution and Asthma Workshop — January 2003
• Draft variation to the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for particles as
PM2.5 and associated impact statement — October 2002
• Summary of submissions received in relation to the discussion paper on setting a PM2.5 standard in
Australia — June 2002
• Discussion paper on setting a PM2.5 standard in Australia — February 2002
• Issues paper on the need for a PM2.5 standard in Australia — June 2001
• Issues paper on the need for a PM2.5 standard in Australia — Released to key stakeholders for comment —
May 2001
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the issues
paper on the need for a PM2.5 standard in Australia and National Environment Protection Council’s
responses to those submissions — May 2001
• National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure — May 2001
– Technical paper no. 1: Checklist for monitoring plans
– Technical paper no. 2: Selection of regions
– Technical paper no. 3: Monitoring strategy
– Technical paper no. 4: Screening procedures
– Technical paper no. 5: Data collection and handling
– Technical paper no. 6: Meteorological measures
– Technical paper no. 7: Accreditation of performance monitoring
– Technical paper no. 8: Annual reports for Ambient Air Quality NEPM
– Technical paper no. 9: Lead monitoring
– Technical paper no. 10: Collection and reporting of TEOM PM10 data
• Report of the Risk Assessment Taskforce — October 2000
• National Environment Protection Measure for Ambient Air Quality — June 1998
• Revised impact statement for Ambient Air Quality — June 1998
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for Ambient Air Quality and National
Environment Protection Council’s responses to those submissions — June 1998
• Report of the Ambient Air Quality National Environment Protection Measure Monitoring Protocol Working
Group — March 1998
• Draft National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for Ambient Air Quality — Released
for public comment — November 1997
• A review on the existing health data on six air pollutants — May 1997
• Report on the monitoring and reporting protocols for the Ambient Air Quality National Environment
Protection Measure — April 1997
• Report on the air quality management options — April 1997
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (
SIN
CE
19
96
)
114
The EPHC website at <www.ephc.gov.au> has links to jurisdictional monitoring plans of each state, territory
and the Commonwealth located on their websites.
AMBIENT AIR TOXICS
• Air toxics tier 2 prioritisation methodology — June 2006
• Draft National Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure and associated impact statement — May 2003
• Towards a National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Toxics) Measure —Discussion paper — March 2002
• Ambient air toxics issues paper — September 2001
• Information bulletin on the proposed National Environment Protection (Ambient Air Toxics) Measure —
July 2001
NATIONAL POLLUTANT INVENTORY
• Draft variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure 2008
(No. 1) —April 2008
• Variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure 2007 (No. 1) —
June 2007
• National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure 1998 as varied — June 2007
• Draft addendum to the variation to the NPI NEPM summary of submissions—For the purpose of
consultation on the inclusion of greenhouse gases — May 2007
• Summary of submissions received in relation to the draft variation to the National Environment Protection
(National Pollutant Inventory) Measure and National Environment Protection Council’s responses to those
submissions — April 2007
• Cost analysis of reporting National Pollutant Inventory transfers—Case studies using the amended NPI
NEPM variation — March 2007
• Draft variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure —
June 2006
• Draft variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure – Impact
statement — June 2006
• Analysis of the financial costs of including transfers in the National Pollutant Inventory — May 2006
• Final report to the National Environment Protection Council – Technical Advisory Panel — March 2006
• Report of the review of the National Pollutant Inventory — July 2005
• Report of the review of the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure —
December 2001
• National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure as varied — June 2000
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure and impact statement
and the responses of the National Environment Protection Council to those submissions — May 2000
• Draft variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure —
December 1999
• Impact statement for the draft variation to the National Environment Protection (National Pollutant
Inventory) Measure — December 1999
• National Pollutant Inventory Technical Advisory Panel final report to National Environment Protection
Council — January 1999
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (S
INC
E 1
99
6)
115
• National Environment Protection Measure for the National Pollutant Inventory and memorandum of
understanding relating to implementation of the National Pollutant Inventory — February 1998
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for the National Pollutant Inventory and
the National Environment Protection Council’s responses to those submissions — February 1998
• Draft National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for the National Pollutant Inventory
— released for public comment June 1997
• National Pollutant Inventory Technical Advisory Panel report to the National Environment Protection
Council — May 1997 — released for public comment — June 1997
MOVEMENT OF CONTROLLED WASTE BETWEEN STATES AND TERRITORIES
• Variation to the National Environment Protection Measure for the movement of controlled waste between
states and territories — December 2004
• National Environment Protection Measure for the movement of controlled waste between states and
territories — June 1998
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for the movement of controlled waste
between states and territories — June 1998
• Draft National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for the movement of controlled waste
between states and territories — January 1998
DIESEL VEHICLE EMISSIONS
• National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure—Review report — April 2007
• National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure — June 2001
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for diesel vehicle emissions — June 2001
• Draft National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure and impact statement —
February 2001
• Diesel vehicle emissions National Environment Protection Measure — Discussion paper released to key
stakeholders for comment — November 2000
• Information bulletin on the proposed National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure
— September 2000
PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP
• Draft National Environment Protection (Tyres) Measure — released for public consultation — May 2008
PREPARATORY PROJECT WORK FOR THE PROPOSED NEPM FOR DIESEL VEHICLE
EMISSIONS
• In-service emissions performance: In-service certification correlation studies — April 2001
• In-service emissions pilot study: Fault identification and effect of maintenance — April 2001
• In-service emissions performance — Phase 2: Vehicle testing — November 2000
• A review of dynamometer correlations, in-service emissions and engine deterioration (CD-ROM) —
March 2000
• The Australian diesel fleet: Existing vehicle characteristics and the modelling of transport demand, vehicle
populations and emissions (CD-ROM) — November 1999
• In-service emissions performance — Phase 1: Urban drive cycle development (CD-ROM) — March 1999
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (
SIN
CE
19
96
)
116
USED PACKAGING MATERIALS
• Peer Review of MMA/BDA Report on Complementary Economic Mechanisms — April 2008
• National Packaging Covenant Complementary Economic Mechanisms Investigation—prepared by McLennan
— December 2007
• Used Packaging Materials NEPM application thresholds — July 2005
• Used Packaging Materials NEPM as varied July 2005 — July 2005
• Variation to the Used Packaging Materials NEPM — July 2005
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for used packaging materials and the
National Environment Protection Council’s responses to those submissions — July 2005
• Draft variation to the Used Packaging Materials NEPM — Impact statement — July 2005
• Summary of submissions received in relation to the draft National Packaging Covenant and regulatory
impact statement — July 2005
• National Packaging Covenant — March 2005
• National Environment Protection Measure for used packaging materials and the National Packaging
Covenant — July 1999
• Summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the draft
National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for used packaging materials and the
National Environment Protection Council’s responses to those submissions — May 1999 — publicly
released — July 1999
• Draft National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for used packaging materials —
January 1999
• Used packaging materials National Environment Protection Measure — Discussion paper released to key
stakeholders for comment — June 1998
ASSESSMENT OF SITE CONTAMINATION
• National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure—Review—Review report —
September 2006
• Review of the National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure — Summary
of submissions received in relation to the issues paper for the review of the assessment of site contamination
National Environment Protection Measure — April 2006
• Review of the Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM — Discussion paper — April 2006
• Review of the Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM — Issues paper — June 2005
• Proceedings of the Fifth National Workshop on the Assessment of Site Contamination — January 2003
• National Environment Protection Measure for assessment of site contamination 1999 including Schedule B
and the summary of submissions received by the National Environment Protection Council in relation to the
draft National Environment Protection Measure and impact statement for the assessment of site contamination
and the National Environment Protection Council’s response to those submissions — December 1999
• Draft NEPM and impact statement for the assessment of site contamination — March 1999
• Discussion paper: Towards a NEPM for the assessment of contaminated sites — July 1998
EPHC — CHEMICALS POLICY
• Environmental risk assessment guidance manual for industrial chemicals — draft for public comment —
August 2007
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (S
INC
E 1
99
6)
117
• Environmental Risk Assessment Guidance Manual for agricultural and veterinary chemicals— draft for
public comment —August 2007
• Principles for better environmental management of chemicals—Ministerial agreement — June 2007
• NChEM discussion paper public consultation summary of discussion paper submissions — May 2007
• Public round table meeting documents — March 2007
• Public round table meeting documents — May 2007
• Towards environmental sustainability for chemicals management in Australia—NChEM: A national
framework for chemicals management in Australia—Discussion paper — July 2006
• National dioxins program — Action plan for addressing dioxins in Australia — Public consultation —
October 2005
• National dioxins program — Action plan for addressing dioxins in Australia — Public consultation —
July 2005
• Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Australian
population: Levels in human milk — December 2004
• Final report of the national ChemCollect program — April 2004
• Scoping paper — Towards ecologically sustainable management of chemicals in Australia — June 2003
EPHC — INTEGRATED NATIONAL HERITAGE POLICY
• Revolving funds for historic heritage: An information paper — April 2005
• Making heritage happen — June 2004
– Incentives and policy tools for conserving our historic heritage
– Incentives and policy tools for conserving our historic heritage — Summary of findings
• Going places: Issues paper developing natural and cultural heritage tourism in Australia — May 2003
EPHC — WASTE MANAGEMENT
• Plastic retail carry bag use — 2006 and 2007 consumption —April 2008
• Decision — Regulatory impact statement: investigation of options to reduce the impacts of plastic bags—
April 2008
• Consultation regulatory impact statement — Investigation of options to reduce the environmental impact
of plastic bags — January 2007
• Guidance for assessing the beneficial reuse of industrial residues to land management applications—
A national approach — November 2006
• Explanatory note: Cost benefit analysis: Options for reducing the environmental impact of plastic shopping
bags —September 2006
• Report from ACG: The ANRA proposal on plastic bag management: Supplementary economic analysis to the
EPHC report —June 2006
• Report from ACG: Phasing out light-weight plastic bags; cost and benefits of alternative approaches —
May 2006
• Report from the ANRA: Plastic carry bags — Working towards continuous environmental improvement —
Report to Chair EPHC —May 2006
• Report from the ARA: ARA code of practice for the management of plastic bags — Final report —
December 2005
• Development of a national approach — Principles and guidance for assessing the beneficial reuse
of industrial residues to land management applications — September 2005
• Guidelines for management of plastic bag litter at landfill sites —June 2005
• Guidelines for management of plastic bag litter in public places — June 2005
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 3
:P
UB
LIC
AT
ION
S (
SIN
CE
19
96
)
118
• ARA code of practice for the management of plastic bags — 2004 end of year report —March 2005
• Nolan ITU interim report of plastic retail carry bag use —March 2005
• Co-regulatory frameworks for product stewardship — An industry discussion paper — December 2004
• Co-regulatory frameworks for product stewardship — Analysis of submissions to discussion paper —
December 2004
• Industry discussion paper on co-regulatory frameworks for product stewardship — December 2004
• ARA code of practice for the management of plastic bags — Mid-2004 interim progress report —July 2004
• The impacts of degradable plastic bags in Australia — September 2003
• Polychlorinated biphenyls management plan (revised) — April 2003
• National Plastic Bags Working Group report — December 2002
• Nolan ITU report on plastic shopping bags — Analysis on levies and environmental impacts —
December 2002
• National plastic shopping bags working group report to the National Packaging Covenant Council —
December 2002
• A national approach to waste tyres — Policy discussion paper — October 2002
• Review of the ANZECC polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) management plan — September 2002
EPHC — WATER QUALITY
• Australian guidelines for water recycling — Augmentation of drinking water supplies — Draft — July 2007
• National water quality management strategy — 21 Australian guidelines for water recycling: Managing
health and environmental risks (phase 2) augmentation of drinking water supplies — Draft for public
comment — July 2007
• Australian guidelines for water recycling — Managing health and environmental risks — November 2006
• Australian guidelines for water recycling — Managing health and environmental risks — Draft for public
consultation — October 2005
• Keeping tabs on marine debris (brochure) — December 2002
All publications are available for downloading from the EPHC website at <www.ephc.gov.au>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 4
:N
EP
M D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
— H
OW
NE
PM
S A
RE
MA
DE
119
Appendix 4: NEPM Development — How NEPMs Are Made
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION MEASURES
National Environment Protection Measures (NEPMs) are broad framework–setting statutory instruments
defined in NEPC legislation. They outline agreed national objectives for protecting particular aspects of the
environment. NEPMs may consist of any combination of goals, standards, protocols and guidelines.
A two–thirds majority of members is required for the NEPC to make a NEPM. Implementation of NEPMs is
the responsibility of each participating jurisdiction. NEPMs take effect in participating jurisdictions when they
are registered on the Federal Register of Legislative Instruments—although NEPMs are subject to disallowance
by either House of the Commonwealth Parliament.
The NEPC legislation prescribes that NEPMs may relate to any one or more of the following (section 14 (1)):
• ambient air quality
• ambient marine, estuarine and freshwater quality
• the protection of amenity in relation to noise (but only if differences in environmental requirements relating
to noise would have an adverse effect on national markets for goods and services)
• general guidelines for the assessment of site contamination
• environmental impacts associated with hazardous wastes
• the reuse and recycling of used materials.
NEPMs may also relate to motor vehicle noise and emissions and are developed by the NEPC in conjunction
with the National Road Transport Commission, now known as the National Transport Commission (sections
14 (1) (g) and 14 (2)).
In making NEPMs, the NEPC must have regard to the considerations detailed in section 15 of the NEPC
legislation. These considerations include:
• consistency with the Intergovernmental Agreement on the Environment
• environmental, economic and social impacts
• relevant international agreements
• any regional environmental differences.
IMPACT STATEMENTS
Prior to making a NEPM, the NEPC must prepare a draft of the NEPM and an impact statement (section 17
of the NEPC Act). The impact statement must include the following:
• the desired environmental outcomes
• the reason for the proposed NEPM and the environmental impact of not making the NEPM
• a statement of the alternative methods of achieving the desired environmental outcomes and the reasons why
those alternatives have not been adopted
• an identif ication and assessment of the economic and social impact on the community (including industry)
of making the proposed NEPM
• a statement of the manner in which any regional environmental differences in Australia have been addressed
in the development of the proposed NEPM
• the intended date for making the proposed NEPM
• the timetable (if any) in relation to the proposed NEPM
• the transitional arrangements (if any) in relation to the proposed NEPM.
These impact statement requirements are set out in the legislation. Impact statements are developed in keeping
with the requirements of the Council of Australian Governments as outlined in the Principles and guidelines
for national standard setting and regulatory action by ministerial councils and standard setting bodies.
The NEPC legislation requires that both the draft NEPM and the impact statement are made available for
public consultation for a period of at least two months. The NEPC must have regard to the impact statement
and submissions received during public consultation in deciding whether to make an NEPM.
NEPM REPORTING AND CONSULTATION ARRANGEMENTS
In the development of each National Environment Protection Measure, a working structure is established
as displayed in the following diagram.
The roles of these groups in NEPM development can be characterised in the following manner.
NEPC:
• initiates the development of the NEPM
• approves the release of the draft NEPM and impact statement for public consultation
• makes the NEPM.
NEPC Committee:
• appoints a NEPM Project Chair (from NEPC Committee)
• develops the proposal for the NEPM
• appoints project team experts from jurisdictions
• members are responsible for consultation in their jurisdiction.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 4
:N
EP
M D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
— H
OW
NE
PM
S A
RE
MA
DE
120
NEPC Service
Corporation
Public/Industry/
Environment/Groups
in Jurisdictions
Project TeamNGO
Advisory Group
NEPC
Committee
NEPC
Jurisdictional
Reference Network
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 4
:N
EP
M D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
— H
OW
NE
PM
S A
RE
MA
DE
121
Project Chair:
• provides policy direction for the project team
• has general oversight of the development of the draft NEPM and impact statement
• reports to the NEPC Committee on progress and issues arising during development of the draft NEPM and
the impact statement.
Project team:
• develops draft NEPM and impact statement under the guidance of the Project Chair and Project Manager.
NEPC Service Corporation:
• provides Project Manager and support structures for NEPM development.
Project Manager:
• is responsible for development of a detailed NEPM proposal
• manages the project (including the project team, f inances, timelines)
• acts as Executive Officer for the Non–Government Organisation Advisory Group and the Jurisdictional
Reference Network
• reports to the Project Chair and the NEPC Executive Officer.
Non–government Organisation Advisory Group:
• comprises senior executives from national non–government organisations (conservation, industry and
professional groups)
• is chaired by the Project Chair
• provides policy advice to the NEPC Committee through the Project Chair
• provides feedback to the project team.
Jurisdictional Reference Network:
• comprises one officer from each jurisdiction, who:
– conducts whole-of-government consultation under the direction of the NEPC Committee member for
the jurisdiction
– may organise and/or conduct public consultation in their jurisdiction
– provides feedback to the project team on jurisdictional issues
– supplies appropriate data and information to the project team to assist NEPM development.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 5
:N
EP
M D
EV
EL
OP
ME
NT
MO
DE
L –
FL
OW
CH
AR
T
122
Appendix 5: NEPM Development Model – Flow Chart
NE
PM
Id
enti
fica
tion
Th
e N
EP
M D
evel
opm
ent
Pro
cess
NE
PM
Im
ple
men
tati
on
Pre
scop
ing
Sco
ping
Dis
cuss
ion
pape
rN
EP
Mdr
afti
ng
Impa
ctst
atem
ent
draf
ting
Pub
lic
cons
ulta
tion
Fin
alis
e N
EP
M&
gov
ernm
ent
proc
esse
s
Impl
emen
tati
onby
jur
isdi
ctio
nsIm
plem
enta
tion
asse
ssm
ent
NE
PC
dec
isio
n to
dev
elop
a d
raft
NE
PM
and
publ
ish
noti
ce o
f in
tent
NE
PC
dec
isio
n to
rel
ease
dra
ftN
EP
M a
nd I
S f
or c
onsu
ltat
ion
NE
PC
mak
es N
EP
M.
NE
PM
reg
iste
red
on F
RL
IA
nnua
l re
port
ing
byju
risd
icti
ons
to N
EP
C
Iden
tify
pote
ntia
lN
EP
Ms
Sco
ping
prot
ocol
Impa
ctst
atem
ent
prot
ocol
Con
sult
atio
npr
otoc
ol
Rep
orti
ng &
asse
ssm
ent
prot
ocol
NE
PM
Im
ple
men
tati
on b
y ju
risd
icti
ons
outs
ide
the
NE
PC
Act
(but
lin
ked
to t
he N
EP
M d
evel
opm
ent
proc
ess
thro
ugh
the
Juri
sdic
tion
al R
efer
ence
Net
wor
k)
Iden
tify
pote
ntia
l N
EP
Mim
plem
enta
tion
not
cove
red
unde
r N
EP
C A
ctdu
ring
sco
ping
Impl
emen
tati
onis
sues
ref
erre
dto
in
disc
ussi
onpa
per
Juri
sdic
tion
sto
con
side
rim
plem
enta
tion
issu
es a
nd,
ifap
prop
riat
e, d
raft
an a
gre
emen
tbe
twee
nju
risd
icti
ons
Pote
ntia
l im
pact
sof
pro
pose
dim
plem
enta
tion
refe
rred
to
in I
S
Pro
pose
dim
plem
enta
tion
prog
ram
s to
supp
ort
publ
icco
nsul
tati
on
Fin
alis
eim
plem
enta
tion
and
any
requ
ired
agre
emen
t
Ong
oing
impl
emen
tati
on
R e p o r t s b y
N E P C M e m b e r s
A p p e n d i x 6 :
Implementation and Effectiveness of NEPMs
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Air Toxics NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Air Toxics
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AIR
TO
XIC
S N
EP
M
126
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Air Toxics) Measure
Made by Council: 3 December 2004
Commencement Date: 20 December 2004
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Special
Gazette No. S 52904, 20 December 2004)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Air Toxics) Measure is set out in clause 5 of the
Measure as follows:
5. National environment protection goal
The national environment protection goal
of this Measure is to improve the information
base regarding ambient air toxics within the
Australian environment in order to facilitate
the development of standards following a
Review of the Measure within eight years
of its making.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure is set
out in clause 6 of the Measure as follows:
6. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is to facilitate management of air
toxics in ambient air that will allow for the
equivalent protection of human health and well
being, by –
(1) providing for the generation of comparable,
reliable information on the levels of toxic
air pollutants (‘air toxics’) at sites where
signif icantly elevated concentrations of one
or more of these air toxics are likely to occur
(‘Stage 1 sites’) and where the potential for
significant population exposure to air toxics
exists (‘Stage 2 sites’).
(2) establishing a consistent approach to the
identif ication of such sites for use by
jurisdictions.
(3) establishing a consistent frame of reference
(‘monitoring investigation levels’) for use
by jurisdictions in assessing the likely
significance of levels of air toxics measured
at Stage 2 sites.
(4) adopting a nationally consistent approach
to monitoring air toxics at a range of
locations (eg. near major industrial sites,
major roads, areas affected by wood smoke).
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure is
based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM
with NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM
reporting requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Cw
lth–
AIR
TO
XIC
S
127
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Commonwealth implements the NEPM
administratively and ensures that its obligations
under the National Environment Protection Act
1994 are met.
Implementation activities
The Commonwealth has fulf illed its obligations to
date under the NEPM, undertaking a range of activities
in the reporting year to assist with the implementation
and further development of the NEPM.
The Commonwealth has established a Pollution
Prevention Strategy, which identif ies priority
pollutants and associated activities that need to be
managed at Defence sites. These priority pollutants
include the relevant air toxics under the NEPM. The
Commonwealth assesses and manages environmental
risks associated with its activities at Defence sites,
including emissions of air toxics, through the Defence
Environmental Management System.
In addition to the above direct measures for
implementing the NEPM, the Commonwealth
commissioned a number of studies to better
understand the major sources of air toxics, their
impacts and management strategies. The f indings
from these studies will inform the mid-term review
of the NEPM scheduled to begin in 2009.
• the urban-scale population exposure to reactive air
toxics study investigated the dispersion and chemical
reactivity of air toxics in the Sydney and Melbourne
airsheds. This study will help to improve methods
to identify Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites under the NEPM
• a study of particles, ozone and air toxics levels in
rural communities during prescribed burning
seasons will assist with developing air quality
management strategies in rural areas
• a study of indoor air pollutants will assess levels
of a range of pollutants, including air toxics, in
indoor settings. The study will also assess how
indoor pollutant levels are influenced by proximity
to major roads.
Experimental work for the f irst two projects was
completed in the reporting year. The indoor air study
is due to be completed in mid–2009.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Commonwealth has fulf illed its obligations to
date under the NEPM and will continue to undertake
activities in support of NEPM implementation, such
as the commissioning of research and development
of tools to assist targeting of future management
strategies on air toxic pollutants.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Air Toxics NEPM provides a nationally consistent
framework for the Commonwealth to assess the impacts
of its activities on ambient air toxics levels and
exposure to air toxics in the Australian environment.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
The Commonwealth has previously reported on its
desktop analysis, which identif ied no Commonwealth
sites on which there was potential for signif icant
population exposure to elevated levels of air toxics.
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for the Commonwealth by the Hon. Peter
Garrett AM MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts for
the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
Cw
lth
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8128
Consequently, regular monitoring of air toxics in
accordance with the NEPM is not proposed for any
Commonwealth sites.
No reassessment of the information on air toxics
levels and population exposure at Commonwealth
sites was undertaken in the reporting year, as
activities at these sites have not varied signif icantly
from the previous reporting year.
NS
W –
AIR
TO
XIC
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 129
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
New South Wales has comprehensive legislation
administered by the NSW Environment Protection
Authority (EPA), which is part of the Department
of Environment and Climate Change (NSW), to
control air emissions. These are outlined below.
National Environment Protection Council
(New South Wales) Act 1995
This Act provides for the establishment of a National
Environment Protection Council (NEPC) that has
power to make national environment protection
measures. The New South Wales Government will
implement national environment protection measures
(NEPMs) in New South Wales in a variety of ways,
including via legislation.
Protection of the Environment Administration
Act 1991
This Act sets up the NSW Environment Protection
Authority (EPA) with objectives to protect, restore
and enhance the quality of the environment in NSW
having regard to the need to maintain ecologically
sustainable development and to reduce the risks
to human health and prevent the degradation of
the environment.
Protection of the Environment Operations
Act 1997
The Protection of the Operations Act 1997 (POEO
Act) is the key piece of environment protection
legislation administered by the EPA. The POEO Act
provides a single licensing arrangement to regulate
air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and
waste management.
Protection of the Environment Operations
(Clean Air) Regulation 2002
This Regulation replaces the Clean Air (Domestic
Solid Fuel Heaters) Regulation 1997, the Clean Air
(Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Fuels) Regulation
1997, the Clean Air (Plant and Equipment) Regulation
1997 and the Protection of the Environment
Operations (Control of Burning) Regulation 2000.
Part 2 of the Regulation deals with the sale of
domestic solid fuel heaters and requires the heaters
to be certif ied as complying with emission limits
set out in the relevant Australian Standard. It also
prohibits tampering with such heaters.
Part 2A of the Regulation:
• controls burning in the open or in incinerators
in local government areas
• allows the EPA or local councils to grant approvals
for burning in the open or in an incinerator in
certain circumstances
• prohibits the burning of certain articles (including
tyres, paint and solvent containers, and certain
treated timbers)
• imposes a general duty on persons to prevent or
minimise air pollution when burning in the open
or in an incinerator.
Part 3 of the Regulation relates to motor vehicles and
deals with the following matters:
• the emission of air impurities, including excessive
smoke from motor vehicles
• the compulsory f itting and maintenance of anti-
pollution devices, and exemptions from these
requirements
• the limits on summer petrol vapour pressure
(from 15 November to 15 March)
• the reporting on the benzene concentration in
petrol prior to the introduction of a 1% benzene
limit in petrol nationally from 1 January 2006.
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for New South Wales by the Hon. Carmel
Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the Environment for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
NS
W –
AIR
TO
XIC
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8130
Part 4 of the Regulation applies to air emissions from
industrial and commercial activities and deals with
the following:
• setting maximum emission standards from
stationary sources for a number of air impurities,
including chlorine, volatile organic compounds,
dioxins and furans, hazardous substances (including
heavy metals and other toxics), smoke, solid
particles and sulfur
• establishing a framework for review of emission
standards applicable to pre-1979 premises
• requirements for afterburners and vapour recovery
units treating materials containing ‘principal toxic
air pollutants’
• ground-level concentration criteria for a wide range
of air toxics, including; benzene, benzo(α)pyrene,
formaldehyde, toluene and xylene, in Approved
Methods for Modelling and Assessment of Air
Pollutants in NSW.
Part 5 deals with the transport and storage of volatile
organic liquids.
Part 6 restricts the use of high sulfur liquid fuel.
Note: Parts 4, 5 and 6 of the Protection of the
Environment Operations (Clean Air) Regulation 2002
commenced on 1 September 2005, replacing the Clean
Air Plant and Equipment Regulation 1997 with new
more comprehensive requirements to control industrial
emissions. Part 2A of the Protection of the Environment
Operations (Clean Air) Regulation 2002 commenced
on 1 September 2006, replacing the Protection of the
Environment Operations (Control of Burning)
Regulation 2000.
Protection of the Environment Operations
(General) Regulation 1998
Some functions of this Regulation are to:
• set out how to calculate fees in relation to
environment protection licences, and makes
provision for adjustment or refunds of those fees
• set out fees for environment protection notices
• make provisions for load reduction agreements
(load reduction agreements allow for fee rebates
in return for measures taken to reduce pollution
in the future)
• establish a Review Panel to advise the EPA on
licensing matters, including load calculation
protocols
• set out the matters to be included by the EPA
in its statement of reasons for the grant or refusal
of a licence application
• make it an offence to provide information that is
false or misleading in relation to a licence application
• require licensees to retain records used to calculate
licence fees
• give effect to the National Environment Protection
(National Pollutant Inventory) Measure by requiring
occupiers of certain facilities to submit data to the
EPA relating to the emission of certain substances
• prohibit the burning of certain bio-material from
Australian native trees in certain electricity
generating works, and requires records and reports
to be made in accordance with EPA guidelines.
Implementation activities
The implementation of the NEPM is being coordinated
by the Department of Environment and Climate
Change (NSW).
Under Part 3, Clause 8 of the NEPM, the identification
of ‘stage 1’ and ‘stage 2’ sites for monitoring of air
toxics is required within 12 months of commencement
of the NEPM. NSW has completed the desktop
analysis and reported the results in the implementation
report for the reporting year ended 30 June 2005.
Air toxics monitoring is expected to commence in
2008 at two ‘stage 2’ sites in the Sydney region and
cover TO–14 compounds (including Benzene, Toluene
and Xylenes), formaldehyde and PAHs (including
benzo(a)pyrene).
Implementation summary and evaluation
New South Wales has fulf illed its obligations to date
under the NEPM and continues to progress its
implementation.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM ‘desktop analysis’ has helped to ensure
there is a consistent framework that jurisdictions can
use to identify locations for monitoring air toxics
in the Australian environment.
NS
W –
AIR
TO
XIC
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 131
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
New South Wales has completed the desktop analysis
and reported the results in the implementation report
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2005.
Air toxics monitoring is expected to commence in
2008 at two ‘stage 2’ sites in the Sydney region and
cover TO–14 compounds (including Benzene, Toluene
and Xylenes), formaldehyde and PAHs (including
benzo(a)pyrene).
Vic
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8132
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The State Environment Protection Policy (Air Quality
Management) [SEPP (AQM)] provides the statutory
framework for the management of emissions of air
toxics to the air environment in Victoria. The f ive
air toxics in the Air Toxics NEPM are included as
indicators in the SEPP (AQM). Toluene, xylenes and
formaldehyde are classif ied as Class 2 indicators
requiring control of emissions by the application
of best practice. Benzene and PAHs (as BaP) are
classif ied as Class 3 indicators. Class 3 indicators
are highly toxic pollutants that require control to
the maximum extent achievable (MEA). Both MEA
and best practice require consideration of the wastes
hierarchy in the management of emissions with
avoidance being the primary aim. Technology is
only one aspect of the management requirements.
The SEPP (AQM) contains two types of criteria to
assess the potential health risks posed by exposure
to air toxics:
1. Design Criteria—these are modelling tools that
are applied in the design stage of a facility or
expansion of a facility. They are based on either
toxicity or if more stringent the odour threshold
of a pollutant. They apply to individual industrial
emissions and are therefore conservative in nature.
2. Intervention Levels—these are local air quality
objectives that apply to cumulative sources of
emissions. If exceeded further investigation of the
cause is required and a neighbourhood environment
improvement plan may be triggered.
The design criteria established in the SEPP (AQM)
for benzene, formaldehyde and PAHs are based on
toxicity. For toluene and xylenes the design criteria
are based on the odour threshold. The SEPP (AQM)
contains intervention levels for all pollutants included
in the Air Toxics NEPM and these are based on the
protection of human health.
Implementation activities
The identif ication and prioritisation of the locations
likely to have signif icantly elevated levels of Air
Toxics (Stage 1) commenced in 2004 and was
finalised in 2005. No further analysis of Stage 1 sites
was conducted during 2007. The identif ication of
potential Stage 2 formaldehyde sites was f inalised
during 2006–07.
Further work was completed in the identif ication
of a site with the potential to have high exposure to
diesel emissions for the purpose of PAH monitoring.
Additional information sources were used in creating
a short-list of ten sites including 2004 Vic Roads
traff ic statistics and aerial photographs (used to
identify land use and potential population exposure).
One site at Campbellf ield was selected on the basis
of it having the highest truck numbers and being
representative of similar roads in Melbourne.
Monitoring at this site commenced in February 2008.
Monitoring during 2007–08 was conducted for the
five air toxics as shown below:
Carlton: B(a)P, benzene, toluene, xylene, formaldehyde
(January to May 2007 completing program
commenced in 2006)
South Melbourne: benzene, toluene, xylene
(January to May 2007 completing program
commenced in 2006)
Mooroolbark: B(a)P, formaldehyde, from January
2007 to January 2008
Traralgon: benzene, toluene, xylene, B(a)P,
formaldehyde from January 2007 to January 2008
Campbellfield: B(a)P, benzene, toluene, and xylenes,
from February 2008 (completion February 2009).
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for Victoria by the Hon. Gavin Jennings
MLC, Minister for Environment and Climate Change for the reporting
year ended 30 June 2008
Vic
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 133
These sites cover a range of locations that are impacted
by a variety of sources including motor vehicles,
diesel, heavy and light industry and domestic sources.
The site in Traralgon is also impacted by smoke from
prescribed burning for bush f ire management at
certain times of the year.
Monitoring commenced at Newport and Spotswood
in January 2006 and continued to January 2007.
Pollutants monitored were, Formaldehyde, Benzene,
Toluene and Xylene. Monitoring commenced at
South Melbourne and Carlton in May 2006 and
continued to May 2007. Benzene, toluene and xylene
were monitored at both sites. In addition B(a)P and
formaldehyde were monitored at Carlton.
All pollutants monitored were below investigation
levels at all sites. Note that due to slight overlap of
the calendar years for Carlton and South Melbourne,
the annual averages for the projects have been
included even though some data is from 2006. The
monitoring results obtained to date are shown in
Tables 1 and 2.
EPA Victoria has contracted Queensland Health
and Scientif ic Services (QHSS) for the analysis of
formaldehyde. QHSS has National Association of
Testing Authorities (NATA) accreditation for USEPA
method TO–11.
EPA Victoria has continued through Works approval
and licensing activities to require adoption of best
practice for the minimisation of emissions for all air
toxics and control to maximum extent achievable for
Class 3 indicators which include benzene and PAHs
(as BaP). Industries that emit Class 3 indicators have
been required to prepare action plans setting out how
MEA will be applied within their industry. During
2007–08 EPA Victoria has continued to review
emissions of Class 3 indicators to ensure that industries
emitting these pollutants are implementing the
approved action plans and minimising emissions to
the maximum extent achievable in accordance with
the plans.
During 2008–09 EPA Victoria will conduct an analysis
of the data obtained from the monitoring conducted
to date under the Air Toxics NEPM to inform the
mid-term review scheduled for 2009. This analysis will
also provide information to enable a re-assessment
of the identif ication of further stage 1 and 2 sites for
monitoring under the NEPM.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Victorian Government is strongly committed to
improving air quality in Victoria. The SEPP (AQM)
provides a framework for the management of sources
of emissions including emissions from diffuse sources
as well as industrial emissions. It emphasises the
importance of avoiding the generation of emissions
in the f irst place, and requires all generators of
emissions of wastes to air to apply best practice to
the management of those emissions. For benzene and
PAHs control is required to the maximum extent
achievable (MEA).
Monitoring that has been conducted as part of the
NEPM implementation has shown that the monitoring
investigation levels have not been exceeded at any
of the sites monitored. The monitoring has been
conducted at a variety of locations in Melbourne
including near roads, industrial complexes and in
areas impacted by domestic wood smoke.
The identif ication of Stage 1 and 2 sites as required
by the NEPM was completed in 2006–07. During
2007–08 monitoring was at f inalised at four sites
in Melbourne. Monitoring commenced in early 2007
at additional sites at Mooroolbark and Traralgon
(in the Latrobe Valley). Monitoring at a further site
at Campbellf ield commenced in 2008.
NATA accreditation has been obtained by EPA
Victoria for the monitoring methods specif ied in the
NEPM for all f ive air toxics. NATA accreditation has
also been obtained for the analysis methods for
benzene, toluene and xylenes.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
During 2007–08, Victoria made signif icant progress
in the implementation of the Air Toxics NEPM.
Monitoring was completed at four sites previously
identif ied as Stage 2 sites. Monitoring was also
undertaken at two additional sites in Melbourne and
the Latrobe Valley. Monitoring is being conducted
in accordance with the monitoring protocols
specif ied in the NEPM. Monitored levels of air
toxics are below the monitoring investigation levels.
The results of monitoring conducted as part of the
NEPM implementation indicate that air toxics levels
in Melbourne are low by international standards.
Vic
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8134
NATA accreditation has been obtained by EPA Victoria
for the sampling of the air toxics included in the
NEPM and for the analysis of benzene, toluene and
xylenes. Further work is underway to obtain NATA
accreditation for the analysis of PAHs by the method
specif ied in the NEPM.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
No additional Stage 1 site identification was undertaken
in 2007, sites previously identif ied have already been
assessed for consideration as Stage 2 sites.
No additional Stage 2 site identif ication was
undertaken in 2007. Work was completed on
micro-site selection for the stage 2 site identif ied
in 2006 (Campbellf ield).
Vic
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 135
Monitoring was conducted at Newport, Spotswood, Carlton and South Melbourne during 2006–07 for all
air toxics covered by the NEPM. No exceedances of the monitoring investigation levels were observed.
The results of this monitoring are shown in Table 1:
Tab
le 1
:M
onit
orin
g re
sult
s at
sta
ge 2
sit
e at
Car
lton
,S
outh
Mel
bou
rne,
Moo
rool
bark
an
d T
rara
lgon
for
200
7
Ave
rage
A
rith
met
ic
Nu
mb
er
Max
imu
m
Con
cen
trat
ion
S
tan
dar
d
of t
imes
Air
tox
icM
onit
orin
g P
erio
d o
f F
req
uen
cy o
f N
o.of
val
id
24-h
our
(as
an
Dev
iati
on
mon
itor
ing
met
hod
mon
itor
ing
mon
itor
ing
resu
lts
Ave
rage
arit
hm
etic
of
24-
hou
r in
vest
igat
ion
Con
cen
trat
ion
mea
n).
Ave
rage
.le
vel
Con
cen
trat
ion
sex
ceed
ed*
Car
lton
Ben
zene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
580.
0019
ppm
0.00
07 p
pm0.
0005
ppm
01
Tol
uene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
580.
0070
ppm
0.00
24 p
pm0.
0017
ppm
01
Xyl
ene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
580.
0034
ppm
0.00
10 p
pm0.
0008
ppm
01
Form
alde
hyde
TO
-11
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
540.
0040
ppm
0.00
23 p
pm0.
0009
ppm
01
Ben
zo(α
)pyr
ene
TO
-13
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
591.
39 n
g/m
30.
22 n
g/m
30.
30 n
g/m
301
Sou
th
Mel
bou
rne
Ben
zene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
590.
0014
ppm
0.00
05 p
pm0.
0003
ppm
01
Tol
uene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
590.
0051
ppm
0.00
16 p
pm0.
0012
ppm
01
Xyl
ene
TO
-15
22/5
/06
– 22
/5/0
71
in s
ix d
ays
590.
0024
ppm
0.00
05 p
pm0.
0005
ppm
01
Moo
rool
bark
Ben
zo(α
)pyr
ene
TO
-13
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s61
1.1
ng/m
30.
12 n
g/m
30.
15 n
g/m
30
Tra
ralg
on
Ben
zene
TO
-15
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s60
0.00
05 p
pm0.
0002
ppm
0.00
01 p
pm0
Tol
uene
TO
-15
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s60
0.00
12 p
pm0.
0003
ppm
0.00
03 p
pm0
Xyl
ene
TO
-15
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s60
0.00
05 p
pm0.
0002
ppm
0.00
01 p
pm0
Form
alde
hyde
TO
-11
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s54
0.00
41 p
pm0.
0015
ppm
0.00
08 p
pm0
Ben
zo(α
)pyr
ene
TO
-13
3/2/
07 –
29/
1/08
1 in
six
day
s60
0.84
ng/
m3
0.12
ng/
m3
0.12
ng/
m3
0
Vic
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8136
Tab
le 2
:A
ddit
ion
al a
ir t
oxic
s m
onit
orin
g
In addition to the monitoring described above, ethylbenzene and 1,3—butadiene were also monitored
in Traralgon, South Melbourne and Carlton. 1,3—butadiene was not detected during the program and
ethylbenzene was present only at very low levels. The results for these substances are shown in Table 2.
Ave
rage
A
rith
met
ic
Nu
mb
er
Max
imu
m
Con
cen
trat
ion
S
tan
dar
d
of t
imes
Air
tox
icM
onit
orin
g P
erio
d o
f F
req
uen
cy o
f N
o.of
val
id
24-h
our
(as
an
Dev
iati
on
mon
itor
ing
met
hod
mon
itor
ing
mon
itor
ing
resu
lts
Ave
rage
arit
hm
etic
of
24-
hou
r in
vest
igat
ion
Con
cen
trat
ion
mea
n).
Ave
rage
.le
vel
Con
cen
trat
ion
sex
ceed
ed*
Car
lton
1,3-
buta
dien
eT
O-1
522
/5/0
6 –
22/5
/07
1 in
six
day
s58
ND
ND
ND
NA
Eth
ylbe
nzen
eT
O-1
522
/5/0
6 –
22/5
/07
1 in
six
day
s58
0.00
06 p
pm0.
0002
ppm
0.00
01 p
pmN
A
Sou
th
Mel
bou
rne
1,3-
buta
dien
eT
O-1
522
/5/0
6 –
22/5
/07
1 in
six
day
s59
ND
ND
ND
NA
Eth
ylbe
nzen
eT
O-1
522
/5/0
6 –
22/5
/07
1 in
six
day
s59
0.00
04 p
pm<
0.0
002
ppm
0.00
01 p
pmN
A
Tra
ralg
on
1,3-
buta
dien
eT
O-1
53/
2/07
– 2
9/1/
081
in s
ix d
ays
60N
DN
DN
DN
A
Eth
ylbe
nzen
eT
O-1
53/
2/07
– 2
9/1/
081
in s
ix d
ays
60N
DN
DN
DN
A
Qld
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 137
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In Queensland, the Air Toxics NEPM is implemented
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
under the Environmental Protection Act 1994, the
Environmental Protection Regulation 1998, and the
Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997.
Air toxics emissions are also managed through
effective land use planning. Signif icantly, the South
East Queensland Regional Plan 2005–2026 provides
a sustainable growth management strategy for the
South East Queensland region to the year 2026. Under
the plan, urban settlement and the use of transport,
industry, energy and natural resources will be managed
to minimise adverse impacts on air quality.
The Regional Plan is supported by the South East
Queensland Infrastructure Plan 2008–2026, which
was released by the Queensland Government in June
2008. The infrastructure plan identif ies specif ic
projects to improve the use of public transport and
reduce traff ic congestion. Taken collectively, projects
under the Regional Plan will signif icantly reduce
transport-related emissions of air toxics in South
East Queensland.
Implementation activities
In 2005–06, the following sites were identif ied as
Stage 2 sites, or locations with the most potential
for signif icant population exposure to air toxics:
• Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba—representative of
a medium density residential area with potential
for signif icant population exposure to air toxics
in motor vehicle emissions
• Wynnum North Road, Wynnum North—
representative of a low-medium density residential
area, with potential for signif icant population
exposure to air toxics from industrial emissions.
Subject to detailed consideration of site suitability,
and availability of resources, it is proposed to
commence monitoring at the above sites in 2008–09.
In addition to the requirements of the NEPM, the
EPA monitored selected air toxics during the 2007–08
reporting period, using open path Differential Optical
Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instrumentation
at Springwood in South East Queensland.
The DOAS monitoring is not in accordance with the
protocols set out in the NEPM and the monitoring sites
are not identified as Stage 2 sites. Full implementation
of the protocols has been delayed due to lack of
resourcing. Although the monitoring conducted to
date is not in accordance with the protocols set out
in the NEPM, the data collected improves our
knowledge of ambient concentrations of the majority
of the toxic pollutants in Schedule 1 of the NEPM.
In 2007–08, the Queensland Government commenced
a new program called ‘Clean and Healthy Air for
Gladstone’ to address community concerns regarding
industrial emissions in Gladstone. As part of this
program, NEPM-compliant monitoring of benzene,
toluene, xylenes, formaldehyde and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons will be carried out at f ive locations in
and around Gladstone. Monitoring of benzene, toluene,
xylene and formaldehyde will also be carried out at
a sixth location using the DOAS methodology. The
monitoring program is scheduled to commence in
the second half of 2008 and will run for at least
twelve months.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Progress toward improving the information base
regarding ambient air toxics within the Queensland
environment has occurred by way of the desktop
analysis, identifying sites likely to have the highest
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for Queensland by the Hon. Andrew
McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
Qld
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8138
population exposure to air toxics as well as ambient
monitoring of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and
formaldehyde in Brisbane and Gladstone. Current
monitoring does not suggest a problem with air toxics
at the sites monitored.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Air Toxics NEPM has been effective in providing
an impetus to investigate available data, such as the
National Pollutant Inventory and the Air Emissions
Inventory for the South East Queensland region,
to identify the locations most likely to experience
signif icant population exposure to elevated ambient
concentrations of air toxics.
Investigations in the 2005–06 reporting period have
shown that locations with close proximity to major
roads or industrial sites have the most potential for
signif icant population exposure to air toxics. Stage 2
representative sites have been identif ied from these
types of locations.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
Although the EPA did not conduct any air toxics
monitoring at Stage 2 sites using the NEPM method,
levels of benzene, toluene and p-xylene were monitored
using an alternative differential optical absorption
spectroscopy (DOAS) technique at an ambient air
quality monitoring network site at Springwood in South
East Queensland. The primary air toxics emission
source at the Springwood site was motor vehicles.
Results from this monitoring are provided below.
Data collected indicate that levels are well below
the investigation levels contained in the NEPM.
Qld
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 139
Springwood
Monitoring method DOAS
Period of monitoring Jan–Dec 2007
Frequency of monitoring Continuous
Number of valid 24–hour periods 298
Maximum 24–hour average concentration 0.0015 ppm
Annual average concentration (as arithmetic mean) 0.0009 ppm
Arithmetic Standard Deviation of 24–hour average concentrations 0.0002 ppm
Number of times monitoring investigation level exceeded No exceedences1
1 Monitoring conducted using non-reference method.
Table 1: Ambient benzene concentration statistics for South East Queensland monitoring sites, 2007.
Springwood
Monitoring method DOAS
Period of monitoring Jan–Dec 2007
Frequency of monitoring Continuous
Number of valid 24–hour periods 248
Maximum 24–hour average concentration 0.0038 ppm
Annual average concentration (as arithmetic mean) 0.0012 ppm
Arithmetic Standard Deviation of 24–hour average concentrations 0.0005 ppm
Number of times monitoring investigation level exceeded No exceedences1
1 Monitoring conducted using non-reference method.
Table 2: Ambient toluene concentration statistics for South East Queensland monitoring sites, 2007.
Springwood
Monitoring method DOAS1
Period of monitoring Jan – Dec 2007
Frequency of monitoring Continuous
Number of valid 24–hour periods 291
Maximum 24–hour average concentration 0.0024 ppm
Annual average concentration (as arithmetic mean) 0.0014 ppm
Arithmetic Standard Deviation of 24–hour average concentrations 0.0003 ppm
Number of times monitoring investigation level exceeded No exceedences2
1 EPA instrumentation at Springwood is currently only capable of measuring levels of the p-xylene isomer, not total xylene. However,
monitoring studies conducted in urban environments around the world have shown that p xylene consistently comprises around 20
percent of the total xylene present in the atmosphere, providing the basis for an estimate of total xylene concentrations to be made.
2 Monitoring conducted using non-reference method.
Table 3: Ambient p-xylene concentration statistics for South East Queensland monitoring sites, 2007.
WA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8140
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The National Environment Protection Council (WA)
Act 1996 provides the legislative framework for
implementing the Air Toxics NEPM in Western
Australia.
The Environmental Protection Authority has f inalised
a draft Ambient Air SEP, utilising targeted consultation
with their reference panel members. This process was
initially commenced to provide policy context to the
Ambient Air Quality NEPM, but has been expanded
to also incorporate the environmental protection
goals of the Air Toxics NEPM. Once the draft Ambient
Air SEP has been considered by the Minister for the
Environment it is likely to be released for public
consultation before being f inalised.
The Perth Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP)
is a non-statutory mechanism established by the West
Australian Government. The objective of the AQMP
is to ensure that clean air is achieved and maintained
throughout the Perth metropolitan region. The AQMP
identif ies that to achieve an overall improvement in
Perth’s air quality, further studies are required to
determine major sources and concentrations of air
toxics in the Perth metropolitan region. The initiatives
within the Perth AQMP are complementary to the Air
Toxics NEPM.
Implementation activities
In accordance with Schedule 2 of the NEPM, a desktop
analysis was completed with Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites
identif ied for WA. This analysis was summarised in
the 2005–06 annual report. No further desktop analysis
has been conducted.
The 2006–07 annual report summarised the
monitoring results from the Stage 2 sites. A full
twelve months of monitoring data had been obtained
for formaldehyde and benzo(a)pyrene at the time
of reporting. Measured levels of the air toxics were
below the MILs specif ied.
Approximately six months of monitoring data had
also been collected and reported for toluene, xylene
and benzene. As the reported ambient concentrations
for toluene, xylene and benzene were all signif icantly
below the Monitoring Investigation Levels, the decision
was made to re-allocate the monitoring equipment
and staff resources to successfully implement another
priority air quality investigation. No further air toxics
monitoring has been conducted that strictly meets
the NEPM monitoring protocol.
In addition to the work to specif ically implement
the NEPM, the Department of Environment and
Conservation has completed or continues to progress
a number of air toxics investigations. These studies
further the national environment protection goal of
the NEPM to improve the information base regarding
ambient air toxics within the Australian environment.
Furthermore, these investigations aim to facilitate the
management of air toxics in ambient air in Western
Australia, which is consistent with the desired
environmental outcome of the NEPM.
Air quality investigations commissioned by the
Department of Environment and Conservation that
consider air toxics include:
• the Background Air Quality (Air Toxics) Study
commenced in January 2005 to examine the
background levels of a range of air toxics present
in the air. This study built on work published by
the then Department of Environment in January
2000. This study employed both active and passive
sampling methods across ten sites in the Perth
metropolitan area. In late 2005 this monitoring
was extended to two regional areas. A subset
of this study met the requirements of the NEPM
as expressed above
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for Western Australia by the Hon. Donna
Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment for the reporting year ended
30 June 2008
WA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 141
• the Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) Air
Emissions Monitoring Project commenced in
September 2005 at eleven sites, located as close
as possible to the centre of an SME area and away
from main roads. Samples were collected using
passive sorbent tubes packed with Tenax TA and
Radiello passive monitors. This work was
completed in partnership with the Swan Catchment
Council with funding from the Natural Heritage
Trust Fund
• the Kwinana Background Air Quality Study is an
extension of the Background Air Quality Study.
The aim of this study is to collect baseline ambient
air toxics data in different settings within Kwinana.
The Kwinana industrial area contains a signif icant
proportion of the heavy industry located in the
Perth metropolitan are. Radiello passive samplers
are being used to monitor over a seven–day averaging
period at fourteen sites. These locations have been
selected to be representative of the port, heavy
transport corridors, industry and residential zones.
Sampling commenced in July 2007 for a twelve
month period
• air toxics sampling commenced at two locations in
Collie in July 2007 using passive Radiello samplers
over a seven -day averaging period. One site was
positioned in the Coolangatta industrial estate and
the other in a residential part of town. Collie,
located approximately 200km south of Perth, is
a coal mining town and also has a signif icant role
in the provision of electricity for Western Australia
• the Midland Background Air Quality Study
(MBAQS) is currently taking place in Midland
and its surrounding areas. The study is also an
extension of the Background Air Quality Study.
The MBAQS began on 9 August 2007 and has been
designed to collect data on the concentrations of
selected air pollutants, including the NEPM air
toxics pollutants over a twelve month period. The
sampling regime and project specif ications were
developed in consultation with community members.
Air toxics are being measured at ten sites using
passive Radiello samplers over a seven-day averaging
period. The background site used in the study is
in Caversham, there are also two primary schools,
one hospital and the remainder of sites are located
in residential areas throughout Midland and the
surrounding suburbs. The primary schools and
hospital were chosen as sensitive receptors (e.g.
sensitive populations residing or being present for
a large amount of time).
Implementation summary and evaluation
Completion of the desktop analysis and monitoring
at identif ied Stage 2 sites are signif icant steps in
achieving the NEPM goal. The results of NEPM
monitoring indicate that air toxics levels in Perth are
low compared to international standards and below
NEPM monitoring investigation levels.
In addition to the work to specif ically implement the
NEPM, all of the studies outlined above contribute
to the implementation of the NEPM goal by providing
a better understanding of air toxics concentrations
across a diverse selection of site in Western Australia.
The monitoring results from these studies will inform
future work, including the need for additional
monitoring and/or management strategies.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has been effective in highlighting the need
to investigate air toxics concentrations and providing
monitoring investigation levels to which the results
can be compared. The monitoring investigation levels
provide a nationally consistent benchmark for
assessing and comparing the concentrations of
ambient air toxics from diverse monitoring sites and
are an effective tool to inform government policy
and programs on appropriate abatement actions.
Monitoring for air toxics in Western Australia has
primarily been undertaken as part of specif ic studies.
This has meant there are often a number of objectives
to be satisf ied when developing and implementing
the monitoring programs. As a consequence, the NEPM
monitoring protocol has not always being followed.
The monitoring results from these studies however,
are invaluable when assessing ambient air toxic
concentrations across Western Australia.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
WA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8142
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
The Department of Environment and Conservation
has previously reported on its desktop analysis and
monitoring at Stage 2 sites. No additional NEPM
compliant monitoring has been undertaken during
the past twelve months.
The results from the studies outlined above (in
Part 2) are made available on the Department of
Environment and Conservation’s website following
analysis. The results from completed studies can
be viewed at: <www.dec.wa.gov.au>.
SA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 143
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Section 4 of the transitional provisions in the
Environment Protection (Miscellaneous) Amendment
Act 2005, Sch 1 enable the continued operation of the
National Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure
(NEPM), as an Environment Protection Policy.
Administration of the NEPM is undertaken by the
Environment Protection Authority (SA EPA) to ensure
the obligations under the NEPM are met.
Implementation activities
A report detailing the SA EPA’s progress and an
amended monitoring plan for 2008–09 has been
submitted to NEPC as required under section 13
of the Air Toxics NEPM.
Modelling of air toxics in the Adelaide airshed has
been completed in this reporting year. This modelling
study aimed to refine the initial desktop study
methodology through the inclusion of the effects
of meteorology on emissions. The report stating the
findings of this study, titled Review of Air Toxics
Desktop Analysis for the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure 2008, was submitted
to NEPC as an attachment to the 2007–08 Air Toxics
NEPM Compliance Report. The completion and
submission of this report fulf ills the SA EPA’s
requirements to conduct a review of the desktop
analysis as stated in Schedule 4 Part 4 of the NEPM.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The SA EPA completed a modelling study of air
toxics in the Adelaide airshed utilising inventory data
with OPSIS monitoring data being used for validation.
The report stating the f indings of this study, titled
Review of Air Toxics Desktop Analysis for the National
Environment Protection (Air Toxics) Measure 2008,
was submitted to NEPC as an attachment to the
2007–08 Air Toxics NEPM Compliance Report. The
completion and submission of this report fulf ills the
SA EPA’s requirements to conduct a review of the
desktop analysis as stated in Schedule 4 Part 4 of
the NEPM.
The SA EPA instigated a review of monitoring
instrumentation permitted under the NEPM to
monitor air toxics during the 2006–07 reporting year,
with a specif ic focus on the question of whether the
OPSIS DOAS system could achieve equivalency with
standard NEPM methods for measuring benzene and
formaldehyde. A discussion paper containing reviews
of current studies using OPSIS for air toxics
monitoring and a proposed equivalency methodology
was submitted to the NEPC standing committee for
consideration. The newly formed Air Toxics Monitoring
Equivalence Group (ATMEG) undertook a critical
evaluation of this paper and raised several specif ic
concerns about the proposed method. At the time
of writing, the SA EPA is reviewing its proposed
methodology, with assistance from the Victorian
Environment Protection Authority, and will resubmit
the revised report to the ATMEG for further
consideration.
No monitoring that complied with the requirements
of the NEPM, as outlined in Schedule 3, was
undertaken. However, the SA EPA in collaboration
with the National Centre for Environmental Toxicology,
the South Australian Department of Health and other
relevant interstate government departments, conducted
PAH sampling at selected locations using a new
passive sampling technique. The South Australian
results are summarised in Part 4 of this report.
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for South Australia by the Hon. Jay
Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and Conservation for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
SA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8144
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has been effective in highlighting the
need to investigate air toxics concentrations. While
broad programs of monitoring using the NEPM
equivalent methods have not been undertaken, air
toxics monitoring has been included in studies such
as that described in the previous section, which has
provided useful information on emissions of PAH
from specif ic sources. These include suburban
intersections with high traff ic volumes and areas
where wood is used extensively as a fuel for
domestic heating.
The OPSIS system has also provided extensive data
on gaseous air toxics, which will inform development
of future air quality management plans.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
As required as part of the Air Toxics NEPM, the SA
EPA has conducted a formal review of the desktop
study. This review applied The Air Pollution Model
(TAPM) to provide improved estimations of air
toxics concentrations across the Adelaide airshed.
Incorporating TAPM into the desktop study review
methodology allowed for the influence of meteorology
and topography on pollutant movement and dispersion
to be included.
The number of Stage 1 sites identified in the Adelaide
airshed by this methodology for each of the criteria
pollutants changed from the f irst study as shown:
• benzene reduced from 4 to 0
• formaldehyde reduced from 264 to 0
• PAHs increased from 4 to 2200
• doluene reduced from 4 to 0.
• xylenes remained at 0
Consequently, the number of Stage 2 sites identif ied
in the Adelaide airshed changed from the f irst study
as shown:
• benzene reduced from 2 to 0
• formaldehyde reduced from 10 to 0
• PAH’s increased from 1 to 2200
• toluene reduced from 4 to 0
• xylenes remained at 0.
The massive increase in the number of Stage 1 and
Stage 2 sites for PAH’s in the Adelaide airshed is
believed to be due to problems with the preparation
method of PAH emissions data input files for modelling.
As such, the assignments are not considered reliable
and will be further reviewed when upgrades to TAPM
are implemented over the next year or so.
While the original desktop analysis covered all
thirteen airsheds within South Australia, the highest
ranking Stage 2 sites (sites with highest concentrations
and population exposure) were all located within the
Adelaide airshed. It was therefore assumed that if
modelling did not indicate a problem in the Adelaide
airshed, it would be unlikely that concentrations
would exceed monitoring investigation levels in other
airsheds. Accordingly, only the Adelaide airshed was
modelled as part of this review.
The study report recommended that:
• a higher resolution emissions inventory be developed
• TAPM be upgraded to version 4.0 and utilise the
TAPM Chemical Transport Model component for
future air toxics modelling over the next three
years as improved emissions inventory data
becomes available
• a targeted screening program be undertaken for
the verif ication of peak air toxics concentrations,
based on improved modelling outcomes
• the air toxics desktop analysis be repeated once
other recommendations have been implemented.
Further details on this study can be found in the
report titled Review of Air Toxics Desktop Analysis
for the National Environment Protection (Air Toxics)
Measure 2008, which was submitted to NEPC with
the 2007–08 Air Toxics NEPM Compliance Report.
SA
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 145
The SA EPA did not conduct any compliant monitoring
of air toxics during the 2007–08 reporting period
and as such, no results can be reported. However,
the results from an externally funded project by the
National Center for Environmental Toxicology, the
South Australian Department of Health and other
relevant interstate government departments were
released at the end of this reporting year. This study
examined PAH levels using a passive sampling
method at three sites within South Australia as
well as at multiple locations in other jurisdictions.
Sampling in South Australia was conducted at
Hindmarsh (identified stage 2 site S2_BAP_ADEL_1)
and at sites in Gawler and Mount Gambier.
The results of this study from a South Australian
perspective indicated that the annual benzo(a)pyrene
concentration at all three sites would conform with
the MIL, with the Hindmarsh concentration being
higher than that measured at Mount Gambier and
Gawler. However, a winter sample at Hindmarsh
suggested that benzo(a)pyrene concentrations above
the MIL are present. It should be noted that these
results were obtained using passive sampling methods
and while an excellent method for screening potential
sites, further investigations using NEPM approved
methods is recommended.
Ta
s–
AIR
TO
XIC
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8146
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Tasmanian Air Toxics NEPM is implemented
primarily through the Environment Division of the
Department of Environment, Parks Heritage and the
Arts (DEPHA). The enabling legislation is the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control
Act 1994 (EMPCA).
National Environment Protection Measures are adopted
as state policies under the State Policies and Projects
Act 1993. The Air Toxics NEPM was gazetted on
20 December 2004.
The Tasmanian Air Quality Strategy was adopted
in 2006.
Implementation activities
In accordance with the Tasmanian Air Quality Strategy
2006, and within the funding available, Tasmania is
in the process of developing a state-wide air quality
monitoring program to expand the information base
from which to evaluate the state’s air quality and
monitor trends. As outlined in the strategy the major
objectives of the program include upgrading of the
present monitoring system to meet the requirements
of both the Ambient Air Quality NEPM and the Air
Toxics NEPM.
The Tasmanian Air Quality Strategy, whilst strongly
focused on reducing particulate pollution in populated
air sheds, recognises the need to address air toxics.
Hence, the Tasmanian Government sees the issue of
air toxics as part of its overall strategy to manage and
improve air quality throughout the state and integral
with its programs to meet the National Environment
Protection Standards under the Ambient Air Quality
NEPM. There is strong evidence that by focussing
on the management of air borne particles as PM10
and PM2.5 in Tasmania’s major population centres
exposure to the current suite of air toxics will also
be reduced.
As required by Part 3, Clause 8 of the NEPM, Tasmania
has completed a desktop study for the Tamar Valley
(including Launceston) and Derwent Valley (Greater
Hobart) air sheds. Using the methodology developed
in 2005 by a Jurisdictional Working Party, the study
has identif ied Stage 1 and potential Stage 2 sites for
the monitoring of air toxics in these air sheds.
A funding submission to commence air toxics
monitoring from 2008 has been successful. A program
designed to prioritise multiple Stage 2 sites using
preliminary monitoring will commence in 2008.
Independently of the Air Toxics NEPM, the Tasmanian
Government has been undertaking some air monitoring
in the Tamar Valley since August 2006, as part of a
major study of baseline air quality associated with
the proposed pulp mill at Long Reach. As part of this
study high-volume 28–day integrated sampling of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and 7–day
integrated sampling of benzene, toluene, xylenes
(BTX) have been underway at Rowella. All measured
concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (marker for PAH)
are below the investigation level set in the Air Toxics
NEPM. All measured concentrations of BTX are below
the investigation levels set in the Air Toxics NEPM.
Fourteen-day integrated sampling of formaldehyde
has also been undertaken at eleven sites in the Tamar
Valley: Rowella, Deviot, Beauty Point, Riverside,
George Town, Pipers River, Bridport, Port, Sorell,
Tippogoree Hills, Evandale and Longford. All
measured concentrations of formaldehyde were below
the investigation level set in the Air Toxics NEPM.
The Tasmanian Government, in collaboration with its
industrial and local government partners, established
an air monitoring station in 2007 on the outskirts
of George Town. George Town is the second largest
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for Tasmania by the Hon. Michelle
O’Byrne MP, Minister for the Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
Ta
s–
AIR
TO
XIC
S
population centre in the Tamar Valley and is situated
adjacent to the heavy industrial area of Bell Bay.
The station monitors a suite of air pollutants in order
to better understand air quality in the region and the
nature of pollutant contributions from all sources
including domestic, industrial, transport, agricultural
and natural sources. From 2009 the Tasmanian
Government, will undertake high-volume 28–day
integrated sampling of PAH.
A funding submission to commence air toxics
monitoring from 2008 has been successful. A program
designed to prioritise multiple Stage 2 sites using
preliminary monitoring will commence in 2008.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Tasmanian Government is committed to the
management and improvement of air quality and
the issue of air toxics is integral to the strategy.
A desktop study has been completed. A range of air
toxics has been monitored in the Tamar Valley, as a
part of a specif ic program, using methodology that
does not follow NEPM protocols. All results are
below the monitoring investigation levels.
Funding for 2008 will enable a program of
preliminary monitoring aimed at confirming potential
Stage 2 sites.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has been effective as a driver in focussing
attention on the importance of monitoring air toxics
in the Tasmanian context.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This includes
results of desktop analysis identifying sites, any
monitoring that has taken place, and assessment and
action taken to manage air toxics (where exceedances
have been reported).
As required by Part 3, Clause 8 of the NEPM, Tasmania
has completed a desktop study for the Tamar Valley
(including Launceston) and Derwent Valley (Greater
Hobart) air sheds. Using the methodology developed
in 2005 by a Jurisdictional Working Party, the study
has identif ied Stage 1 and potential Stage 2 sites for
the monitoring of air toxics in these air sheds.
As no air toxics monitoring, compliant with the
requirements of the Air Toxics NEPM, has been
conducted to date by DEPHA in Tasmania, no results
can be reported at this time.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 147
AC
T –
AIR
TO
XIC
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8148
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The administrative framework for implementing the
NEPM is in place in the Australian Capital Territory
(ACT). Responsibility for the implementation
of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM rests with the
Environmental Protection & Heritage of the
Department of Territory and Municipal Services.
Implementation activities
In accordance with clause 8 of the NEPM the ACT has
undertaken its desktop analysis for the identif ication
of Stage 1 and 2 sites. This assessment was
undertaken in accordance with the nationally agreed
‘Desktop Analysis’ procedure. Only one Stage 1 site
was identif ied which was not subsequently identif ied
as a Stage 2 site.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The ACT has no plans for implementation activities
in the immediate future. However, in accordance with
clause 3(vi) of Schedule 2 the ACT will repeat the
desktop assessment of Stage 1 sites no later than the
end of the fourth year after the commencement of this
Measure. In undertaking this repeat procedure using
the same methodology utilised for the initial assessment.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
It is evident from undertaking the desktop analysis
that air toxics are not an issue in the ACT.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for the Australian Capital Territory by
Mr Jon Stanhope MLA, Minister for Environment, Water and Climate
Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
NT
– A
IR T
OX
ICS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 149
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 126)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Department of Natural Resources, Environment,
the Arts and Sport is responsible for implementation
of the NEPM in the Northern Territory through
provisions of the Waste Management and Pollution
Control Act 1998 and the National Environment
Protection Council (Northern Territory) Act 2004.
Implementation activities
The Northern Territory undertook a desktop study
in 2005 to identify Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites for the
purposes of meeting obligations under the NEPM.
No Stage 2 sites were identif ied and a long-term
monitoring program has not been implemented.
A nine month monitoring program was completed in
February 2006 to establish baseline conditions for
Darwin. The results indicated that there are very
low concentrations of benzene, toluene and xylenes
(ortho, meta and para), well below the investigation
levels set by the NEPM.
No further implementation activities were conducted
in 2007–08. Reassessment of Stage 1 and Stage 2 sites
may be required in the future, taking into account
industrial development in the Darwin region. According
to NEPM guidance, reassessment will be required by
2009 at the latest. This requirement will be considered
in establishing a comprehensive air quality monitoring
system in the Darwin region over 2008–09.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Previous studies indicate that concentrations of air
toxics are at very low levels, well below the monitoring
investigation levels of the NEPM. No monitoring or
further investigation has been undertaken in 2007–08.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has provided the impetus and
methodology for identifying sites most at risk of air
toxics in the NT. Associated monitoring in past years
has provided baseline data for further consideration.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Jurisdictions are required to submit a report in
accordance with clause 13 of the NEPM for the
reporting year ending 31 December 2007. This
includes results of desktop analysis identifying sites,
any monitoring that has taken place, and assessment
and action taken to manage air toxics (where
exceedances have been reported).
No additional Stage 1 or Stage 2 sites were identif ied
in the reporting period.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Air Toxics) Measure for the Northern Territory by the Hon.
Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources, Environment and
Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Ambient Air Quality NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8152
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
Ambient Air Quality
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure
Made by Council: 26 June 1998
Commencement Date: 8 July 1998
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. GN 27, 8 July 1998, p. 2211)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure is set out in clause 6
of the Measure as follows:
6. National environment protection goal
The National Environment Protection Goal
of this Measure is to achieve the National
Environment Protection Standards as assessed
in accordance with the monitoring protocol
(Part 4) within ten years from commencement
to the extent specif ied in Schedule 2 column 5.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure
is set out in clause 5 of the Measure as follows:
5. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is ambient air quality that allows for
the adequate protection of human health and
well–being.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 153
Cw
lth–
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Commonwealth by the
Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage and
the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Commonwealth implements the NEPM
administratively and ensures that its obligations
under the NEPC Act are met.
Implementation activities
As the Commonwealth does not have exclusive
legislative powers for any region with a population of
25 000 or more, there is no need for direct monitoring
action under the NEPM by the Commonwealth.
During the reporting year, the Commonwealth
undertook a range of implementation activities
comprising those activities that supported NEPM
development and those that directly contributed to
the achievement of the NEPM air quality standards.
NEPM support activities
The Commonwealth’s representative chaired and
supported the Ambient Air Quality NEPM Peer
Review Committee. The Committee reviewed the
annual jurisdictional compliance reports for national
consistency and met during the year to address
various technical and practical issues associated
with NEPM monitoring.
To improve access to air quality monitoring data
reported under the NEPM, the Commonwealth has
established a national air quality database. The main
focus for the database in the reporting year was on
acquiring and uploading jurisdictional monitoring
data for the period 2002–06. This dataset is nearly
complete. The database will be continually updated
with monitoring data submitted by jurisdictions as
part of their annual reporting under the NEPM. This
new database will provide improved access to
consistent national air quality data that will inform
future decisions on standard setting and management
strategies. The database is hosted and managed by the
Bureau of Meteorology.
Started in April 2006, the $1.4 million Clean Air
Research Programme (CARP) consists of thirteen
research projects that together investigate a wide
range of air quality issues. Experimental work on all
thirteen CARP projects was largely completed in the
reporting year. This three-year programme will be
completed in 2008 and the f indings will be discussed
at a workshop planned for late 2008 involving air
quality scientists and policy experts. Findings will
assist the future development and implementation
of the NEPM.
Activities to achieve standards
The Commonwealth undertook various activities in
2007 to assist compliance with NEPM standards,
focusing primarily on motor vehicles, wood heaters
and selected non-road engines (e.g. garden equipment
and outboard motors).
The Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional
Development and Local Government is responsible
for implementing vehicle emission standards. During
the year, more stringent (Euro 4) emission standards
were fully implemented for light duty diesel vehicles.
The Australian Government Department of the
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts administers
the Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000. These standards
currently apply to petrol, diesel, biodiesel and autogas
supplied in Australia. A national fuel grade standard
for the ethanol that can be blended with petrol, up
to a maximum level of ten per cent, was introduced
on 28 June 2008. During the year, work continued
on the management of biofuels, including a study
commissioned on the health effects of ethanol blend
petrol and the release of a position paper on proposed
management of diesel/biodiesel blends.
The Commonwealth monitors fuel at outlets including
terminals, depots and service stations to ensure it
complies with the standards. It is spending $6.3 million
to increase fuel quality compliance inspections over
four years from 2006–07. In 2007–08, 4214 fuel
samples were taken by inspectors, almost doubling
the previous year’s 2321 samples. The first conviction
under the Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000 was
recorded which resulted in a company receiving a
fine totalling $150 000. The Act’s injunction powers
were used for the f irst time to restrain a company
from supplying petrol with ethanol in excess of 10%.
A comprehensive petrol vehicle testing program is
underway, through the $2.5 million second phase of
the National In-Service Emissions study. Results
from this study will provide more accurate
information on the contribution of petrol vehicles
to urban air pollution.
The Commonwealth is leading work, through the
EPHC, to consider options for managing emissions
from a range of non-road engines, including lawn-
mowers and other garden equipment, and outboard
motors. During 2007–08, the Commonwealth
commissioned a pilot study to compare emissions
from garden engines certif ied to overseas standards
and uncertif ied engines and prepared a cost-benefit
analysis of the regulatory and non-regulatory options
for managing emissions from these engines.
Woodheaters are the major source of particle
pollution in many regions of Australia. The
Commonwealth is leading work, under the EPHC,
to develop a nationally consistent approach to wood
heater management. It is currently undertaking a
detailed assessment of regulatory options. During
2007, the Commonwealth also conducted a survey
of wood heater operator behaviour to help inform
measures for improving the in-service performance
of wood heaters.
During the reporting year, funding was provided to
Launceston City Council to help improve air quality
through a wood heater buy-back program for the
Tamar Valley. This work complements projects being
delivered under the Launceston Clean Air Industry
Program to reduce emissions from some of the major
industrial sources of particle pollution. To date, two
facilities, a brewery and a sawmill, have completed
installation of new equipment that will signif icantly
reduce emissions.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Commonwealth supports the implementation of
the NEPM with initiatives that are aimed at reducing
the impact of air pollution in urban areas, these
initiatives include:
• implementation of new vehicle emission and fuel
quality standards, including compliance and
enforcement activities, to ensure that pollutant
emissions from vehicles continue to decline
• taking a lead role in efforts to reduce emissions
from other priority sources, such as wood heaters
and non-road engines
• undertaking research on priority air quality issues
so that pollution management strategies can be
better targeted
• developing tools, such as the national air quality
database, to assist future decisions on standard
setting and management strategies.
Further information is available at the Department
of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
website: <www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/
airquality>.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Standards set by the NEPM provide for shared
objectives to guide air quality management and
monitoring programs across Australia. The six criteria
pollutants targeted by the NEPM have provided the
focus for the Commonwealth’s investment in air quality
management initiatives. As a result of these and other
initiatives, overall urban air quality in Australia
continues to improve.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The Commonwealth’s monitoring plan was approved
as consistent with the NEPM on 29 June 2001. Under
this plan, the Commonwealth is not required to monitor
any area under its jurisdiction.
The monitoring plan for the Commonwealth is
available from <www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/
airquality/publications/cmp.html>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8154
Cw
lth
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NSW State Plan, released in November 2006,
includes Priority E3: Cleaner Air and Progress on
Greenhouse Gas Reductions, with a target for air
of meeting the national air quality goals under the
Ambient Air Quality NEPM. Under the State Plan,
lead agencies for each priority are required to work
with partner agencies to develop and implement
plans to deliver on each priority. The Department
of Environment and Climate Change (DECC) is the
lead agency on the air and greenhouse priority.
Action for Air, the NSW Government’s Air Quality
Management Plan for Sydney, the Lower Hunter and
the Illawarra, is the main instrument for bringing
NSW into compliance with the State Plan cleaner air
priority and NEPM goals. First released in 1998 and
updated in Action for Air: 2006 Update, this is a
25–year plan that is reviewed regularly to assess
achievements and the need for adaptation of control
strategies. Action for Air sets out a program of
measures that target the pollutants of most concern
in the region—ground level ozone in summer and
particles. It covers strategies designed to reduce
emissions from industry, motor vehicles and
domestic/commercial sources.
The main piece of legislation for controlling major
sources of air emissions is the Protection of the
Environment Operations Act 1997. Under the Act,
The Clean Air Regulation 2002 deals with motor
vehicles, fuels, domestic solid fuel heaters, open
burning and sets the minimum performance level for
industrial emissions. The Regulation was updated
in 2005 to tighten controls on industrial emissions,
introduce controls on VOC emissions, and require
industry to meet the latest standards when replacing
or modifying old equipment. To reduce pollution
below the level required by the Regulation or licences,
a ‘load-based licensing’ system, setting additional
licence fees for major emitters based on pollution
load, was introduced in 1999. The fees for emitting
pollutants into the air were increased in 2004 for the
state’s top emitters, to increase the incentive to abate
their air emissions.
Implementation activities
The NSW Ambient Air Quality NEPM Monitoring
Plan details the monitoring that NSW performs to
assess compliance with the Ambient Air Quality
NEPM. The majority of monitoring occurs in the
high population regions of Sydney, Newcastle and
Wollongong. These regions contain over 60% of the
NSW population. Campaign monitoring is also
performed at a number of rural population centres.
The network is designed to characterise general
air quality and frequently will pick up individual
pollutant events. This approach ensures that there is
adequate coverage of the populated areas and of the
broad differences in pollutant distribution within
a region. The choice of stations in each region was
made to optimise both population coverage and
representation of the occurrences of higher pollutant
concentration.
NSW characterises the air quality to which the
general population is exposed in a region by
monitoring all air pollutants of interest at a network
of trend stations. These stations capture the majority
of pollution events that occur from time to time, but
are supplemented by additional permanent upper
bound stations at which selected pollutants only
will be monitored to ensure that all major pollutant
events are captured and reported.
Campaign monitoring will be undertaken in regional
centres. Initial monitoring is occurring at Albury,
Wagga Wagga, Bathurst and Tamworth. Data from
these stations will be used to validate and review the
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 155
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for New South Wales by the
Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the Environment
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
screening measures applied to the urban centres
outside the Sydney–Wollongong–Newcastle regions.
During 2007, NSW monitored for compliance with
the Ambient Air Quality NEPM for the majority
of pollutants at eight trend stations (T), selected
individual pollutants at four additional permanent
upper bound stations or performance stations (P), and
selected pollutants on a campaign basis at a further
seven stations (C) in Sydney, the lower Hunter and
provincial cities.
Data collected at these stations are reported in
accordance with Clauses 11, 17 and 18 of the NEPM.
The detailed compliance report for the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM for 2007 has been provided to NEPC.
This report provides detailed information such as
methods of measurement, summary statistical
analysis and descriptions of circumstances that led
to exceedences of NEPM standards.
As required under Clause 12 of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM, the DECC is accredited by the
National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA)
for the measurement of all Ambient Air Quality
NEPM parameters.
Activities to achieve standards
In 2007–08, the NSW Government continued to
implement a suite of strategies directed towards
reducing exceedences of ozone and particle standards
in order to meet the NEPM goals.
The Air Emissions Inventory for the NSW Greater
Metropolitan Region (GMR), a detailed listing of
pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by each
source type, was publicly released in November 2007.
The inventory, together with stakeholder consultations
held throughout 2007, supported the review of Action
for Air being undertaken in 2008. The stakeholder
consultations culminated in a major public forum
in November 2007, with the theme of ‘Clean Air,
Cool Climate’. The proceedings can be found at
<www.environment.nsw.gov.au/air/actionforair/caf
2007.htm>.
The NSW Cleaner Vehicles and Fuels Strategy, which
outlines ten major initiatives to address vehicle and
fuel emissions, was released in draft at the Clean Air
Forum in November 2007 and is available in f inal
form at: <www.environment.nsw.gov.au/air/actionforair/
drftcvfstrat.htm>.
Key actions in 2007–08 under the Strategy included:
• Vapour Recovery at Service Stations—In November
2007, the government approved the introduction
of Stage 2 vapour recovery to capture vapour
when motorists refuel at the bowser in areas of the
Greater Metropolitan Region and the extension of
Stage 1 vapour recovery from underground storage
tanks as they are f illed. Implementation will be
by regulatory amendment.
• NSW Diesel Retrofit Program—The NSW Diesel
Retrofit program was introduced with a pilot in
2005 and subsequently expanded. By the end of
2007, 200 vehicles had been retrofitted. Councils
have been invited to participate in expansion of
this program whereby the government and vehicle
owners share the cost of retrofitting particle f ilters
to in-service diesel vehicles. A total of around
850 vehicles will be retrofitted.
The NSW Government’s $5 million Clean Air, Healthy
Communities Program funds a range of initiatives
to improve air quality. As well as the vehicle actions
above, the program supported implementation in
2007–08 of the wood heater strategy. DECC delivered
woodsmoke reduction workshops for councils in the
winters of 2007 and 2008, in Sydney and regional
NSW. The strategy also promotes use of planning
controls to support correct heater installation and
restrictions on heaters in inappropriate locations.
Accordingly, the gazetted development control plans
for the western Sydney Growth Centres, Oran Park
and Turner Road prohibit open f ireplaces and slow
combustion stoves, in order to protect local and
regional air quality.
The Department of Environment and Climate Change
is also addressing the increasing signif icance of
commercial and domestic activities as sources of
total emissions, particularly VOCs. In combination,
these small service-oriented industries and household
sources are responsible for 40% of VOC emissions
in the Sydney region and 39% of VOC emissions in
the GMR as a whole. NSW has held discussions with
the Commonwealth and other jurisdictions to support
the development of national approaches on product
emissions and is leading a working group to develop
a national approach on reducing emissions from
products such as paints and solvents.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8156
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
Implementation summary and evaluation
New South Wales continues to progress implementation
of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM. Carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide levels all met the
standards and the goals in 2007. New South Wales
no longer routinely monitors lead as a result of the
consistently low levels being recorded.
Most areas of NSW met the NEPM goals for PM10
in 2007. Only Albury and Wagga Wagga recorded
more PM10 exceedences than the f ive allowed by the
standard. The local conditions associated with the
exceedences are discussed in Part 3 below.
Ozone, in particular, remains a major challenge for
NSW with Sydney again recording more than the
allowable one exceedence of the 1–hour and 4–hour
standards. While a range of strategies have been
successfully introduced to reduce emissions, population
growth and continued growth in motor vehicle
ownership and use continue to place pressure on air
quality in major urban areas.
Until the outcomes of the 3–year PM2.5 Equivalence
Program are assessed and incorporated into the
Ambient Air Quality NEPM, the continuous TEOM
PM2.5 data are reported here as an interim measure
only. Hence, any comparisons with the advisory
reporting standards using this data are not strictly
in accordance with the Ambient Air Quality NEPM
variation.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The data presented in Part 4 of this report demonstrates
that NSW achieved compliance with the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM goals for all pollutants except ozone
and particles. Levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide and sulfur dioxide continue to be well below
Ambient Air Quality NEPM standards. Monitoring
for lead as a regional pollutant ceased in NSW from
1 January 2005 in response to the extremely low
concentrations of lead found in ambient air.
Data availability criteria were not met at the following
sites for the reasons detailed:
• Prospect station (replacing the Blacktown
monitoring site which closed in June 2004 due to
the sale of the land for residential development)
opened only in February 2007
• the Newcastle station was damaged in the June 2007
Newcastle floods and was not re-opened until
December 2007
• Bathurst station’s ozone monitor was withdrawn at
the end of the monitoring campaign in August 2007
• instrument failures at Chullora (carbon monoxide),
Albion Park South (sulfur dioxide and PM10),
Wollongong (sulfur dioxide), Wallsend (sulfur
dioxide) and Tamworth (PM10).
Albury and Wagga Wagga all recorded more PM10
exceedences than the 5 allowed by the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM goal. The Victorian bushfire emergency
and f ires in the Snowy Mountains in January and
February 2007 contributed to 17 of the 39 exceedences
for PM10 in the Albury and Wagga Wagga region.
Elevated PM10 levels occur more frequently at Wagga
Wagga than elsewhere in the monitoring network in
NSW. During 2007, the standard was exceeded on
34 days. On 23 of these days, Wagga Wagga was the
only station in NSW to report PM10 levels higher
than the standard. These exceedences were heavily
influenced by the continuing drought conditions and
by agricultural activities such as stubble burning and
broad acre cultivation.
All stations in the Illawarra region complied with the
NSW goal for ozone. The Lower Hunter region and
the regional centre of Bathurst did not demonstrate
compliance due to data availability issues. In the
Sydney Region, 9 of the 14 air monitoring stations
recorded exceedences for either or both the 1–hour
or 4–hour ozone goals. Overall, there were 5 calendar
days where the 1–hour ozone standard was exceeded
and 11 calendar days above the 4–hour standard.
Meeting the Ambient Air Quality NEPM standards
for ozone will be a signif icant challenge for Sydney,
given pressures from a growing population, urban
expansion and the associated increase in motor vehicle
use. The particle (as PM10) goal presents a similar
challenge in NSW, particularly in rural population
centres where agricultural activities and a combination
of topography, climate and relatively high use of
solid fuel heaters produce elevated levels of particles
in autumn and winter. Programs under the government’s
air quality management plan, Action for Air, aim to
move NSW towards ozone and particle levels that will
achieve compliance with the Ambient Air Quality
NEPM goals.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 157
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8158
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Sydney
Chullora 0 Not demonstrated
Liverpool 0 Met
Macarthur 0 Met
Prospect 0 Not demonstrated
Rozelle 0 Met
Illawarra
Wollongong 0 Met
Lower Hunter
Newcastle 0 Not demonstrated
Data availability criteria were not met at Chullora (instrument problems), Prospect (site commissioned in February 2007)
and Newcastle (off-line for five months due to flood damage).
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
The Ambient Air Quality NEPM goals provide
an additional impetus for the implementation of
strategies and a benchmark against which programs
to manage the air environment can be assessed.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE
NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met
at each monitoring station. The standards, with
accompanying definitions and explanations, appear in
Schedule 2 of the NEPM. For averaging times shorter
than one year, compliance with the NEPM goal is
achieved if the standard for a pollutant is exceeded
on no more than a specif ied number of days in a
calendar year (one day per year for all pollutants
except PM10, which may be exceeded no more than
five days per year) and at least 75% of data is
captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail at
<www.environment.nsw.gov.au/air/datareports.htm>.
The monitoring plan for New South Wales is
available from <www.environment.nsw.gov.au/air/
nepm/index.htm>.
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Sydney
Bringelly 0 Met 0.006 Met
Chullora 0 Met 0.013 Met
Liverpool 0 Met 0.012 Met
Macarthur 0 Met 0.011 Met
Prospect 0 Not demonstrated 0.012 Not demonstrated
Richmond 0 Met 0.006 Met
Rozelle 0 Met 0.012 Met
Illawarra
Albion Park South 0 Met 0.004 Met
Wollongong 0 Met 0.009 Met
Lower Hunter
Newcastle 0 Not demonstrated 0.007 Not demonstrated
Wallsend 0 Met 0.008 Met
Data availability criteria were not met at Prospect (site commissioned in February 2007) and Newcastle (off-line for five months due
to flood damage).
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 159
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8160
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
Sydney
Bringelly 4 Not met 4 Not met
Chullora 0 Met 0 Met
Liverpool 2 Not met 2 Not met
Macarthur 3 Not met 7 Not met
Oakdale 4 Not met 6 Not met
Prospect 0 Not demonstrated 1 Not demonstrated
Richmond 1 Met 3 Not met
Rozelle 0 Met 0 Met
St Marys 3 Not met 4 Not met
Illawarra
Albion Park South 0 Met 1 Met
Kembla Grange 0 Met 1 Met
Wollongong 0 Met 0 Met
Lower Hunter
Newcastle 0 Not demonstrated 0 Not demonstrated
Wallsend 0 Met 0 Met
Regional NSW
Bathurst 0 Not demonstrated 0 Not demonstrated
Data availability criteria were not met at Prospect (site commissioned in February 2007), Newcastle (off-line for f ive months due
to flood damage) and Bathurst (campaign f inalised August 2007).
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
Pb Lead(NEPM standard 1 year = 0.50μg/m3)
NSW began phasing out ambient lead monitoring for the AAQ NEPM during 2004. All lead monitoring ceased from 1 January 2005.
All regions do not require monitoring on the basis of screening arguments that lead levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the AAQ NEPM standard and are assessed as complying with the standard and goal.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 161
1 Hour 1 Day 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Sydney
Bringelly 0 Met 0 Met 0.000 Met
Chullora 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
Macarthur 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
Prospect 0 Not 0 Not 0.001 Not demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Richmond 0 Met 0 Met 0.000 Met
IllawarraAlbion Park 0 Not 0 Not 0.001 Not South demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Wollongong 0 Not 0 Not 0.001 Not demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Lower HunterNewcastle 0 Not 0 Not 0.001 Not
demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Wallsend 0 Not 0 Not 0.001 Not demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated
Data availability criteria were not met at Prospect (site commissioned in February 2007), Newcastle (off-line for f ive months due to
flood damage), Albion Park South (instrument problems), Wollongong (instrument problems) and Wallsend (instrument problems).
SO2Sulfur dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.20ppm, 1 day = 0.08ppm, 1 year = 0.02ppm)
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8162
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Sydney
Bringelly 1 Met
Chullora 2 Met
Liverpool 1 Met
Macarthur 1 Met
Oakdale 0 Met
Prospect 0 Not demonstrated
Richmond 0 Met
Rozelle 1 Met
Illawarra
Albion Park South 1 Not demonstrated
Kembla Grange 3 Met
Wollongong 3 Met
Lower Hunter
Beresfield 5 Met
Newcastle 2 Not demonstrated
Regional NSW
Albury 11 Not met
Bathurst 2 Met
Tamworth 0 Not demonstrated
Wagga Wagga 34 Not met
Data are not adjusted for temperature. Data availability criteria were not met at Prospect (site commissioned in February 2007), Newcastle
(off-line for f ive months due to flood damage), Albion Park South (instrument problems) and Tamworth (instrument problems).
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences (µg/m3)
Sydney
Earlwood 0 9.1
Liverpool 1 10.4
Illawarra
Wollongong 1 9.1
Lower Hunter
Beresfield 1 9.5
Wallsend 0 9.0
Continuous TEOM values are reported here as an interim measure until the outcomes of the 3–year PM2.5 Equivalence Program have
been formally included in the Principal Measure as outlined in the variation to the AAQ NEPM (2003).
Hence, any comparison with the advisory reporting standards using TEOM data is not strictly in accordance with the AAQ NEPM
variation until the results of the PM2.5 Equivalence Program are assessed and incorporated into the AAQ NEPM.
TEOM data are not adjusted for temperature but include the USEPA PM10 adjustment (Y = A + Bx, where A = 3.0 and B = 1.03).
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 163
NS
W –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8164
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The State Environment Protection Policy (Ambient
Air Quality) [SEPP (AAQ)] and State Environment
Protection Policy (Air Quality Management) [SEPP
(AQM)] provide the statutory framework for the
management of emissions to the air environment in
Victoria. SEPP (AAQ) incorporates the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM into a statutory framework in Victoria.
In addition to the standards and goals in the AAQ
NEPM, the SEPP (AAQ) also includes ambient air
quality objectives for visibility reducing particles.
The SEPP (AQM) was revised in 2001 and provides
a modern statutory policy framework to ensure that
the environmental quality objectives of SEPP (AAQ)
(and hence the AAQ NEPM) are met, to drive
continuous improvement in air quality, and to achieve
the cleanest air possible having regard to the social
and economic development of Victoria. It also aims
to support Victorian and national measures to address
the enhanced greenhouse effect and depletion of the
ozone layer.
PM10, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide and lead are classif ied as Class 1 indicators
in SEPP (AQM). PM2.5 is currently classif ied as a
Class 2 indicator. Emissions of all these pollutants
must be controlled by application of best practice.
In determining what constitutes best practice, the
wastes hierarchy must be taken into consideration in
the management of emissions with avoidance being
the primary aim. Technology is only one aspect of
the management requirements.
The SEPP (AQM) contains two types of criteria to
assess the potential health risks posed by exposure
to air pollutants:
1. Design Criteria—these are modelling tools that
are applied in the design stage of a facility or
expansion of a facility. They are based on either
toxicity or, if more stringent, the odour threshold
of a pollutant. They apply to individual industrial
emissions and are therefore conservative in nature.
2. Intervention Levels—these are local air quality
objectives that apply to cumulative sources of
emissions. If exceeded, further investigation of
the cause is required and a neighbourhood
environment improvement plan may be triggered.
The design criteria established in the SEPP (AQM)
for the pollutants covered by the AAQ NEPM are
based on toxicity. Design criteria exist for many of
the precursors of ozone formation.
Victoria also has a Waste Management Policy (Solid
Fuel Burning) that requires domestic wood heaters to
comply with Australian Standards for emissions. This
policy aims at reducing emissions of particles from
domestic home heating to assist in the meeting of the
standards for PM10 and PM2.5.
The Environment Protection (Vehicle Emissions)
Regulations 2003 are the primary legislative tool
under the Environment Protection Act 1970 that
addresses the in-service performance of the motor
vehicle fleet in Victoria. These Regulations were
reviewed in 2002 and remade in February 2003.
EPA Victoria’s Works Approval and Licensing system
requires industry to demonstrate that the requirements
of SEPP (AQM) are met and that the beneficial uses
of the environment in Victoria are protected. In
assessing this, the impacts on local and regional air
quality are considered.
Implementation activities
A number of activities have been undertaken to ensure
that Victoria continues to meet the standards set out
in the Ambient Air Quality NEPM and improves
regional air quality. Performance monitoring stations
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for Victoria by the Hon. Gavin
Jennings MLC, Minister for Environment and Climate Change for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 165
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
operated continuously throughout the year and
campaign monitoring was conducted to fulf il
commitments in Victoria’s monitoring plan.
In addition to the performance monitoring stations
specified in the monitoring plan, a twelve-month mobile
monitoring campaign commenced at Warrnambool
in October 2006 and ceased in October 2007.
PM2.5 has been monitored by the reference method
(on a one day in three basis) at two stations (Alphington
and Footscray). Victoria also participates in the PM2.5
Equivalence Program, with TEOM monitors co-located
with reference samplers at Alphington and Footscray.
Analysis of the data has commenced to inform the
review of the AAQ NEPM currently underway.
The implementation activities undertaken in 2007–08
are in accordance with expected progress in fulf illing
commitments in Victoria’s monitoring plan. To monitor
compliance with the standards, EPA Victoria will:
• continue to employ the available resources
to best meet the requirements outlined in the
monitoring plan
• progress towards implementing its commitments
to monitoring in regional Victoria.
A program to upgrade the monitoring network
continued during 2007–08 with major refurbishments
to all monitoring stations in Victoria’s monitoring
network completed by mid 2008.
EPA Victoria also continued its programs aimed at
reducing the impact of domestic wood heating on air
quality. This included:
• continued auditing of retailers selling wood heaters
to ensure heaters complied with the requirements
of the Waste Management Policy (Solid Fuel Heating)
• coordinated an industry survey on the trial
certif ication arrangements for manufacturers
of wood heaters in Australia.
Programs to reduce pollution arising from the use of
motor vehicles continued to be a focus. Many of the
actions were also related to the implementation of the
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM and included:
• contracts with Kangan-Batman Institute of
Technology for the supply of Training for Diesel
Mechanics on the maintenance of heavy vehicles
as related to emissions performance (part of Diesel
Vehicle Emissions NEPM implementation)
• commissioning of a test training facility for diesel
mechanics at Kangan-Batman Institute of Technology
(part of Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
implementation)
• entering into contracts for in-service emissions
testing station for diesel vehicles through Vipac
Engineers and Scientists (part of Diesel Vehicle
Emissions NEPM)
• signif icant work with local government to
implement programs that will lead to reductions
in diesel emissions (part of Diesel Vehicle
Emissions NEPM implementation).
EPA Victoria continued its smoky vehicle programs
with 6443 public reports received in the 2007–08
financial year. The EPA also operates a smoky vehicle
enforcement program where EPA or police officers
can report vehicles identif ied as continuously
emitting smoke for longer than 10 seconds. The f ines
issued for operating a smoky vehicle are $500 for
an individual and $1000 for a company. In 2007–08,
946 warning letters were issued under this program.
Fines are issued only to repeat offenders.
Victoria continues to participate in Land Transport
Environment Committee and the Fuel Standards
Consultative Committee.
Mining and extractive industries can be a signif icant
source of particles in urban and regional centres in
Victoria. As part of the implementation of the SEPP
(AQM) a Protocol for Environmental Management
(PEM) was developed to establish an assessment and
management framework, including the need for ongoing
monitoring and reactive management plans, for these
industries in Victoria. The PEM forms the statutory
basis for assessing and managing emissions from this
industry sector in Victoria and is an incorporated
document to SEPP (AQM). The PEM was made by
EPA Victoria in December 2007 and gazetted in
February 2008.
Smoke from bushfires and planned burns conducted
for fire management purposes can impact significantly
on air quality in Victoria. Managing the impact of
smoke from these fires will become a bigger challenge
with the influence of climate change predicted to lead
to a greater risk of more frequent and severe bushfires
for the state. EPA Victoria is working closely with
other government agencies, including the Department
of Human Services (DHS) and Department of
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8166
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Sustainability and Environment (DSE), to provide
warnings to communities about the impact of smoke
on their health and provide advice on what they can
do to reduce their exposure to smoke. EPA and DHS
have also developed a tool whereby communities can
assess their own air quality so that informed decisions
can be made about what they can do to avoid
potential health impacts associated with exposure to
smoke. EPA will continue to work with DSE on using
predictive tools to minimise the impact of smoke
from planned burns on regional communities as well
as the Port Phillip airshed.
Victoria is chairing the review of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM that commenced in 2005. As an input
to the review Victoria continues to co-chair (with
AHMAC) the EPHC Standard Setting Working Group
that is tasked with developing a nationally agreed
methodology to setting air quality standards. This
work is a critical input to the review of the NEPM.
Victoria is also on the project management committee
for the EPHC Air Pollution and Children’s Health
Study that is an important input to the review of the
Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Victorian Government is strongly committed
to improving air quality in Victoria. SEPP (AQM)
provides a framework for the management of sources
of emissions, including emissions from diffuse
sources as well as industrial emissions. It emphasises
the importance of avoiding the generation of emissions
in the f irst place, and requires all generators of
emissions of wastes to air to apply best practice
to the management of those emissions.
The SEPP (AQM) implementation program has
involved working with a wide variety of generators of
emissions of wastes to air to minimise their emissions
and, therefore, plays a signif icant role in achieving
the desired environmental outcomes. Activities
undertaken as part of this program have been directed
particularly at motor vehicles, industry, and domestic
wood heating.
The activities undertaken through the monitoring
program will also assist in evaluating the effectiveness
of the implementation of SEPP (AQM).
Satisfactory progress has been made on the
implementation of Victoria’s monitoring plan.
Victoria’s monitoring results for 2007 indicated that:
• the goal of the AAQ NEPM, to achieve by 2008
the standards to the extent specif ied, was met for
O3, CO, NO2 and SO2 at all monitoring stations
where there was sufficient data capture to assess
compliance
• PM10 exceeded the standard and goal at several
monitoring stations in the Port Phillip region, mainly
due to the impacts of bushfires that burned for an
extended period. Windblown dust also accounted
for a number of exceedances
• the 24–hour advisory reporting standard for particles
(as PM2.5) was exceeded at the two stations in the
Port Phillip region—Alphington and Footscray. The
annual reporting standard was met at both sites
• the high data capture rates required to demonstrate
compliance with the AAQ NEPM goals were
achieved in all stations that operated continuously
throughout the year.
Victoria has an ongoing program to increase data
capture through improvements to systems and
instrument upgrades.
Victoria continues to work closely with the Peer
Review Committee to ensure that Victoria’s
monitoring and reporting procedures are consistent
with other states and territories.
EPA Victoria will continue to work with DHS and
DSE on using predictive tools to minimise the impact
of smoke from planned burns on regional communities
and the Port Phillip airshed, as well as providing
timely advice to communities to minimise the health
impacts arising from exposure to smoke from
bushfires and planned burns.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
In an international context, Melbourne’s air quality
(compared to similar urban centres) remains relatively
good. There has been little change in air quality over
the past decade despite increasing pressures such as
population growth.
In 2007, the goal of the AAQ NEPM, to achieve by
2008 the standards to the extent specif ied, was met
for O3, CO, NO2 and SO2 at all monitoring stations
where there was sufficient data capture to assess
compliance. Exceedances of the particle (both PM10
and PM2.5) standards were observed at most stations.
These exceedances were largely associated with
bushfire smoke.
The major impact on Victoria’s air quality in 2007
came from the bushfires experienced in January.
Windblown dust and accumulation of combustion
particles in calm, highly stable air also resulted in
days when the particle standards were not met. At
other times, Victoria’s air was generally clean.
EPA Victoria performed monitoring in accordance
with Victoria’s monitoring plan, AAQ NEPM technical
papers and the EPA’s National Association of Testing
Authorities (NATA) accreditation.
The data capture targets were achieved at all stations
that operated for the full year. Where stations operated
for less than the full twelve months, data capture for
the period they did operate was consistent with the
targets. While reduced data capture limited the number
of stations at which compliance could be demonstrated
for each pollutant, information available from such
reduced monitoring periods was generally consistent
with that reported above.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met
at each monitoring station. The standards, with
accompanying definitions and explanations, appear
in Schedule 2 of the NEPM. For averaging times
shorter than one year, compliance with the NEPM
goal is achieved if the standard for a pollutant is
exceeded on no more than a specif ied number of days
in a calendar year (one day per year for all pollutants
except PM10, which may be exceeded no more than
five days per year) and at least 75% of data is
captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in EPA
Publication 1231, Air monitoring report 2007—
compliance with the National Environment Protection
(Ambient Air Quality) Measure, available from
<www.epa.vic.gov.au>.
The monitoring plan for Victoria is available from
<www.epa.vic.gov.au>—EPA Publication 763, Ambient
Air Quality NEPM monitoring plan Victoria.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 167
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Port Phillip
Alphington 0 Met
Geelong South 0 Met
Richmond 0 Met
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the relevant AAQ NEPM standard: Latrobe Valley, Ballarat, Bendigo, Shepparton, Warrnambool, Wodonga, Mildura.
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8168
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Port Phillip
Alphington 0 Met 0.011 Met
Brighton 0 Met 0.009 Met
Footscray 0 Met 0.012 Met
Geelong South 0 Met 0.006 Met
Point Cook 0 Met 0.004 Met
Latrobe Valley
Moe 0 Met 0.007 Met
Traralgon 0 Met 0.006 Met
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the relevant AAQ NEPM standard: Ballarat, Bendigo, Shepparton, Warrnambool, Wodonga, Mildura.
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
Port Phillip
Alphington 1 Met 1 Met
Brighton 1 Met 1 Met
Dandenong 1 Met 1 Met
Footscray 1 Met 1 Met
Geelong South 0 Met 0 Met
Meltona 0 Not demonstrated 0 Not demonstrated
Mooroolbark 0 Met 0 Met
Point Cook 0 Met 1 Met
Point Henry 1 Met 1 Met
Latrobe Valley
Moe 0 Met 1 Met
Traralgon 0 Met 1 Met
Warrnamboolb 0 Not demonstrated 0 Not demonstrated
a Data loss due to equipment failure.
b Campaign monitoring ceased at Warrnambool in October 2007.
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently below the
relevant AAQ NEPM standard: Bendigo, Mildura, Shepparton, Warrnambool, Wodonga.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 169
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
YPb Lead
Victoria ceased monitoring lead in Melbourne at the end of 2004. All regions do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows
pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently below the relevant NEPM standard and are assessed as complying with the
standard and goal.
1 Hour 1 Day 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance average compliance
(ppm)
Port Phillip
Alphington 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 0
Altona North 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 0
Geelong South 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 0
Latrobe Valley
Moe 0 Met 0 Met 0.002 0
Traralgon 0 Met 0 Met 0.003 0
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently below
the relevant AAQ NEPM standard: Ballarat, Bendigo, Shepparton, Warrnambool, Wodonga, Mildura.
SO2Sulfur dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.20ppm, 1 day = 0.08ppm, 1 year = 0.02ppm)
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Port Phillip
Alphington 2 Met
Brighton 1 Met
Dandenong 5 Met
Footscray 4 Met
Geelong South 14 Not met
Mooroolbark 11 Not met
Richmond 3 Met
Latrobe Valley
Moe 13 Not met
Traralgon 5 Met
Warrnamboola 0 Not demonstrated
Monitoring was by TEOM.
a Campaign monitoring ceased at Warrnambool in October 2007.
Screening arguments that PM10 levels are reasonably expected to be consistently below the relevant AAQ NEPM standard have not been
satisf ied for other regions (i.e. Ballarat, Bendigo, Shepparton, Wodonga and Mildura). These are assessed as ‘not demonstrated’.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8170
Vic
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Year
Station Number of exceedences Annual average (µg/m3)
Port Phillip
Alphington 3 8.0
Footscray 1 7.4
Monitoring by reference method (one-day-in-three).
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 171
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for Queensland by the Hon.
Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change and
Innovation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In Queensland, the Ambient Air Quality NEPM is
implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) under the Environmental Protection Act 1994
and the Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997.
A Special Agreement Act, the Mount Isa Mines
Limited Agreement Act 1985, currently sets operational
performance criteria for sulfur dioxide levels in
Mount Isa, which are different to levels contained
within the Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
With respect to regional management of air quality in
South East Queensland, the Queensland Government
released the South East Queensland Regional Plan in
June 2005 to provide a sustainable growth management
strategy for South East Queensland to the year 2026.
The plan notes that air is a vital natural asset that plays
a key role in ensuring the health of the community,
protecting the environment and fostering economic
development. A key policy principle it contains is
managing urban settlement and the use of transport,
industry, energy and natural resources to minimise
adverse impacts on the atmosphere.
Key features of the plan include:
• developing an urban form that minimises the demand
for transport by ensuring that residents have easy
access by walking or cycling to employment, retail
centres, government services, medical facilities
and leisure opportunities
• improving transport eff iciency by improving
facilities for public transport, cycling and walking,
and by upgrading the road network
• encouraging the use of more eff icient and lower-
emitting modes of transport through education,
information and economic incentives.
The regional plan is supported by the South East
Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program
2008–2026, which was released by the Queensland
Government in June 2008. The infrastructure plan
identifies specific projects to improve the availability,
eff iciency and effectiveness of public transport,
cycling and walking facilities; and to reduce traff ic
congestion. When completed, these projects will
increase the number of trips taken by public transport,
cycling and walking, and reduce motor vehicle
emissions by eliminating congestion and stop-start
traff ic conditions. Taken collectively, these projects
will signif icantly reduce transport-related air
emissions in South East Queensland.
The Queensland Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Plan (the Monitoring Plan) details how Queensland
proposes to monitor air quality for the purpose of the
NEPM as required under Part 4 (10) of the NEPM.
The Monitoring Plan is prepared by the Queensland
EPA and approved by a national Peer Review
Committee, reporting to the National Environment
Protection Council Committee, which is tasked with
reviewing jurisdictions’ monitoring plans.
Implementation activities
During the reporting period, monitoring was
conducted in six of the ten regions identif ied in the
Monitoring Plan. Of the nineteen sites nominated
in the monitoring plan, eleven were operational in
2007–08. Commitments under the NEPM PM2.5
Equivalency Program and other monitoring priorities
have delayed implementation of the schedule outlined
in the monitoring plan in four regional centres.
Campaign monitoring of ozone in Gladstone ceased
in 2006 after f ive years of measurements showed
ozone concentrations consistently below 75% of the
NEPM standards. The South East Queensland carbon
monoxide trend monitoring site was relocated from
the Brisbane CBD to Woolloongabba in 2005 when
a change of property ownership forced the closure
of the Brisbane CBD monitoring site.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8172
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Collection of PM2.5 data at two sites in South East
Queensland and one site in Toowoomba, using
Tapered-Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM)
equipment, continued in 2007. A reference PM2.5
sampler was operated, in conjunction with the PM2.5
TEOM instrument, at two of these sites (Rocklea and
Springwood) in line with obligations under the PM2.5
Equivalence Program.
On the basis of the results of monitoring conducted
in larger population centres and/or the f indings of
generic modelling studies detailed in Appendix A of
the NEPM Peer Review Committee Technical Paper
No. 4 Screening Procedures, it has been concluded
that monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in Bundaberg,
Cairns, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay and
Rockhampton, and monitoring of ozone in Bundaberg,
Mackay and Maryborough/Hervey Bay are not required.
It is reasonable to expect that pollutant levels will
be consistently below the relevant NEPM standards.
The EPA will commence lead monitoring at Mount
Isa in 2008 using both the Australian Standard high
volume sampler gravimetric method (with a sampling
frequency of one day in six) and a new continuous
x ray fluorescence instrument. While the latter method
differs from the NEPM monitoring protocol, it will
greatly assist in analysis of, and public reporting on,
emission sources.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NEPM has provided the mechanism for a staged
expansion of the EPA’s ambient air monitoring
network throughout Queensland. Queensland remains
committed to implementing the actions contained in
its Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Plan for Queensland
despite delays in establishing monitoring in some
regional centres. On the basis of approved screening
criteria, campaign monitoring of nitrogen dioxide and
ozone in some smaller regional centres listed in the
monitoring plan will now not proceed.
Queensland’s monitoring results for 2007 indicate
that the goal of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM, to
achieve by 2008 the standards to the extent specif ied,
was met for all pollutants at all monitoring stations
where there was sufficient data capture to assess
compliance, except for sulfur dioxide in Mount Isa.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
During the 2007–08 reporting period, with the
exception of sulfur dioxide in Mount Isa, pollutant
levels complied with the NEPM goals in all regions
where monitoring was undertaken.
While no ozone exceedences were recorded in the
2007–08 reporting period, rapidly growing
population, urban expansion and associated increases
in motor vehicle use in South East Queensland could
present challenges to future compliance with the
NEPM ozone standards. While bushfire and hazard-
reduction burning emissions are presently implicated
in the majority of previous ozone exceedences, there
have been occasions in recent years when industrial,
commercial and domestic emissions, combined with
conducive meteorological conditions, have resulted
in exceedences of the ozone standards.
While industry in Mount Isa has significantly reduced
overall emissions of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere
in recent years (through capture and conversion to
sulfuric acid), compliance with the one-hour NEPM
sulfur dioxide standard is unlikely to be achieved.
Amendments made to the Environmental Protection
Act 1994 (EP Act) in May 2008 will cause all Special
Agreement Act mine operations, including the Mount
Isa smelters, to come under contemporary environmental
controls under the EP Act.
The EPA will assess the environmental authority
application against the standard criteria in the EP Act
which require that any applicable Commonwealth plans,
standards, agreements or requirements, including
those relating to NEPMs, are considered. The
Environmental Protection (Air) Policy 1997, which
includes ambient air quality objectives for sulfur
dioxide, are also considered as part of this process.
The results of PM10 monitoring comply with the 2008
goal. It is unlikely that urban and industrial particle
emissions on their own will lead to non-compliance
with the goal, although exceedences of the NEPM
standard will occur on occasions when contributions
from natural events such as bushfires and dust storms
are added to existing urban and industrial sources.
Vegetation management through controlled burning
is another occasional cause of exceedences in several
Queensland regions.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 173
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
To date, the only previous exceedences of the PM2.5
24–hour advisory reporting standard have been the
result of smoke from bushfires or hazard-reduction
burning (there was one occurrence in the 2007–08
reporting period). Compliance in the longer term may
be increasingly diff icult to achieve due to increasing
motor vehicle use and other sources of f ine particles.
The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2005–2026
provides a sustainable growth management strategy
for the South East Queensland region to the year
2026. Under the plan, urban settlement and the use
of transport, industry, energy and natural resources
will be managed to minimise adverse impacts on
air quality.
Significant investment in public transport infrastructure
under the South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan
and Program 2008–2026 will support the management
of future air quality impacts from rising motor
vehicle use.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met
at each monitoring station. The standards, with
accompanying definitions and explanations, appear
in Schedule 2 of the NEPM. For averaging times
shorter than one year, compliance with the NEPM
goal is achieved if the standard for a pollutant is
exceeded on no more than a specif ied number of days
in a calendar year (one day per year for all pollutants
except PM10, which may be exceeded no more than
five days per year) and at least 75% of data is
captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in the EPA
publication, Queensland 2007 Air Monitoring Report,
available from the EPA website at
<www.epa.qld.gov.au/environmental_management/
air/air_quality_monitoring/air_quality_reports/>.
The monitoring plan for Queensland is available from
<www.epa.qld.gov.au/environmental_management/air/
air_quality_monitoring/national_measures/ambient_
air_quality_plan_for_queensland/>.
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
South-east Queensland
Woolloongabba1 0 Not demonstrated
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba 0 Met
1 Not demonstrated due to insufficient data.
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently below
the NEPM standard include: Bundaberg, Cairns, Gladstone, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay, Mount Isa, Rockhampton and Townsville.
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8174
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
South-east Queensland
North Coast sub-region
Mountain Creek 0 Met 0.004 Met
Brisbane sub-region
Deception Bay1 0 Not demonstrated 0.006 Not demonstrated
Rocklea 0 Met 0.008 Met
Springwood 0 Met 0.006 Met
Ipswich sub-region
Flinders View 0 Met 0.008 Met
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba 0 Met 0.005 Met
Gladstone
South Gladstone 0 Met 0.005 Met
Townsville
Pimlico 0 Met 0.004 Met
1 Not demonstrated due to insufficient data.
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the NEPM standard include: Bundaberg, Cairns, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay, Mount Isa and Rockhampton.
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
South-east Queensland
North Coast sub-region
Mountain Creek 0 Met 0 Met
Brisbane sub-region
Deception Bay 0 Met 0 Met
Rocklea 0 Met 0 Met
Springwood 0 Met 0 Met
Ipswich sub-region
Flinders View 0 Met 0 Met
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba 0 Met 0 Met
Townsville
Pimlico 0 Met 0 Met
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the NEPM standard include: Bundaberg, Gladstone, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay and Mount Isa.
Regions for which monitoring has not yet been carried out (i.e. performance is ‘not demonstrated’) include Cairns and Rockhampton.
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 175
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 1 Day 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance average compliance
(ppm)
South-east
Queensland
Brisbane sub-region
Springwood 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
Ipswich sub-region
Flinders View 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
Gladstone
South Gladstone 0 Met 0 Met 0.002 Met
Townsville
Pimlico 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
Stuart 0 Met 0 Met 0.000 Met
Mount Isa
Menzies 31 Not met 1 Met 0.007 Met
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the NEPM standard include: Bundaberg, Cairns, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay and Toowoomba.
The only region for which monitoring has not yet been carried out (i.e. performance is ‘not demonstrated’) is Rockhampton.
SO2Sulfur dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.20ppm, 1 day = 0.08ppm, 1 year = 0.02ppm)
Pb Lead(NEPM standard 1 year = 50μg/m3)
Peak lead levels in 2001 and 2002 in South East Queensland were less than 10% of the NEPM standard. It can be concluded that
monitoring of lead is not required (PRC Technical Paper No. 9).
Regions that do not require monitoring on the basis that screening shows pollutant levels are reasonably expected to be consistently
below the NEPM standard include: Bundaberg, Cairns, Gladstone, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay, Rockhampton, South East
Queensland, Toowoomba and Townsville.
The only region for which monitoring has not yet been carried out (i.e. performance is ‘not demonstrated’) is Mount Isa. The EPA
is due to commence lead monitoring at Mount Isa in 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8176
Qld
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
South-east Queensland
North Coast sub-region
Mountain Creek 0 Met
Brisbane sub-region
Rocklea 1 Met
Springwood 0 Met
Ipswich sub-region
Flinders View 0 Met
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba 1 Met
Gladstone
South Gladstone 0 Met
Mackay
West Mackay 2 Met
Townsville
Pimlico 0 Met
Regions for which monitoring has not yet been carried out (i.e. performance is ‘not demonstrated’) include: Bundaberg, Cairns,
Maryborough/Hervey Bay, Mount Isa and Rockhampton.
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
South-east Queensland
Brisbane sub-region
Rocklea1 0 6.1
Rocklea2 0 4.3
Springwood1 1 5.9
Springwood2 0 4.3
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba2 0 3.6
1 Monitoring by reference method (1 in 3 days).
2 Monitoring by TEOM instrumentation in accordance with Technical Paper on Monitoring for Particles as PM2.5.
Regions for which monitoring has not yet been carried out include: Bundaberg, Cairns, Gladstone, Mackay, Maryborough/Hervey Bay,
Mount Isa, Rockhampton and Townsville.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 177
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM has been made under the National
Environment Protection Council (Western Australia)
Act 1996 and the corresponding legislation in other
jurisdictions and the Commonwealth. No additional
legislation is necessary to enable the NEPM in
Western Australia. The Department of Environment
and Conservation continues to collate, analyse and
report monitoring data collected for the purposes
of the NEPM.
A draft Environmental Protection Policy (EPP) for
state-wide air quality was initially drafted to provide
a policy framework for the NEPM. However, since
initiating this process, there has been a general shift
from the use of EPPs for non-coercive environmental
policy positions. Instead, mechanisms such as State
Environmental Policies (SEPs), more flexible non-
statutory policy instruments, are preferred. The
Environmental Protection Authority has f inalised a
draft Ambient Air SEP, utilising targeted consultation
with their reference panel members near the end
of the process. This policy has been expanded to
incorporate not only the Air Toxics NEPM, but also
identify potentially signif icant air emissions sources
and legislative and non-legislative mechanisms to
manage them. Once the draft Ambient Air SEP has
been considered by the Minister for Environment it
is likely to be released for public consultation before
being f inalised.
Two EPPs currently exist to manage air emissions in
Western Australia. The EPP which controls industrial
emissions of sulfur dioxide and total suspended
particulates in the Kwinana area sets ambient
‘standards’ and ‘limits’. Although these numerical
numbers are defined differently to the NEPM standards,
it has been determined that the EPP is an effective
means of controlling sulfur dioxide emissions to
ensure compliance with the NEPM beyond the
industrial buffer area.
The Goldfields EPP sets sulfur dioxide concentrations
that are consistent with the NEPM standards. The
objectives of the EPP are to control and progressively
reduce the sulfur dioxide concentration in the ambient
air of a protected area during each year until 2008.
There has been a progressive tightening in the measure
of acceptability of air quality standards, providing a
progressive reduction in the number of calendar days
the sulfur dioxide concentration of 0.2 ppm could
be exceeded, from three in 2003 and down to one in
2008 and each succeeding year. These concentrations
will be managed and controlled through licences
issued to sulfur dioxide emitting industries. Industries
must monitor these concentrations and must not
exceed them.
Implementation activities
Implementation activities may be viewed in two
categories:
• those activities related to implementing the
monitoring and reporting protocol of the NEPM,
plus other activities associated with the ‘Future
Actions’ listed in the NEPM Impact Statement
• those activities within Western Australia (including
regulatory activities outlined above) designed to
ensure that the air quality is in compliance with
the NEPM goal for each of the six pollutants
within the specif ied ten–year period.
In the f irst category, Western Australia has:
• commenced work to relocate the monitoring
laboratory
• continued to liaise with local governments and
other organisations as required to facilitate the
positioning and repositioning of f ixed ambient
monitoring stations
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for Western Australia by the
Hon. Donna Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment for the reporting
year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8178
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
• made a signif icant contribution to the activities
of the Peer Review Committee, notably in the
development of strategy papers and methods
designed to provide consistency in NEPM
monitoring and reporting across jurisdictions
• continued with work to obtain National Association
of Testing Authorities (NATA) accreditation of
NEPM monitoring activities
• maintained monitoring of PM2.5 to facilitate the
review and potential development of compliance
NEPM standards for this pollutant in the future
• made a signif icant contribution to the NEPM
review team and the Air Quality Standard Setting
Working Group.
In the second category, Western Australia has:
• continued to implement the Perth Air Quality
Management Plan (AQMP). The Perth AQMP is
a whole-of-government plan aimed at improving
and maintaining Perth’s air quality. Implementation
of a number of priority actions within the Perth
AQMP has commenced in addition to a number of
ongoing programs. There continues to be a major
focus on managing emissions from motor vehicles
and wood heaters, improving emissions inventory
estimates and investigating novel cutting edge
monitoring techniques
• continued to provide improved community access
to air quality monitoring data via the Department
of Environment and Conservation webpage
<www.dec.wa.gov.au/>.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Department of Environment and Conservation
has instituted a number of actions to implement the
NEPM, including maintaining and expanding ambient
monitoring, progressing NATA accreditation as a
priority and providing staff resources to assist with
NEPM related working groups. The Department of
Environment and Conservation also continues to
implement a number of priority actions within the
AQMP for Perth and raise the profile and importance
of air quality management generally.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has provided a focus for air quality issues
and driven all jurisdictions to work towards nationally
consistent monitoring techniques and reporting. This
has culminated in the development and approval
of monitoring plans for all jurisdictions, including
Western Australia. The NEPM standards and goals
provide an additional impetus for the implementation
of strategies and a useful benchmark against which
air quality management can be assessed.
Air quality management initiatives implemented in
Western Australia have placed the state in a favourable
position to achieve compliance with the NEPM goals
in most circumstances. Sulfur dioxide and lead have
been effectively controlled by regulatory means.
Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide concentrations
comply with the NEPM standards by comfortable
margins, due to clean fuel quality standards, national
vehicle emissions standards and control of other
sources. Ozone and PM10 remain pollutants of concern
in the Perth region and are the focus of attention
within the AQMP, particularly the management of
domestic PM10 sources. In other regions, PM10 is the
pollutant of most signif icance with respect to the
NEPM standards.
The data presented in Part 4 below, shows that Western
Australia has achieved compliance with the NEPM
goals for all the pollutants except particles (measured
as PM10) in Geraldton during 2007. Subsequent
analysis suggests the main contributors for these
exceedences were wind borne dust and bushfires.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met at each
monitoring station. The standards, with accompanying
definitions and explanations, appear in Schedule 2 of
the NEPM. For averaging times shorter than one year,
compliance with the NEPM goal is achieved if the
standard for a pollutant is exceeded on no more than
a specif ied number of days in a calendar year (one
day per year for all pollutants except PM10, which
may be exceeded no more than f ive days per year)
and at least 75% of data is captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in the 2007
Western Australia Air Monitoring Report which is
available at <www.dec.wa.gov.au>.
The monitoring plan for Western Australia is available
from <www.dec.wa.gov.au/pollution-prevention/air-
quality-publications/technical-reports/2001.html>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 179
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
Perth
North East Metro 0 Met 0 Met
Outer North Coast 0 Met 0 Met
South Coast 0 Met 0 Met
Outer East Rural 0 Met 0 Met
South East Metro 0 Met 0 Met
Inner West Coast 0 Met 0 Met
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Perth
North East Metro 0 Met
North Metro 0 Met
CBD 0 Not demonstrated
South East Metro 0 Met
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Perth
North East Metro 0 Met 0.006 Met
North Metro 0 Met 0.007 Met
South Metro 0 Met 0.005 Met
CBD 0 Not demonstrated 0.013 Not demonstrated
Outer North Coast 0 Met 0.003 Met
South Coast 0 Met 0.004 Met
Outer East Rural 0 Met 0.002 Met
South East Metro 0 Met 0.008 Met
Inner West Coast 0 Met 0.005 Met
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8180
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 1 Day 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance average compliance
(ppm)
Perth
South Metro 0 Met 0 Met 0.002 Met
South Coast 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
South East Metro 0 Met 0 Met 0.001 Met
South Metro 0 Met 0 Met 0.002 Met
SO2Sulfur dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.20ppm, 1 day = 0.08ppm, 1 year = 0.02ppm)
Pb Lead
Western Australia has ceased monitoring for lead. Lead monitoring ceased on 31 December 2001 following the introduction of unleaded
petrol and the consequent sustained measurements at analytical limits of detection well below the standard.
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Perth
North East Metro 1 Met
North Metro 0 Met
South Metro 0 Not demonstrated
South East Metro 1 Met
South-west
Bunbury 0 Met
Albany 1 Met
North-west
Geraldton 10 Not met
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 181
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences of (µg/m3)
daily standard
Perth
North East Metro 1 8.1
North East Metro 0 7.5
North Metro 0 7.3
Outer North Coast 0 6.9
South East Metro 0 7.6
South-west
Bunbury 3 7.8
Busselton 2 7.4
Analysis of the extent to which standards are, or are not, met
Lead monitoring ceased on 31 December 2001 following the introduction of unleaded petrol and subsequently
lead replacement petrol. These management initiatives consequently sustained measurements at analytical
limits of detection well below the standard.
Statement of the progress made towards achieving the goal
The goal as defined in clause 6 of the NEPM was achieved for all criteria pollutants at all NEPM monitoring
stations except Geraldton during 2007
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8182
WA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Location Descriptor Station Location Location Descriptor Station Location
North East Metro Caversham Outer East Rural Rolling Green
North Metro Duncraig South Coast Rockingham
CBD Queens Building Inner West Coast Swanbourne
Outer North Coast Quinns Rocks South Metro Wattleup
South East Metro South Lake South Metro Hope Valley
Relationship between location descriptors and monitoring station locations/names
Station Date Time Pollutant Averaging Concentration
period
North East Metro 4 February 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 58.8 μg/m3
South East Metro 4 February 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 56.7 μg/m3
Geraldton 4 February 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 59.4 μg/m3
Geraldton 4 February 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 116.3 μg/m3
Geraldton 24 February 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 52.6 μg/m3
Geraldton 4 March 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 95.5 μg/m3
Geraldton 5 March 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 71.6 μg/m3
Geraldton 16 March 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 95.0 μg/m3
Geraldton 10 May 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 72.4 μg/m3
Bunbury 11 May 2007 N/A PM2.5 24 hours 34.4 μg/m3
Bunbury 1 June 2007 N/A PM2.5 24 hours 34.4 μg/m3
Geraldton 6 June 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 108.5 μg/m3
Geraldton 22 June 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 83.0 μg/m3
Busselton 24 June 2007 N/A PM2.5 24 hours 51.1 μg/m3
Busselton 25 June 2007 N/A PM2.5 24 hours 37.2 μg/m3
Albany 10 November 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 55.7 μg/m3
Bunbury 15 November 2007 N/A PM2.5 24 hours 25.1 μg/m3
Geraldton 9 December 2007 N/A PM10 24 hours 77.5 μg/m3
List of exceedences
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 183
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Section 4 of the transitional provisions in the
Environment Protection (Miscellaneous) Amendment
Act 2005, Sch 1 enable the continued operation of
the National Environment Protection (Ambient Air
Quality) Measure (NEPM), as an Environment
Protection Policy. The PM2.5 Variation to the NEPM
also operated as part of this policy from the day on
which it was made.
Administration of the NEPM is undertaken by the
Environment Protection Authority (EPA) and, to
ensure the obligations under the NEPM are met, the
EPA operates the Ambient Air Monitoring Network
(the Network) in-house.
Implementation activities
Implementation status
During 2007–08, the EPA conducted a range of
activities aimed at fulf illing commitments made in
South Australia’s air monitoring plan and addressing
its obligations through the Ambient Air Quality NEPM.
This includes installation of a continuous PM10 monitor
at Schulz Park, Whyalla as a replacement for one day
in six PM10 monitoring at Civic Park, Whyalla.
Development of monitoring stations continues in
order to meet the monitoring requirements specif ied
in the plan. The stations yet to be developed include:
• Grenfell Street Adelaide, as a replacement for the
now closed Tandanya station
• North East Adelaide (PM10 and SO2)
• Southern wineries (O3, NO2, PM10, SO2)
• Barossa/Angaston (O3, NO2, PM10, SO2)
• Riverland (O3, NO2, PM10, SO2).
In May 2003, the NEPM was varied to include
particles less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter
(PM2.5). In accordance with this variation, the EPA
has continued to monitor PM2.5 at its Netley station,
using the reference method on a one in three day
basis. This is in addition to monitoring PM2.5 by
Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM)
as part of the PM2.5 equivalence program.
Operational activities
The Environment Protection Act provides for licensed
activities to undertake Environment Improvement
Programs to reduce their environmental impact. The
EPA routinely applies these provisions to industrial
sources that contribute signif icantly to regional scale
air pollution and thereby influence the achievement
of the NEPM.
On 1 July 2008, the EPA introduced a new licence
fee system that is based on the principles of user pays
and polluter pays. The system is being introduced to
all licensees over the 2008–09 f inancial year and is
made up of components that reflect the EPA’s regulatory
effort and the licensees pollutant emissions to air.
The EPA continues to provide high quality data
through maintaining and developing its National
Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accreditation.
The EPA has continued its participation in the
activities of the Air NEPM Peer Review Committee
(PRC), whose expertise assists in clarif ication of
technical aspects of implementation of the NEPM.
This includes participating in the inter-laboratory
comparisons of standard gas cylinders, which helps
to ensure a consistency of data accuracy and
precision between jurisdictions.
The EPA is continuing the provision of air quality
datasets to the National Air Quality Database. This
database was formed through a memorandum of
understanding (MOU) between the Bureau of
Meteorology, NEPC Service Corporation and Department
of the Environment and Heritage, and aims to support
EPHC/NEPC work on national air quality issues.
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for South Australia by the Hon.
Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and Conservation for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8184
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
South Australia has continued to support the EPHC/
NEPC process by contributing to committees and
working groups at all levels, including the current
review of the Ambient Air NEPM, which is projected
for completion in early 2009.
The EPA has begun a program to develop f ine scale
air emissions inventories for South Australia,
commencing with a comprehensive motor vehicle
emissions inventory for metropolitan Adelaide, due
for completion in 2008. An enhanced motor vehicle
inventory will provide a clearer indication of the
contribution of motor vehicles to air pollution in
South Australia. Coupling the inventory with
dispersion models will also allow assessment of air
pollution around roadways.
The EPA continues to develop atmospheric modelling
for use as a management tool through The Air Pollution
Model (TAPM) and by developing a predictive model
with the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO. The
EPA is currently investigating the role of biogenic
emissions in the formation of photochemical oxidants
across the Adelaide airshed (due for publication in
late 2008). In addition, preliminary investigations
are being made into the formation and distribution
of nitrogen dioxide and photochemical oxidants over
a number of summer periods within Adelaide. These
studies will assist the EPA to determine pollutant
concentrations in areas where monitoring is not
currently occurring. The studies will also provide
information for population exposure to key pollutants
in the Adelaide airshed.
Implementation summary and evaluation
South Australia continues to enjoy some of the best
ambient air quality in the country. The EPA continues
to support and work with the community and industry
to develop strategies to help reduce pollution from
point sources and diffuse pollution from human
activities.
In 2008–09, the EPA plans to review the Environment
Protection (Air Quality), the Environment Protection
(Burning) Policy (the Burning Policy) and the
Environment Protection (Motor Vehicle Fuel Quality)
Policy—the three sets of subordinate legislation
dealing with air pollution from specif ic sources. The
purpose of the review is to replace these three policies
with a single comprehensive policy that identif ies the
air environmental values to be protected and the
appropriate management of all sources of pollution,
and embodies the content of relevant NEPMs. It is
envisaged this policy will embody the essential
content of the current EPPs and NEPMs relating to
air quality, of which the AAQ NEPM is the principal
one. The Air Policy will assist the EPA in ensuring
the achievement of the goals set in the AAQ NEPM.
South Australia has continued to provide technical
support to local government to administer the
Burning Policy and to resolve complaints relating to
domestic solid fuel heaters. The EPA released a draft
Code of Practice for Environmentally Responsible
Wood Heater Use to enable all sectors to deal with
wood heater issues.
Dust monitoring at Whyalla
The EPA continues to supply real time PM10 monitoring
data to the steelworks at Whyalla. To improve the
available information, the EPA has recently upgraded
its monitoring capability to continuous PM10 monitors
at Whyalla. This information is being made available
to One Steel so that the company can monitor the
impact of operations on the Whyalla community in
real time.
Lead at Port Pirie
Reducing child lead exposure at Port Pirie continues
to be a key environmental health initiative for South
Australia. The state government continues to facilitate
the Port Pirie Lead Implementation Program (PPLIP)
in concert with the local Council and the current lead
smelter operators (Nyrstar Port Pirie).
Through the PPLIP, the state government has expended
some $60 million in Port Pirie over the past 20 years
in a range of investigations into exposure pathways,
ambient and source measurements, speciation, house
and streetscape dust reduction, community and
workforce education and blood lead monitoring.
Ambient lead levels measured at Frank Green Park
(in the city’s primary residential area) continue to
comply with the NEPM standard but, as the NHMRC
guideline level for blood lead in children is still
exceeded, intense efforts into smelter lead emissions
and exposure reduction will continue.
In concert with the PPLIP, an ambitious program was
launched in February 2006 with the goal of ensuring
that at least 95% of children aged 0–4 years and
residing in Port Pirie have blood lead levels below
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 185
10μg/dL by the end of 2010. Known as ‘tenby10’, the
program involves a collaborative approach between
Nyrstar, EPA, SA Department of Health and the Port
Pirie Regional Council. Nyrstar has committed some
$56 million to the achievement of the tenby10 goal.
This includes commitments to major infrastructure
and operational improvements, aimed at reducing
fugitive lead emissions. In addition, Nyrstar provides
support for a range of community-based activities to
reduce lead uptake by children.
Results of ambient air monitoring conducted by the
EPA indicate that lead in air levels continued to fall
over the past 12 months, maintaining a trend which
has been observed since 2005. This observation is
supported by ambient monitoring undertaken by the
smelter operators within the township. Blood lead
levels have also fallen signif icantly during the same
period (Department of Health, 2008).
On 1 July 2008, a new EPA licence for Nyrstar came
into effect, which specif ies ongoing lead reduction
targets to be achieved at three EPA monitoring sites
(Ellen Street, Frank Green Park and Pirie West Primary
School). Linked to these targets is an Environment
Improvement Program (EIP) which contains agreed
compliance actions (including further signif icant
capital works) aimed at further reducing fugitive lead
emissions. Compliance actions in the EIP are required
to be reviewed in line with achievement of the targets.
Sulphur dioxide at Port Pirie
Nyrstar Port Pirie lead smelter is also the primary
contributor to elevated ambient sulphur dioxide in
Port Pirie. The company is currently undertaking an
exposure level assessment project with the aim of
better understanding the exposure of individuals to
both short and longer term SO2 levels. This is proposed
to take into account meteorological, seasonal and
temporal variables in combination with site emission
data. The EPA and Nyrstar are discussing the format
of an EIP aimed at reducing SO2 emissions. This is
likely to have a longer term focus given the current
agreed emphasis on reducing lead emissions.
Domestic woodsmoke emissions
In 2007, the EPA continued the implementation
of a two-year behaviour change pilot program in
partnership with the Adelaide Hills Council to
encourage households to engage in eff icient wood
heater practices to minimise woodsmoke. This project
includes the EPA monitoring particulates as well
as encouraging residents to take up a ‘SmokeWatch
Challenge’, in which they commit to undertaking
four key eff icient wood heater practices throughout
winter in order to reduce woodsmoke pollution. A
report detailing results of the 2007 program has been
published and is available through the EPA website.
Review of air quality monitoring
The EPA has undertaken a review of its entire air
monitoring system, which will address all aspects of
the organisation’s air monitoring stations and quality
system. The review will provide an opportunity to assess
the current status of the NEPM and focus monitoring
efforts. The review will be used to determine future
directions for air monitoring in South Australia.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has been effective in providing a legislative
framework to monitor general community exposure to
the criteria pollutants in Adelaide and some regional
centres. It has also stimulated investigations into
localised exposure from particular emission sources
and enhanced the review of the approach taken to
manage regional air quality.
The NEPM reinforces the need to supply high quality
data in a timely manner and thereby ensure that air
quality management decisions are based on sound
science. South Australia has found that this can be
undertaken with confidence only in–house by
appropriately qualif ied staff with practical experience
in operating an extensive network of instruments
on a long-term basis.
For the 2007 reporting year, comparison of monitoring
data to the standards and goals of the Ambient Air
Quality NEPM revealed that:
• the standard and goal was met for CO at the
Elizabeth station but not demonstrated at the
Tandanya station
• for NO2, the standards and goals were met at all
stations
• for O3, the standards and goals were met at all stations
• for SO2 the one-hour standard and goal was not
met at Port Pirie, Oliver Street. All other stations
met the standard and goal for SO2
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8186
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Adelaide
ADL01—Tandanya 0 Not demonstrated
ELI01—Elizabeth Downs 0 Met
• for PM10 in the Adelaide region, the standard was
exceeded:
– on one occasion at the Kensington station
– on three occasions at the Elizabeth station
– on three occasions at the Christie Downs station
– on eleven occasions at the Netley station
• for the Spencer region, the standard was not met:
– on f ive occasions at Whyalla, Schulz Park
– on eleven occasions at Port Pirie, Oliver Street
• the PM10 goal was not met at:
– Netley
– Port Pirie, Oliver Street
• for Pb, the annual standard and goal was met at the
Frank Green Park station but not met at the Oliver
Street station
• for PM2.5, the advisory reporting standard was met
at Netley, the one station where monitoring was
conducted.
Continuation of a core network of long-term monitoring
sites in the Adelaide region will assist in development
and verif ication of a regional air dispersion model
that can be used for strategic planning purposes and
for advance public notif ication of likely air quality
on a daily basis. The former will help to ensure that
the NEPM goal and any future goals are adequately
considered in long-term regional scale planning
decisions for the Adelaide region. The latter will
promote awareness of the issue in the community and
help drive behavioural change that will contribute to
achieving the NEPM goal.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met at each
monitoring station. The standards, with accompanying
definitions and explanations, appear in Schedule 2 of
the NEPM. For averaging times shorter than one year,
compliance with the NEPM goal is achieved if the
standard for a pollutant is exceeded on no more than
a specified number of days in a calendar year (one day
per year for all pollutants except PM10, which may
be exceeded no more than f ive days per year) and
at least 75% of data is captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in
<www.ephc.gov.au/nepms/air/juris_mon_reports_
07.html>.
The monitoring plan for South Australia is available
from <www.ephc.gov.au/nepms/air/prc_juris_mon_
plans.html>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 187
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Adelaide
ELI01—Elizabeth Downs 0 Met 0.003 Met
NOR01—Northfield,
Folland Avenue 0 Met 0.006 Met
NET01—Netley 0 Met 0.009 Met
KEN01—Kensington
Gardens 0 Met 0.005 Met
CHD01—Christie Downs 0 Met 0.005 Met
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
Adelaide
ELI01—Elizabeth Downs 0 Met 0 Met
NOR01—Northfield,
Folland Avenue 0 Met 0 Met
NET01—Netley 0 Met 0 Met
KEN01—Kensington
Gardens 0 Met 0 Met
CHD01—Christie Downs 0 Met 0 Met
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
1 Hour 1 Day 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance average compliance
(ppm)
Adelaide
NOR01—Northfield,
Folland Avenue 0 Met 0 Met 0.000 Met
Spencer
PTP01—Port Pirie,
Oliver Street 29 Not met 0 Met 0.009 Met
SO2Sulfur dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.20ppm, 1 day = 0.08ppm, 1 year = 0.02ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8188
SA
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
Pb Lead(NEPM standard 1 year = 0.50μg/m3)
Station Annual NEPM goal
average (µg/m3) compliance
Spencer
PTP05—Port Pirie, Frank Green Park 0.18 Met
PTP01—Port Pirie, Oliver Street 0.51 Not met
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Adelaide
ELI01—Elizabeth Downs 3 Met
KEN01—Kensington Gardens 1 Met
NET01—Netley 11 Not met
CHD01—Christie Downs 3 Met
Spencer
WHY05—Whyalla, Schulz Park 5 Not demonstrated
PTP01—Port Pirie, Oliver Street 11 Not met
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences (µg/m3)
Adelaide
NET01—Netley 0 6
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 189
Ta
s–
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for Tasmania by the Hon.
Michelle O’Byrne MP, Minister for the Environment, Parks, Heritage
and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Tasmanian Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) NEPM
process is implemented primarily through the
Environment Division of the Department of
Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts (DEPHA),
the enabling legislation being the Environmental
Management and Pollution Control Act 1994 (EMPCA).
National Environment Protection Measures are adopted
as state policies under the State Policies and Projects
Act 1993.
Implementation activities
The EMPCA provides for the development of
Environment Protection Policies (EPPs) for various
aspects of environmental management within its
purview. The EPP (Air Quality), which came into
force in June 2005, includes specif ic reference to
meeting the requirements of the AAQ NEPM through
regulation of industry and management of diffuse
sources and planned burning activities. The policy
is available on the DEPHA website at
<www.environment.tas.gov.au>.
As required by the EPP (Air Quality), Tasmania’s Air
Quality Strategy was published in June 2006. The
five-year strategy assesses compliance with the AAQ
NEPM standards in Tasmania and specif ies strategies
for achieving compliance where standards are not being
met. The strategy addresses the management of air
quality in Tasmania and includes programs to further
reduce domestic and industrial emissions of respirable
particles in critical regions of the state. It also
embraces national programs to develop standards for
PM2.5 and air toxics; the diesel emissions NEPM;
national fuel and vehicle standards; and other
programs such as the National Woodheater Action
Plan and the National Firewood Code of Practice.
A primary air quality issue for Tasmania is domestic
woodsmoke. The Environment Division has developed
the Environmental Management and Pollution Control
(Distributed Atmospheric Emissions) Regulations
2007 to control the import, sale and installation of
wood heaters, prohibiting those that do not meet the
current Australian Standard, AS4013. The regulations
make an offence of the emission of excessive smoke
from wood heaters, f ireplaces, hot water and cooking
appliances and barbecues. With certain exceptions,
backyard burning on allotments of less than 2000
square metres is prohibited. The new regulations
were gazetted in August 2007.
The Tasmanian Government provided funding of
$816 000 for the period 2004–08 to develop an air
monitoring capability for PM2.5 particles as required
by the amendment to the AAQ NEPM (May 2003),
and to upgrade existing PM10 monitoring. The new
system which includes PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring
has been operating at Ti Tree Bend monitoring station
in Launceston since August 2005 and at the new
station at New Town in Hobart since May 2006. The
New Town station was established as a result of
increasing evidence that the original station at Prince
of Wales Bay was not representative of population
exposure in greater Hobart. Commissioning of a
similarly equipped air quality monitoring station
at Devonport has been postponed due to lack of
personnel resources. It is anticipated that the station
will be commissioned in late 2008 or early 2009.
Implementation summary and evaluation
At the present time, DEPHA does not comply with
the requirement for NATA accreditation under clause
12 of the AAQ NEPM. Since October 2006, the
Environment Division of DEPHA has completely
revised and upgraded the Air Quality Monitoring
System to comply with the requirements of ISO:17025,
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8190
Ta
s–
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
as part of its commitment to achieving National
Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) accreditation
for the Ambient Air Monitoring Program. Staff
training in NATA procedures and requirements was
continued in 2007–08. A NATA advisory visit is to
take place before the end of 2008.
The Environment Division has further developed the
Tasmanian Air Quality Database to be compatible
with the national database. The facility continues
to provide weekly air quality reports to a range of
clients including councils, community organisations,
local physicians and the media. At the present time,
the validated monitoring data are published monthly
on the DEPHA website, with a publication target of
six weeks after the end of a given month. In 2007–08,
the publication processes were streamlined using
purpose-written software. Also in 2007–08, a project
was commenced to provide a signif icant level of
automated data validation. This work is continuing.
In late May 2008, DEPHA began web publishing
indicative, unvalidated TEOM particle data from
NEPM air monitoring stations at Hobart and
Launceston, and also from a non-NEPM station at
Rowella, using an automated reporting method. By
this approach, TEOM data from the previous day
are made publically available each day, along with
summary plots from the most recent week and month.
DEPHA is investigating the feasibility of making
available continuously monitored air quality
parameters in near real-time via the web.
The Environment Division is cognisant of the
importance of developing its air quality dispersion
modelling capabilities and is currently planning the
implementation of a state-wide domestic heating
survey together with a comprehensive review and
collation of stack-test emission results for industry
throughout the state. The information collected will
be used to improve the predictive capability of
dispersion modelling undertaken by the Division and
may facilitate the inclusion of some Tasmanian cities
in the Australian Air Quality Forecasting System
administered by the Bureau of Meteorology.
The schools educational air quality awareness program
was continued throughout 2007–08. The program,
based around the use of portable DustTrak monitors,
is aimed at introducing school students to air quality
issues in the Tasmanian context. A consultant has
been working with several teachers to develop the
relevant teaching materials. These materials will be
made available on the web, and schools will be invited
to use some of the Division’s DustTrak monitors to
gain f irst-hand experience in conducting experiments
involving air quality measurements.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The AAQ NEPM has been very effective in Tasmania.
It has contributed to changing the culture of the
community towards improved air quality in populated
areas. It has played an influential role in driving
programs aimed at reducing woodsmoke pollution
during winter, especially in Launceston. As a result,
there has been a marked reduction in the number of
wood heaters in Launceston.
The NEPM has also been a driver of improvements in
the quality of monitoring and reporting of air quality
data in Tasmania.
For the f irst time since regular monitoring began in
1997, in 2007 Launceston met the NEPM goal of no
more than 5 exceedences of the 24–hour PM10 standard.
Of the 5 exceedences of the 50μg/m3 24–hour PM10
standard recorded at Launceston in the calendar year
2007, 4 were attributed to winter woodsmoke and 1
to smoke from a fuel-reduction burn. The number of
exceedences recorded in 2007 continues the downward
trend in exceedences observed since 1997. There were
20 exceedences of the 25μg/m3 24–hour advisory
reporting standard for PM2.5 recorded at Launceston
in 2007, which is 16 fewer than recorded in Launceston
in 2006. Of these 20 exceedences, 15 were ascribed
to winter woodsmoke, 4 were ascribed to planned
burns, and 1 was due to smoke from the Victorian
bushfires in January 2007. The annual average PM2.5
level in Launceston in 2007 was 9.5μg/m3, which
exceeds the annual average advisory reporting standard
of 8μg/m3. A reduction in the number of exceedences
of the PM2.5 advisory reporting standard will be a
major objective for the management of air quality
in the Launceston airshed in the coming years.
For Hobart in the calendar year 2007, there were no
exceedences of the 24–hour PM10 standard of 50μg/m3.
The 24–hour PM2.5 concentration exceeded the
25μg/m3 advisory reporting standard on 7 days. The
annual average PM2.5 concentration was 7.6μg/m3,
compared with the annual average advisory reporting
standard of 8μg/m3.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 191
Ta
s–
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met at each
monitoring station. The standards, with accompanying
definitions and explanations, appear in Schedule 2 of
the NEPM. For averaging times shorter than one year,
compliance with the NEPM goal is achieved if the
standard for a pollutant is exceeded on no more than
a specified number of days in a calendar year (one day
per year for all pollutants except PM10, which may
be exceeded no more than f ive days per year) and
at least 75% of data is captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in Report
against the National Environment Protection Measure
for Ambient Air Quality for 2007, released in June 2008.
The above-mentioned report and the Air NEPM
Monitoring Plan for Tasmania are available from
<www.environment.tas.gov.au>.
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Launceston
Ti Tree Bend 5 Met
Hobart
New Town 0 Met
Devonport Monitoring to
commence in late
2008 or early 2009
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences (µg/m3)
LauncestonTi Tree Bend 20 9.5
Hobart
New Town 7 7.6
Devonport Monitoring to
commence in late
2008 or early 2009
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8192
AC
T –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The administrative frameworks for implementation
of the NEPM are in place in the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT). Responsibility for the implementation
of the Ambient Air Quality NEPM rests with the
Environmental Protection and Heritage Unit of the
Department of Territory and Municipal Services.
Implementation activities
The ACT’s ambient air monitoring program is
conducted in accordance with its approved monitoring
plan. In accordance with the NEPM Protocol, the ACT
requires only one performance monitoring station.
This is located in the southern Canberra suburb of
Monash. It is intended that this remain a permanent
monitoring and trend site.
Health Protection Services (HPS), ACT Health, operate
the ACT Government’s ambient air monitoring
network. In accordance with clause 12 of the NEPM,
HPS are National Association of Testing Authorities
(NATA) accredited.
Consistent with the 2003 NEPM variation, the ACT
continues to monitor PM2.5 at Monash.
The ACT also continues to participate in the Peer
Review Committee.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The ACT has fully implemented the NEPM.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Data presented in Part 4 demonstrates that the ACT
is fully compliant with the NEPM goal for gaseous
pollutants. However, as in previous years, data obtained
from implementing the NEPM continues to show that
the ACT has a winter particle pollution problem due
to wood heater emissions. This is clearly demonstrated
by continued PM2.5 monitoring, which shows a
signif icant increase in particle levels during the
colder months of the year.
During 2007, f ive PM10 exceedences were recorded.
Whilst wood heater emissions are usually the
predominant cause of these exceedences this year
only two exceedences were attributed to the build-up
of woodsmoke. The remaining three exceedences
were due to bushfire or hazard reduction activities
in Victoria and New South Wales.
PM2.5 monitoring shows the ACT continues to
experience elevated particle levels during winter and
the government is targeting this problem through
public education, the licensing of firewood merchants,
the implementation of a wood heater replacement
program and ongoing compliance programs.
The ACT Government received NATA accreditation
in April 2007 for its PM2.5 monitoring.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of whether
the NEPM standards and goal were met at each
monitoring station. The standards, with accompanying
definitions and explanations, appear in Schedule 2 of
the NEPM. For averaging times shorter than one year,
compliance with the NEPM goal is achieved if the
standard for a pollutant is exceeded on no more than
a specif ied number of days in a calendar year (one
day per year for all pollutants except PM10, which
may be exceeded no more than f ive days per year)
and at least 75% of data is captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in the annual
monitoring report to the NEPC for the reporting year
ended 30 June 2007.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Australian Capital
Territory by Mr Jon Stanhope MLA, Minister for the Environment, Water
and Climate Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 193
AC
T –
AM
BIE
NT
AIR
QU
AL
ITY
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Canberra
Monash 5 Met
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences (µg/m3)
Canberra
Monash 8 7.5
1 Hour 4 Hours
Station Number of NEPM goal Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance exceedences compliance
Canberra
Monash 0 Met 0 Met
1 Hour 1 Year
Station Number of NEPM goal Annual NEPM goal
exceedences compliance average (ppm) compliance
Canberra
Monash 0 Met 0.018 Met
NO2Nitrogen dioxide(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.12ppm, 1 year = 0.03ppm)
O3Ozone(NEPM standard: 1 hour = 0.10ppm, 4 hours = 0.08ppm)
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Canberra
Monash 0 Met
CO Carbon monoxide(NEPM standard 8 hours = 9.0ppm)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8194
NT
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 152)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Department of Natural Resources, Environment,
the Arts and Sport (NRETAS) is responsible for
implementation of the NEPM in the Northern Territory
through the provisions of the Waste Management
and Pollution Control Act 1998 and the National
Environment Protection Council (Northern Territory)
Act 2004.
The Northern Territory’s ambient air monitoring
program is undertaken in accordance with the
approved monitoring plan. The administrative
frameworks for implementation of the NEPM are
in place.
Implementation activities
As identif ied in the Northern Territory’s monitoring
plan, the primary air pollutant of concern in the
Northern Territory is particulate matter from landscape
fires. Performance monitoring for particulate matter
(PM10 and PM2.5) commenced in the Darwin region
in 2004.
The Ambient Air Quality NEPM requires the Northern
Territory to have two performance monitoring stations,
based on population—one in the Darwin region
and one in Alice Springs. A monitoring station for
particulate matter operated throughout the reporting
period at Casuarina, Darwin. Monitoring in Alice
Springs has not been undertaken. However, the need
for monitoring in the region is being considered in
the context of establishing a more comprehensive air
quality monitoring network in the Territory.
Air quality monitoring in the Darwin region is
undertaken by Charles Darwin University as a
partnership arrangement with the Northern Territory
Government (NRETAS and the Department of Health
and Families) and Darwin City Council.
NRETAS is continuing to discuss f ire management
in the Darwin region with the Northern Territory
Bushfires Council, because controlled and uncontrolled
burning regimes can affect the resultant emissions
of air-borne pollutants.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Monitoring has been undertaken for particulate matter
throughout the reporting period (2007). Monitoring
for PM10 was undertaken using a Tapered Element
Oscillating Microbalance (TEOM) sampler and a
Partisol Dichotomous sampler. Monitoring for PM2.5
was undertaken using a Partisol Dichotomous sampler.
TEOM monitoring for PM10 reveals that the relevant
NEPM standard was not exceeded in the Darwin
region, and that the NEPM goal has been met. Partisol
monitoring for PM2.5 reveals that the relevant NEPM
daily reporting level was exceeded four times in the
Darwin region. The PM2.5 annual average of 7.3μg/m3
was below the annual reporting level of 8.0μg/m3 set
by the NEPM. The highest recorded daily level of
PM2.5 was 47.7μg/m3, attributed to the release of
fireworks celebrating Territory Day on 1 July 2007.
Other PM2.5 exceedences occurred in the dry season
and are the result of the interaction between smoke
from landscape f ires in the region and prevailing
wind conditions.
The Northern Territory Government has committed
funding in 2008–09 to the establishment and ongoing
operation of a comprehensive air quality monitoring
system for the Darwin region. The new air quality
monitoring system will build on current monitoring
for particulate matter to other pollutants identif ied in
the NEPM, in a manner consistent with the technical
requirements of the NEPM.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure for the Northern Territory by
the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources, Environment
and Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 195
NT
– A
MB
IEN
T A
IR Q
UA
LIT
Y
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Monitoring for 2007 demonstrates that the NEPM goal
for PM10 has been achieved in the Darwin region.
The NEPM has provided a useful framework for
current air quality monitoring in the Northern Territory,
and will provide a legal and technical basis for the
implementation of a more comprehensive air quality
monitoring system in the Darwin region.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
Data from relevant monitoring stations are presented
in tabular form below to enable an evaluation of
whether the NEPM standards and goal were met
at each monitoring station. The standards, with
accompanying definitions and explanations, appear
in Schedule 2 of the NEPM. For averaging times
shorter than one year, compliance with the NEPM
goal is achieved if the standard for a pollutant is
exceeded on no more than a specif ied number of days
in a calendar year (one day per year for all pollutants
except PM10, which may be exceeded no more than
five days per year) and at least 75% of data is
captured in each quarter.
The data are presented in greater detail in the Annual
compliance report for the Northern Territory 2007,
available at
<www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/air/index.html>.
The monitoring plan for the Northern Territory is
available from
<www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/air/index.html>.
Station Number of NEPM goal
exceedences compliance
Darwin (Casuarina) 0 Met
PM10Particles as PM10
(NEPM standard 1 day = 50μg/m3)
1 Year
Station Number of Annual average
exceedences (µg/m3)
Darwin (Casuarina) 4 7.3
PM2.5Particles as PM2.5
(NEPM advisory reporting standard 1 day = 25μg/m3, 1 year = 8μg/m3)
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
Assessment of Site Contamination
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8198
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure
Made by Council: 10 December 1999
Commencement Date: 22 December 1999
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No GN 51, 22 December 1999, p 4246)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure is set
out in clause 5 (1) of the Measure as follows:
5.(1) National environment protection goal
The purpose of the Measure is to establish
a nationally consistent approach to the
assessment of site contamination to ensure
sound environmental management practices
by the community which includes regulators,
site assessors, environmental auditors,
landowners, developers and industry
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Assessment of Site
Contamination) Measure is set out in clause 5 (2)
of the Measure as follows:
5.(2) Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome for this
Measure is to provide adequate protection
of human health and the environment, where
site contamination has occurred, through the
development of an eff icient and effective
national approach to the assessment of
site contamination.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the
National Environment Protection (Assessment
of Site Contamination) Measure is based on the
following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
No specif ic criteria are set out in the Measure.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Commonwealth implements the Assessment of
Site Contamination NEPM as guidelines under the
National Environment Protection Council Act 1994.
The NEPM is subject to review five years from the
date of commencement. The review report was
accepted in November 2006 by the National
Environment Protection Council (NEPC). The NEPC
directed the NEPC Committee to prepare a detailed
proposal to initiate a variation to the NEPM based on
the recommendations from the review. At its meeting
on 2 June 2007, the NEPC agreed to initiate the
variation process to ensure that the NEPM remains
the premier methodology for the assessment of site
contamination in Australia. The variation process
is focussing on three key themes:
• investigation levels (health, ecological and
groundwater)
• key contaminating substances
• implementation activities.
Progress has been made towards implementing
the variation:
• the f inal draft of the ecological investigation levels
framework and methodology, for consideration by
the variation team, is due to be finalised in late 2008
• the variation team has drafted an update of the
Australia New Zealand Guidelines for the
Assessment and Management of Contaminated
Sites and guidance documents on data quality
objectives to be reviewed in September 2008.
Further work on other areas is planned for 2008–09,
for example, work on the groundwater investigation
levels will begin in 2009 by which time the guidelines
that these levels are based on will have been updated.
Implementation activities
Commonwealth agencies have incorporated the
requirements of the NEPM into their organisational
activities. Agencies have in place a variety of activities
to implement the NEPM (including Environmental
Management Systems (EMS), compliance audits,
national environment assessment processes, surveys
and audits of properties and environmental management
plans) which ensure ongoing management of land
contamination issues. For example, in accordance
with their EMS, the Department of Defence has
developed a Defence Contaminated Land Strategy,
including staff training and awareness programs
for the management of contaminated sites, and
a Contaminated Sites Register, which provides
a database of information for all staff working to
support the Strategy. Air Services Australia, as part
of the Department of Infrastructure, Transport,
Regional Development and Local Government, and
the Department of Finance and Deregulation also
uses databases for recording property information to
assist in the risk assessment process. The Australian
Antarctic Division of the Department of the
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA)
uses its contaminated sites database to assist with
prioritising remediation activities, particularly for
Macquarie Island. Another example is Australia Post
where activities to implement its Environmental
Management System have led to the identif ication
of risks associated with underground fuel tanks. Most
of the tanks have been replaced with above ground
tanks and at the three sites where underground tanks
remain, underground water monitoring has been
installed and independent external audits are conducted.
The activities that Commonwealth agencies have in
place are used to ensure procedures are available to
identify contaminated sites and to further reduce the
potential for contamination through risk assessments.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 199
Cw
lth–
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for the
Commonwealth by the Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Minister for the
Environment, Heritage and the Arts for the reporting year ended
30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8200
Cw
lth
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Commonwealth agencies’ approach to the
application of the NEPM is one of delivering
a consistent methodology for the assessment of
contaminated sites across Australia. The activities
undertaken by Commonwealth agencies ensure that
resources are available to reduce potential sources
of contamination, identify contaminated sites, and
monitor already identif ied sites. Such programs aim
to ensure adequate management of these areas to
reduce the potential for future contamination. Agencies
also undertake staff awareness and training programs
along with regular reporting to ensure staff adequately
manage and monitor these contaminated sites.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Agencies are implementing and achieving the desired
outcomes of the NEPM. They have noted that the
NEPM’s principles have provided a consistent
national methodology in the assessment and detection
of contaminated sites. Several agencies have made
progress toward the desired outcomes, as outlined under
the implementation activities. Agencies commented
that the consistency provided by the NEPM created
a strong basis from which to develop their systems
for maintaining and managing contaminated sites.
DEWHA’s Australian Antarctic Division advised that
investigation levels outlined in the NEPM may not be
appropriate for use in the Antarctic where even very
low levels of contamination could be ecologically
significant. The Department of Finance and Deregulation
was pleased that training had been offered following
requests in previous years. However, they noted that
it would be beneficial for training to be available also
to service providers.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 201
NS
W –
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The National Environment Protection (Assessment
of Site Contamination) Measure (NEPM) provides
a policy framework, a recommended process for
assessing site contamination, and guidelines dealing
with salient aspects of the assessment process.
Adoption of the NEPM in NSW has been achieved
within the existing legislative framework.
Section 105 of the Contaminated Land Management
Act 1997 (CLM Act) allows the NSW Department of
Environment and Climate Change (DECC) to make
or approve guidelines for purposes connected with
the objects of the Act. The components of the NEPM
have been approved by NSW DECC as guidelines
under section 105 of the Act. These Guidelines must
be taken into consideration when the NSW DECC is
making a decision on whether a site poses a significant
risk of harm according to section 9 of the CLM Act
and when an accredited contaminated site auditor is
conducting a site audit. Guidelines made or approved
in this manner must also be publicly available for
inspection or purchase.
Implementation activities
Written advice outlining the approved NEPM
guidelines has been regularly communicated to
consultants, accredited auditors, local government,
other State government bodies, peak environment
groups, peak industry groups and peak organisations
of councils in NSW. The list of all guidelines made
or approved under section 105 of the CLM Act is
available to the public on the NSW DECC’s web site
to help increase public accessibility to the guidelines.
Measures to ensure relevant stakeholders are informed
of the NEPM are ongoing.
As noted above, section 105 of the CLM Act requires
the NEPM to be taken into consideration by the
NSW DECC when making a decision on whether
a contaminated site requires regulation under the
CLM Act and when conducting performance reviews
of accredited contaminated site auditors. The NSW
DECC verif ies that site audits and site audit
statements have been undertaken with due regard
to the NEPM.
The NEPM guidelines are generally applied
by environmental consultancies in undertaking
contaminated site investigation under the
planning process.
NSW has progressed amendments to the CLM Act
during 2007–08 year which aim to improve the
flexibility of the regulatory process, strengthen
the application of the ‘polluter pays’ principle and
replace the term ‘signif icant risk of harm’ as a
trigger for the regulatory process with a set of clearer
more objective triggers. The CLM Amendment Bill
was introduced to NSW Parliament by Minister Firth
on 25 June 2008. In addition, NSW gazetted a
Regulation on 28 March 2008, with commencement
on 1 June 2008, which mandates a preventative
approach to minimising the risk of soil and ground-
water contamination from leaking underground
petroleum storage systems (UPSS).
Implementation summary and evaluation
New South Wales has fulf illed all its obligations
under the Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM
to date. There is substantial stakeholder compliance
with the recommended assessment processes because
the requirements are integrated into pre-existing
regulatory framework.
Since its approval as a guideline under section 105 of
the CLM Act, the NEPM has been taken into account
by the NSW DECC, site auditors and consultants
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for New South
Wales by the Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the
Environment for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8202
NS
W –
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
when assessing the risks posed by contaminated sites.
During the year ending 30 June 2008, the NSW DECC
finalised 29 signif icant risk of harm assessments
under section 9 of the CLM Act, and approved site
auditors have issued 170 site audit statements
(118 statutory and 52 non-statutory).
There are no legislative requirements for the
application of the NEPM to the redevelopment
of contaminated sites under land-use planning
legislation. As the NSW DECC is not routinely
advised by Councils of redevelopment projects
managed through local planning processes, no
statewide data is available on the number of
contaminated site assessments where the NEPM
guidelines have been applied.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
As NSW policies and Guidelines were already in
accord with the standards established under the 1992
Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for the
Assessment and Management of Contaminated Sites
(which form the basis of the NEPM), the effect of the
NEPM in NSW has been to reinforce and formalise
best practice.
The NEPM leads to increased consistency between
jurisdictions, which has been advantageous for
interactions between the NSW DECC and equivalent
agencies in other states, territories and the
Commonwealth. This process has benefits for all
involved parties, as issues relating to assessment
of land contamination are consistently managed.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 203
Vic
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
A key objective within Victoria is to ensure that
the NEPM (Assessment of Site Contamination)
is implemented in a manner that complements and
builds upon existing systems.
Since 1990, the assessment of site contamination
in Victoria has largely been undertaken under the
administrative framework of the Environmental Audit
System (Contaminated Land), or—where an audit
is not required—at least under the same guidance
issued for the audit system. The audit system was
established under provisions of the Environment
Protection Act 1970 (Part IXD). This Audit System
was pioneered in Victoria, and has since been adopted
by other jurisdictions. It has provided a robust platform
for assessing site contamination to ensure protection
for human health and the environment.
Prior to development of the NEPM, site assessment
was based primarily on a combination of national
guidelines developed by the Australian and New
Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
(ANZECC), the National Environmental Health Forum
(NEHF), and some international guidelines (principally
from the Netherlands), plus a variety of policies and
guidelines issued by EPA.
In particular, the audit system adopted State
environment protection policies (SEPPs) as they
became available. SEPPs are key instruments made
under the Environment Protection Act 1970, setting
out the Victorian policy framework to protect
environmental quality. They identify the beneficial
uses of the environment, establishing environmental
quality objectives and indicators and setting out an
attainment program for meeting these objectives.
The SEPP (Prevention and Management of
Contamination of Land) [SEPP (PMCL)] was declared
by Governor In Council in Victoria in June 2002.
The SEPP (PMCL):
• integrates the various elements of EPA Victoria’s
existing systems for preventing, assessing and
managing contaminated sites in one single, consistent
statutory instrument
• clearly specif ies the beneficial uses of land to be
protected, and establishes indicators and objectives
to determine the level of environmental risk, and
appropriate investigation levels, to protect specif ic
beneficial uses. The SEPP (PMCL) adopts the
investigation levels in the NEPM guidelines as the
key objectives for land quality
• sets out requirements for consideration of site
contamination in land use planning, managing
activities which can cause contamination, and the
auditing of contaminated land.
Other statutory instruments of relevance to the
assessment and management of site contamination
include:
• the State environment protection policy
(Groundwaters of Victoria), which sets out the
beneficial uses of groundwater to be protected, the
indicators and objectives to use in determining
whether these uses are protected, and an attainment
program. While the SEPP (Groundwaters of Victoria)
was declared before the NEPM (Assessment of
Site Contamination) was f inalised, it is generally
consistent with the provisions of the NEPM
Schedule B(6)
• the Industrial waste management policy
(Prescribed Industrial Waste), which requires that
the waste hierarchy be applied in the avoidance
and management of prescribed industrial waste,
including contaminated soils. This approach is
generally consistent with clause 6(16) of the policy
framework (Part 4 of the NEPM).
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for Victoria by
the Hon. Gavin Jennings MLC, Minister for Environment and Climate
Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8204
Vic
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
The Planning and Environment Act 1987, its associated
Minister’s Direction No.1, and the Victorian Planning
Provisions reflect clause 6(5) of the policy framework
(Part 4 of the NEPM).
Implementation activities
The Victorian Government recognises that the
management and protection of the environment
is an important part of protecting public health and
wellbeing and of contributing to f inancial surety in
property development, as well as the inherent values
associated with the environment. Accordingly, the
government has strongly committed to ensuring that
planning processes, including the consideration of
development proposals, incorporate a full assessment
of public health and environmental issues and risks.
This commitment is reflected in the NEPM
implementation activities in Victoria during the
assessment year.
Victoria has continued with a number of processes
to implement the NEPM (Assessment of Site
Contamination), mainly under EPA Victoria. These
activities include:
• adopting elements of the NEPM through the
statutory instrument of the SEPP (PMCL)
• referencing the NEPM in the Environmental
Auditors (Contaminated Land) Guidelines for
the Issue of Certif icates and Statements. These
Guidelines formalise advice to environmental
auditors that they should refer to the NEPM for
guidance on various elements of site assessment
and auditing, including sampling and analysis of
soil and groundwater in contaminated sites, and
assessing the data against health and ecological
investigation levels. The content of the Guidelines
is reviewed and revised regularly as new
circumstances arise
• the Auditor Guidelines and other related policy
and advisory documents are supported by a range
of seminars and workshops (including twice-yearly
Environmental Auditor meetings) aimed at ensuring
auditors and other stakeholders are aware of the
requirements, and especially are updated on recent
developments
• appointing environmental auditors in accordance
with Part IXD of the Environment Protection Act
1970 and EPA Environmental Auditor Guidelines
for Appointment and Conduct issued in 2002 and
revised most recently in August 2007. The Guidelines
reflect the principles in NEPM Schedule B(10)
Competencies and acceptance of environmental
auditors and related professionals.
The NEPM policy framework identif ies an important
role for planning authorities in ensuring that a site
which is potentially contaminated and is being
considered for a change in land use, is suitable for
its intended future use. The Victorian Planning
Provisions have mechanisms to trigger environmental
audits in such circumstances and these are further
clarified in the SEPP (PMCL). Controls are continuing
to be developed to ensure that any conditions on the
use of a site—as stipulated as a result of an environ-
mental audit—are met (e.g. through inclusion in
planning permit conditions) and that contaminated
site information is readily available through the
planning process. A General Practice Note—Potentially
Contaminated Land was approved by the Planning
Minister and published in June 2005. This Practice
Note is assisting planning authorities to more fully
incorporate relevant site contamination issues in
planning decisions. EPA and the Department of
Planning and Community Development (DPCD)
provide joint workshops for planners and others
on implementation of the Practice Note.
Victoria now provides information through the
EPA website identifying those sites that have been
through the contaminated land Environmental
Audit process, to ensure that information relating
to audited contaminated sites is readily available
to the community.
These actions are consistent with the NEPM and the
Victorian Government’s commitment to incorporate
environmental issues into planning considerations.
IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY AND
EVALUATION
Victoria has a well-established process for the
management of contaminated sites including the
environmental auditing system. Therefore, successful
implementation of the NEPM required only minor
changes to Victoria’s existing framework. In the eight
years that the NEPM has been in operation, substantial
progress has been made in incorporating the NEPM
into statutory instruments and guidelines, particularly
through the declaration of the SEPP (PMCL) thereby
giving effect to elements of the NEPM within Victoria.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 205
Vic
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
EPA Victoria has published guidelines for
environmental auditors requiring that they refer
to the NEPM as a key reference document when
assessing site contamination. EPA Victoria also
contributes to education, guidance and improvements
in site assessment falling outside the audit framework
(e.g., through workshops attended by assessment
and remediation consultants, land developers, local
government planners). EPA is considering other
means by which to provide further guidance on non-
audit site assessment. Guidance about contamination
assessment of non-audit sites references the
principles of the NEPM framework.
Victoria continues to be a leader in the area of
contaminated site assessment, including the
environmental audit system. Inclusion of aspects
of the NEPM guidelines within Victoria’s statutory
framework has provided a more consolidated and
comprehensive body of guidance for the assessment
of contaminated sites.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM reinforces an existing framework for the
management of contaminated sites in Victoria by
providing consistent consolidated guidance on the
assessment of site contamination. Some improvements
in the consistency of site assessment have resulted
from use of the NEPM. Further improvements in
consistency are the object of ongoing developments.
The NEPM is well supported by environmental
auditors and others in the site assessment industry,
with comments indicating that it is a comprehensive
source of guidance.
It is still the case that the NEPM is being implemented
with a bias toward the assessment of health effects,
e.g. contaminant concentrations are compared to the
health based investigation levels without due
consideration of the ecological investigation levels.
EPA Victoria continues to remind environmental
auditors and site assessor of the need to properly
assess both health and ecological impacts in
accordance with the NEPM. The greater level of
guidance provided in relation to the assessment
of health risk (compared to ecological risk) and the
more comprehensive listing of health investigation
levels (compared to ecological investigation levels)
appears to have contributed to the observed bias in
site assessment practice. However, there is a growing
awareness of the need for assessment of ecological
health risk. This presents one possible area of
attention for the review of the NEPM.
In addition, the NEPM could be more effective
if it was expanded to contain more guidance on
some of the volatile contaminants that are commonly
encountered on many sites, particularly former service
station sites, many of which are being redeveloped
as a result of the rationalisations in the oil industry.
Victoria is represented on the project team
undertaking the review of the NEPM.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8206
Qld
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM is incorporated into the Queensland
Government’s administration of contaminated land
through Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
guidelines and using site specif ic conditions on
statutory approvals relating to site contamination
under the provisions of the Environmental Protection
Act 1994 (EP Act) and the Integrated Planning Act
1997 (IP Act).
The EP Act requires the establishment, operation and
maintenance of registers about contaminated and
potentially contaminated land—the Environmental
Management Register and the Contaminated Land
Register (EMR/CLR). The EMR/CLR can be searched
by the public on a fee-per-lot basis with the aim of
providing public information on site contamination
in accordance with the policy framework in Section
6 (6) of the NEPM.
The EMR lists:
• sites that have been used for potentially contaminating
activities that warrant further investigation should
a change of land use be proposed
• sites that have been assessed as having residual
contamination that can be safely managed under
the conditions of a statutory Site Management Plan
(SMP) for specif ied land uses.
The CLR lists sites that involve serious environmental
harm and where regulatory action is required to address
any human health or environmental risk.
The EPA sets technical guidelines for the assessment
and management of contaminated land that must be
used by private sector environmental professionals
undertaking contaminated land work. In all cases,
assessment work involving statutory decisions under
the EP Act must be conducted according to the NEPM.
In keeping with the policy framework under Section
6 (5) of the NEPM, development applications for
EMR/CLR listed sites and other potentially
contaminated sites must be referred to the EPA under
IP Act regulations. The EPA has a concurrence role
for these developments. Relevant conditions are set
by the EPA that must be attached to development
approvals to ensure that assessment issues are
addressed in accordance with the NEPM and land is
made suitable for its intended use from a contamination
perspective. This link to the planning legislation
provides a process to capture sites with potential
contamination at the redevelopment stage. This stage
usually involves moves to a type of land use where
contamination may cause an increased risk to human
health or the environment.
Implementation activities
The EPA is the central administering authority for
contaminated land in Queensland. Local government
is the assessment manager for the majority of
developments including the separation and direction
to the EPA of applications that involve contamination
issues. In addition, local government plays an important
role in notifying the EPA of land with potential
contamination issues for listing on the EMR.
The following relevant operational data estimates
associated with NEPM implementation were collected
in the reporting period 2007–08:
• 59 site assessment and validation reports were
reviewed for compliance with Sections 6 (13)
and (14) of the NEPM prior to statutory decisions
regarding EMR/CLR status of the subject land. Of
these assessments, additional information under
notices was sought from the submitters in 48 cases
• 498 development applications were forwarded to
the EPA under IP Act conditions for contaminated
land issues. Further contaminated site assessment
information to NEPM requirements was sought
from development applicants in 109 cases
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for Queensland
by the Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate
Change and Innovation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 207
Qld
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
• 151 sites were finalised as being adequately assessed
according to the NEPM, and were decontaminated
and removed from the EMR. A further 70 Site
Management Plans were issued for development
or use of a site including those that were assessed
and partially decontaminated with management
of residual contamination for restricted land uses.
A total of 1374 sites were deleted from the EMR
under ongoing data validation programs
• 182 permits were issued for the transport and
disposal of contaminated soil in accordance with
NEPM Section 6 (4)
• 64 sites were placed under audit by third party
reviewers (TPRs) appointed under the EPA’s
Operational Policy for TPR. TPRs independently
oversee the work of contaminated land consultants
to ensure that a high standard of remediation work
is achieved.
Thirteen TPRs appointed by the EPA are currently
practicing in Queensland subject to the EPA’s
requirements, including six auditors accredited in
New South Wales and Victoria. In the reporting
period, one additional TPR appointment was made
of a senior professional in accordance with the
NEPM guideline Schedule B (10).
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NEPM has been adopted as a central reference
document for assessment of site contamination in
Queensland, supported by Queensland’s guidelines
on contaminated land. Its use is well established in
contaminated land practices, leading to effective
and practical site and development outcomes.
The use of the NEPM by contaminated land
practitioners is mandated by the EPA through the
provisions of the EP Act and IP Act and by TPRs in
auditing site assessment work. All applications to the
EPA for statutory decisions about site contamination
and altering the status of land on the EMR/CLR
must demonstrate compliance with the NEPM. When
necessary, the EPA seeks additional information
to clarify compliance issues relating to the NEPM,
prior to altering the EMR/CLR status of land.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The current NEPM has continued as an effective
technical basis of site assessment for contaminated
site professionals operating in Queensland. Statutory
approval conditions related to development require
adherence to the NEPM. The quality control procedures
applied by the EPA in internal review of assessment
reports involve a review of the practitioner’s adherence
to the NEPM. Additional information is requested
where there is poor reporting or inconsistency with
the NEPM.
Similarly, Queensland-appointed TPRs review site
assessment work, by practitioners, for compliance
with the NEPM. The acceptance of accredited auditors
from other Australian jurisdictions continues to
provide an additional check of consistency between
Queensland and other Australian jurisdictions. In the
reporting period, a total of 151 land parcels were
either removed from the EMR/CLR or made ‘fit-for-use’
through the approval of statutory Site Management
Plans. The use of the NEPM played a major role in
achieving these outcomes.
In the assessment process, ongoing diff iculties are
evident in the misuse by some contaminated land
professionals of the health and ecological investigation
levels listed in Schedule B (1) Guideline on the
Investigation Levels for Soil and Groundwater. This
continues to lead to unwarranted remediation or
underestimation of environmental risk. In some
cases, owners and developers are concerned that any
potential contamination could affect the market value
of their site. This may cause over-remediation, with
the investigation levels used as clean-up criteria. In
these cases, making the land ‘fit-for-use’ under NEPM
guidelines is not sufficient for some owners who
consider that any contamination is to the detriment
of property valuation.
There are other concerns about excessive conservatism
in site clean-up, in particular, related to small residual
quantities of bonded asbestos material in development
sites. Remediation of these sites generates signif icant
costs associated with removal and disposal of large
quantities of essentially uncontaminated soil.
There are also complex issues concerning the use of
appropriate soil criteria for petroleum hydrocarbons
and volatile organic compounds with regard to their
potential to penetrate into building interiors. These
and other issues of concern have been identif ied in
the current review of the NEPM and their revision and
upgrading should improve the NEPM’s effectiveness.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8208
WA
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
Western Australia
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Contaminated Sites Act 2003 (CS Act) and the
associated Contaminated Sites Regulations 2006
came into effect on 1 December 2006. The CS Act
was drafted in accordance with the principles of
the NEPM. The CS Act contains provisions for the
making of guidelines, based on elements of the NEPM.
During 2007–08, the f irst full f inancial year of
operation of the CS Act, the Department of
Environment and Conservation (DEC) received 280
new reports of known or suspected contaminated sites.
Three hundred and sixty three reports were assessed
by DEC Officers and classif ied under the CS Act
(including some sites reported in earlier years). Soil
and groundwater investigations have confirmed the
presence of contamination at a total of 163 sites,
which have been listed on the publicly-available
database on DEC’s website.
Implementation activities
To assist compliance with the CS Act and the
principles of the NEPM, DEC has developed the
Contaminated Sites Management Series which
includes fourteen ‘administrative’ and ‘technical’
guidelines. The technical guidelines reference the
NEPM and relevant Australian Standards. These
guidelines are taken into account by DEC when
making decisions on the investigation, clean up
and risk assessment of sites.
No new or updated guidelines were released
in 2007–08.
The DEC has also continued the investigation of
sensitive contaminated sites in WA in accordance
with the principles of the NEPM where the state
has assumed responsibility for investigation and
remediation.
The introduction of accredited contaminated sites
auditors in conjunction with the CS Act has
corresponded with an improvement in the standard
of the investigation and reporting of contaminated
sites and has ensured that more contaminated sites
work is completed in accordance with the principles
of the NEPM.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Western Australia has used the methodology
established under the NEPM to prepare and
implement a successful regulatory and administrative
framework for the assessment and management of
contaminated sites in WA. The classif ication of sites
under the CS Act continues as the main mechanism
for the implementation of the NEPM in WA.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Contaminated Sites Act 2003, Contaminated
Sites Regulations 2006 and the Contaminated Sites
Management Series guidelines enforce the principles
of the NEPM in terms of site investigation and
management in WA. Although the NEPM only covers
the investigation of sites, its principles in terms of
sampling and risk assessment are also able to be utilised
for validation sampling and monitoring as part of the
management of sites. The effectiveness of the NEPM
will be enhanced following its current revision which
will bring the NEPM up to date with contemporary
technology and assessment methods. Inclusion of the
principles of site management and remediation in the
NEPM will go some way to providing a nationally
consistent framework for site management.
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for Western
Australia by the Hon. Donna Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 209
SA
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Section 4 of the transitional provisions in the
Environment Protection (Miscellaneous) Amendment
Act 2005, Sch 1 enables the continued operation of
the National Environment Protection (Assessment
of Site Contamination) Measure (NEPM), as an
Environment Protection Policy.
The EP Act now has provisions to address site
contamination. The provisions are provided in the
Environment Protection (Site Contamination)
Amendment Act, 2007 (Amendment Act). The
majority of these provisions are yet to commence.
The planned commencement date is mid 2009.
Regulations subordinate to this Act are in the f inal
stages of preparation.
This Amendment Act is an important step in the
process of managing site contamination in South
Australia. Site contamination is a matter of
international and national concern that has emerged
as a major environmental and land use planning issue
in South Australia over the past decade, following
a number of cases in the late 1980s and 1990s
when development occurred on land where site
contamination was subsequently found to exist.
There are two key principles to the legislation—
polluter pays and risk based decision making.
Site contamination, as defined in the Amendment
Act, exists when chemical substances have been
added to a site through an activity, above background
concentrations and the presence of the chemical
substances results in an actual or potential harm
to human health or the environment, taking into
account the land use. For harm to water, land use
is not considered.
The Amendment Act provides the EPA with the
power to order the person responsible for causing site
contamination to assess and, if necessary, remediate
the property to ensure that there is appropriate
protection for human or environmental health.
The legislation also takes a risk-based approach to
site remediation; that is, the response to managing
a site is based on an evaluation of the degree of the
risk presented by the contaminant, which is linked
to the land use of that site. Remediation is legislated
to include contain, treat, manage and remove.
The Amendment Act allows for the establishment of
recognised experts external to the government for site
contamination management, that is, assessment and
remediation through a system of accredited auditors.
Independent auditors have been accredited under that
site contamination legislation in Victoria, New South
Wales and Western Australia for a number of years.
The Amendment Act is also innovative in that it allows
full or partial liability to be transferred from one
person to another, through the purchase or transfer of
land, where there is a genuine arm’s length transaction.
The legislation allows for voluntary proposals that
enable a person to avoid being served with an order.
The SA EPA continues to provide written and
verbal guidance and information in regard to site
contamination, particularly the NEPM, to planning
authorities, environmental consultants, environmental
auditors, industry and the community.
The establishment of a regulatory framework for
managing site contamination will signif icantly
enhance the SA EPA’s ability to ensure the proper
implementation of the NEPM.
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for South
Australia by the Hon. Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and
Conservation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
South Australia
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8210
SA
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
Implementation activities
The principles of the NEPM have been introduced,
where appropriate, into licence conditions, guidelines
and advice issued by the EPA.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Implementation of the NEPM is ongoing.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The commencement of a legislative framework for
managing site contamination will be instrumental
in achieving the NEPM's purpose and desired
environmental outcomes.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 211
Ta
s–
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Under Section 12A of the State Policies and Projects
Act 1993, NEPMs are taken to be state policies
immediately after they are made by the National
Environment Protection Council. When NEPMs
become State Policies, they come within the
provisions of Section 13 of the State Policies and
Projects Act 1993, including the obligation (Section
13(3)) for the Resource Planning and Development
Commission to amend planning schemes to remove
any inconsistencies with the State Policy. Section
13 (1) of the State Policies and Projects Act 1993
provides that the state policy prevails in the event
of any inconsistency.
Implementation of the NEPM within planning
schemes is progressing, with a number of councils
revising the structure and content of their planning
schemes over the past few years to incorporate the
need to trigger site assessments in the planning
process. A standard planning schedule has been
developed and will be f inalised following extensive
stakeholder consultation.
Implementation activities
The management and regulation of contaminated
sites is administered by the Environment Protection
Authority (EPA) and by Local Government. The
NEPM has been adopted by the EPA as a set of
guidelines that should be complied with when
conducting site contamination assessments. Any site
assessment conducted where the proponent requires
the EPA’s endorsement, or site ‘sign-off ’, must be
in compliance with the NEPM.
Amendments were made to the Environmental
Management and Pollution Control Act 1994
which introduced a new Part in the Act specif ically
dealing with contaminated sites. The amendments
commenced on Royal Assent in November 2007.
These changes ensure that notices can be served to
require investigation, remediation and management
of sites and require landholders to notify government
of contamination. These provisions advance the
management of contaminated sites and achievement
of the NEPM goal. When the Director, Environment
Protection Authority requires site assessment or
remediation works in a Notice issued under the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control
Act 1994, compliance with the NEPM is a mandatory
condition.
The EPA is also currently developing a procedure
for management of underground petroleum storage
systems aimed at preventing site contamination or
identifying it as early as possible. Reference to the
NEPM assessment guidelines will be an integral
part of this procedure.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Tasmania continues to progress the implementation
of the NEPM through the development of a standard
planning schedule, recent amendments to the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control
Act 1994, development of a procedure for preventing
environmental harm on sites with underground
petroleum storage systems and by incorporating
reference to it in all guidelines produced.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has provided highly useful guidance
to professional practitioners in the f ield of site
contamination assessment. The review of the NEPM
should increase its effectiveness ensure it takes
account of recent developments in the f ield.
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for Tasmania by
the Hon. Michelle O’Byrne MP, Minister for the Environment, Parks,
Heritage and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8212
AC
T –
AS
SE
SS
ME
NT
OF
SIT
E C
ON
TA
MIN
AT
ION
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In the Australian Capital Territory, the Department
of Territory and Municipal Services (specif ically
Environment Protection and Heritage) has the
responsibility for the implementation and administration
of the National Environment Protection (Assessment
of Site Contamination) Measure.
The provisions of the NEPM were achieved through
amendments to the Environment Protection Act 1997
which came into effect on 18 March 2000.
Implementation activities
The Assessment of Site Contamination NEPM has
been fully implemented in the ACT.
The Contaminated Sites Environment Protection
Policy (EPP), made under the Environment Protection
Act 1997, was f inalised in November 2000 and is the
primary policy document for the assessment and
management of contaminated land in the ACT. The EPP
references the NEPM as a key resource for assessing
contaminated land in the ACT.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Environment Protection and Heritage actively
promotes the guidelines contained in Schedule B
of the NEPM as the primary reference tools to be
used by environmental consultant’s and contaminated
land auditor’s when performing contaminated land
assessments in the ACT.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has proven to be a valuable resource tool
for the assessment of site contamination in the ACT
and has led to a consistent approach to site assessment
across the ACT and ensures the ACT contributes to
a nationally consistent approach to the assessment
of site contamination.
The implementation of the recommendations of the
NEPM review will only add to the effectiveness of
the NEPM into the future and are eagerly awaited
in the ACT.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for the Australian
Capital Territory by Mr Jon Stanhope MLA, Minister for Environment,
Water and Climate Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 213
NT
– A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T O
F S
ITE
CO
NT
AM
INA
TIO
N
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 198)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Northern Territory Government has drafted
an Environment Protection Objective (EPO) under
section 22 of the Waste Management and Pollution
Control Act 1998. The associated guidance material
on contaminated site assessment has been developed
but is not yet f inalised. There continues to be
signif icant delays in f inalising the EPO but it is
hoped that completion and promulgation will occur
in 2008–09.
Implementation activities
The NEPM has been implemented in the NT via
administrative processes pending the f inalisation
of the EPO. The Development Consent Authority
(DCA) can issue conditioned permits that require
the development proponent to undertake formal site
assessment with the engagement of a Victorian or
New South Wales accredited site contamination auditor.
This occurs at sites where preliminary contamination
assessment undertaken by credible environmental
consultants has established that investigation thresholds
have been exceeded for contaminants of concern.
In the NT the auditor thus engaged also oversights
the development and implementation of a Remedial
Action Plan (RAP) to render the land f it for purpose.
An auditor’s Statement of Environmental Audit for
any particular site then provides government with the
necessary guidance to place on title a caution notice
or administrative note that gives effect to the auditor’s
recommendations. The proponent cannot proceed
with any development unless the DCA is satisf ied
that its conditions have been met. The DCA relies
on advice for such matters to be compiled and
forwarded from the Department of Natural Resources,
Environment the Arts and Sport.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Notwithstanding the delay in f inalising the EPO,
processes and policies are in place to ensure that
contamination assessment is conducted in a systematic
and thorough way consistent with the NEPM goals.
Engagement of accredited auditors to oversight the
work has ensured that bringing land in the NT to
a f it for purpose state is consistent with national
best practice environmental management.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM has allowed for the ‘level playing f ield’
for site contamination assessment and remediation
to be established in the NT. The NEPM Review
conducted over 2005–06 has been thorough with
priority recommendations now being implemented
at a national level. The Review identif ied some
key areas for improvement and the NT is strongly
supportive of those recommendations. Of particular
importance to the NT will be the reworking of the
1992 ANZECC guidance material to assist in
providing transparency to the process and ensuring
that sensible environmental outcomes are achieved.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure for the Northern
Territory by the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Diesel Vehicle Emissions NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8216
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
Diesel Vehicle Emissions
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure
Made by Council: 29 June 2001
Commencement Date: 18 July 2001
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No GN 28, 18 July, 2001 p 2014)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The goal of the National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure is set out in
clause 10 of the Measure as follows:
10. National environment protection goal
The goal of this Measure is to reduce exhaust
emissions from diesel vehicles, by facilitating
compliance with in-service emissions standards
for diesel vehicles.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome of the National
Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions)
Measure is set out in clause 11 of the Measure
as follows:
11. Desired environmental outcome
The desired environmental outcome of this
Measure is to reduce pollution from in-service
diesel vehicles.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Reporting requirements set out in clause 15 (1) of the
Measure are as follows:
It is intended that each participating jurisdiction
submit a report to the Council on the following
matters:
a) Assessment of the need to take action to
manage emissions from the in–service diesel
fleet, utilising the criteria specif ied in clause 13
b) Description of actions taken.
A brief report of all programs implemented
during the reporting year to manage emissions
from in–service diesel vehicles, including any
programs implemented that are not covered by
the guidelines in Schedule A of this Measure.
This description should take account of:
– the scope of action required to achieve
the Goal and the Desired Environmental
Outcome specif ied in this Measure; and
– any action taken and progress made to reduce
emissions from in-service diesel vehicles
prior to the commencement of this Measure
(relevant to the f irst year of reporting).
c) Assessment of the effectiveness of any
actions taken.
Participating jurisdictions must assess their
progress in reducing emissions from in–service
diesel vehicles identif ied as signif icant
contributors to air quality problems.
This assessment should include:
– an estimation of any change in the proportion
of diesel vehicles out of compliance with
in–service emissions standards; and
– an estimation of the reduction in diesel
vehicle emissions to ambient air.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 217
Cw
lth–
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM is supported by the following Common-
wealth legislative, regulatory and administrative
framework:
• Australian Design Rules under the Motor Vehicle
Standards Act 1989
• Fuel Quality Standards Act 2000
• incentives and fuel tax credit arrangements.
The desired environmental outcome of this NEPM
is to reduce pollution from in-service diesel vehicles.
This outcome complements the emission improvements
arising from Commonwealth legislation such as the
Motor Vehicles Standards Act 1989 and the Fuel
Quality Standards Act 2000.
The Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989 establishes
new vehicle emission standards as Australian Design
Rules (ADRs). The ADRs are harmonised to a
considerable extent with the international vehicle
standards developed by the United Nations. New
ADRs progressively tighten vehicle emission standards
and lead to signif icantly reduced emissions of diesel
particulates and other pollutants.
The diesel fuel quality standard set under Fuel
Quality Standards Act 2000 has direct implications
for the improvement of diesel vehicle operations and
emissions. The quality of diesel is continually
improving to meet tighter vehicle emission standards.
For example, the amount of sulphur permissible in
Australian automotive diesel will decrease from
50mg/kg to 10mg/kg on 1 January 2009.
Incentives were introduced by the government in
2003 to capture early environmental benefits of
cleaner fuels. The incentive to refiners and importers
helps to offset the higher costs of producing cleaner
fuels and to bring forward supplies in advance of the
mandated dates.
Under the Fuel Tax Act 2006 businesses wishing to seek
a fuel tax credit for the use of diesel fuel in a heavy
road vehicle must satisfy one of four environmental
criteria to be eligible for the credit. One of these
criteria is passing the Australian Transport Council’s
in-service emission standard for diesel vehicles (also
known as the ‘DT80’ test), provided that test is
performed by a suitably equipped test facility. The
DT80 test was developed as part of this NEPM.
Implementation activities
The Commonwealth has undertaken a number
of activities during the reporting year that have
contributed to the NEPM goal of reducing exhaust
emissions from diesel vehicles. The key initiative has
been the continued assistance provided to jurisdictions
to develop in-service emission testing facilities and
inspection programs for petrol and diesel vehicles.
During the reporting year, projects were completed
in Tasmania and continued in New South Wales,
Victoria, Western Australia, Queensland and South
Australia. Over $21 million in funding has been
provided under this program.
Other actions by the Commonwealth that will
signif icantly help the management of diesel vehicle
emissions are:
• Euro 4 emission standards were fully implemented
for light duty diesel vehicles on 1 January 2007
and for heavy diesel vehicles from 1 January 2008.
Euro 4 standards are the most stringent United
Nations standards applicable to light diesels that
are currently in place
• a second phase of incentives to encourage the early
supply of 10mg/kg sulphur diesel came into effect
during the reporting year, two years before the
mandated date for this fuel.
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for the Commonwealth by
the Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage
and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
A key area of attention for the Commonwealth under
the Diesel NEPM is its vehicle fleet. The profile
of the fleet indicates that the vehicles tend to be
relatively new and well maintained. A summary
profile of the Commonwealth’s diesel fleet follows:
• there are approximately 6000 diesel vehicles
operated by Commonwealth agencies
• over 95% of the diesel fleet was manufactured
in or after 1995, the year that ADR 70 (which
set limits on emissions of CO, HC, NOx and
particulates from diesel vehicles) was introduced
• approximately 80% of the Commonwealth’s diesel
fleet is less than f ive years old
• half of the diesel vehicles in the Commonwealth
fleet operate predominantly in rural areas.
All Commonwealth agencies operating diesel vehicles
report that their vehicles are serviced according
to the manufacturer’s specif ications at specif ied
frequencies, thus minimising emissions through
regular maintenance. Agencies also report a variety
of actions undertaken to reduce emissions from
diesel vehicles, including:
• regular change over to new models to facilitate the
ordered upgrade of fleets with newer and more
efficient vehicles
• ensuring vehicle selection is optimised to suit work
conditions and applications
• driver training
• adherence to the Australia Green Vehicle Guide
in making purchasing decisions.
The Commonwealth chaired the review of the
Diesel NEPM, which was f inalised in April 2007
and had its recommendations adopted by the National
Environment Protection Council later in that year.
The Commonwealth is continuing to lead the work
on implementation of the recommendations arising
from the review.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Commonwealth is making strong progress
towards reducing emissions from in-service diesel
vehicles through:
• administration of the Fuel Quality Standards Act
2000 and the Motor Vehicle Standards Act 1989
• provision of funding support to jurisdictions to
develop and implement diesel in-service emissions
testing programs and to establish testing facilities
• proper maintenance and management of its
diesel fleet.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Commonwealth considers the NEPM to be
beneficial in reducing emissions from diesel vehicles
across Australia and a useful component of the
broader framework to manage emissions. While the
Commonwealth has no airshed responsibilities in
regard to Diesel NEPM goals, considerable progress
has been made toward achieving these goals through
national initiatives including Australian Design Rules,
fuel quality standards, and incentives to bring
forward supplies of lower sulphur diesel fuel.
As highlighted in the 2007 review of the NEPM, a
signif icant amount of experience has been gained
in its implementation to date. Furthermore, since the
introduction of the NEPM, fuel quality has improved
and new vehicles are required to meet more stringent
emissions limits, both of which impact on in-service
emissions. Updating the NEPM, improving techniques
for evaluation of implementation activities and
further work on emissions testing and standards,
as recommended in the review, will assist in ensuring
the continued relevance and effectiveness of
the NEPM.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8218
Cw
lth
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 219
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In New South Wales, the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure (Diesel
NEPM) is implemented under the framework of the
New South Wales Government’s 25–year air quality
management plan, Action for Air. The comprehensive
range of programs and strategies contained in Action
for Air and the Action for Air Updates, of 2002 and
2006, include strategies directed at protecting air
quality through controls on motor vehicle emissions.
The Protection of the Environment Operations Act
1997 (NSW) and, under the Act, the Protection of
the Environment Operations (Clean Air) Regulation
2002 (NSW) (the Regulation), provide the regulatory
framework for action to address emissions from the
in-service diesel fleet. The Regulation underpins the
Smoky Vehicle Program, a key element of Diesel
NEPM implementation in New South Wales.
Specif ically, the Regulation prohibits excessive
visible smoke emissions from vehicles and tampering
with emission control equipment. Warnings, f ines,
inspection notices and defective vehicle notices can
be issued to owners of excessively smoky vehicles
reported under the Smoky Vehicle Program, and
repair of vehicles is sometimes required. In some
serious cases, and for some repeat offenders,
prosecutions are launched by the Department of
Environment and Climate Change (DECC).
The in-service diesel vehicle emission standards
established in NRTC/NTC Regulations provide the
benchmark against which the emissions performance
of diesel vehicles are assessed. In this way, the
in-service standards play an important role in
program development.
Implementation activities
Air quality is a major environmental issue for some
parts of NSW, particularly in Sydney and the Greater
Metropolitan Region (GMR). This area includes
Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong and contains
about three quarters of the State's population. Local
topography is particularly important in this region
as the location of human settlements in natural basins
makes them vulnerable to poor air quality under
certain weather conditions.
Motor vehicles emissions estimates
On-road mobile sources contribute approximately
71% oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 12% particles
(PM10) emissions from all anthropogenic sources in
the Sydney region. Although in 2008 diesel vehicles
made up approximately 10.9% of the on-road mobile
fleet, they contributed disproportionately to air
pollution from on-road mobile sources. Diesel vehicles
contribute approximately 32% NOx and 61% PM10
emissions from on-road mobile sources in the Sydney
Region. (Source: DECC (2007), Air Emissions
Inventory for the Greater Metropolitan Region in
NSW, Criteria Pollutant Emissions for all Sectors:
Results, Department of Environment and Climate
Change, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia.)
Emissions from diesel vehicles are predicted to fall
from 2005 to 2010 with the introduction of more
stringent Euro 3 and 4 diesel vehicle emissions standards
and the progressive reduction of sulphur in diesel
(i.e. 50ppm from 2006 and then 10ppm from 2009).
Diesel vehicle fleet profile
Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) registration data
show that the proportion of diesel vehicles in the
fleet continues to grow and constituted 10.9% of the
fleet at 30 June 2008, up from 10.2% in 2007 and 9.7%
in 2006 (see table 1 below). Light commercial vehicles
(LCVs) constitute the largest sector of the diesel fleet
at 51.8%. Off-road passenger vehicles account for
18.1% of the diesel fleet. Together, these categories
account for 69.9% of the total diesel fleet in NSW.
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for New South Wales by the
Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the Environment
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8220
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
RTA registration data indicate that the number
of diesel vehicles registered in New South Wales
increased. Between June 2007 and June 2008, the
overall number of diesel vehicles increased by 43 219
or 10.2%. Light commercial vehicles accounted for
49.8% of the increases. Information gathered to f ill
knowledge gaps prior to the development of the
Diesel NEPM (NEPC Preparatory Project 1—Diesel
Fleet Characteristics) indicated that the proportion
of the total Australian fleet constituted by diesel
vehicles was likely to increase from 8.3% in 1995
to 15% by 2015.
Diesel Vehicles (%)
NSW Passenger Off-road Light Heavy Prime Small Buses Total
June 2006 Vehicles Passenger Commercial Trucks Movers Buses
Vehicles Vehicles
Diesels in Total
NSW Fleet 0.6 2.0 5.6 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.3 10.9
Diesel Vehicles
in Diesel Fleet 5.7 18.1 51.8 15.8 4.4 1.5 2.7 100
Source: RTA registration data June 2008
Table 1: Diesel vehicles by category as proportion of total fleet and diesel fleet
Vehicle type No. of diesel vehicles Change Percentage Proportion Proportion
June June change (%) of total of total
2007 2008 decrease (%) increase (%)
Passenger Vehicles 15473 26472 10999 71.1 - 25.4
Off-Road Passenger Vehicles 75020 84587 9567 12.7 - 22.1
Light Commercial Vehicles 220669 242184 21515 9.7 - 49.8
Heavy Trucks 74066 73661 405 0.5 -0.9 -
Prime Movers 15747 20443 696 29.8 - 10.9
Small Buses 11717 7198 4519 38.6 -10.4 -
Buses 11270 12636 1366 1.2 - 3.2
Total 423962 467181 43219 10.2 100 100
Source: RTA registration data June 2008
Table 2: Change in diesel vehicles by category
Registration data show that, in 2008, 30.3% of the
diesel fleet in NSW was manufactured prior to 1996.
Tighter emissions standards for new vehicles for NOx
and particles were introduced in 1996 under Australian
Design Rule 70 (ADR70). Stricter emissions standards
have been introduced for vehicles manufactured
from 2002 under ADR80.00, and from 2007 under
ADR80.02.
Projected increase in vehicle kilometres travelled
Both the number of diesel vehicles and the vehicle
kilometres travelled (VKT) of diesel vehicles are
increasing. The number of vehicles in the fleet
complying with ADR70 or better is gradually
increasing. However, a number of older vehicles
are still in service with their contribution to VKT
remaining signif icant.
The VKT forecast from the Transport Data Centre
of the Ministry of Transport, that was used in DECC
modelling, estimates an average increase to overall
diesel vehicle VKT in the GMR of 0.91% per annum
from 2001 to 2026.
Ambient air quality monitoring
NSW’s Air Quality Monitoring Program is currently
the largest in Australia, with a comprehensive
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 221
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
monitoring network operated by DECC. Sydney’s air
has been monitored for a range of pollutants since
the 1960s. Current reporting on ambient air quality
levels is referenced against the National Environment
Protection (Ambient Air Quality) Measure (Air NEPM).
Air quality monitoring data collected during 2007
demonstrate that New South Wales achieved
compliance with the Air NEPM goals for carbon
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and lead,
with their levels being well below the relevant Air
NEPM standards.
Compliance with the goals for photochemical smog
was shown in all regions except Sydney in 2007 and
this is detailed in the NSW report in the Air NEPM
implementation. The Sydney, Illawarra and Lower
Hunter Regions complied with the Air NEPM for
particles (as PM10) in 2007. However, the rural towns
of Wagga Wagga and Albury did not. This highlights
the diff iculty of compliance with the PM10 standard
and goal in some rural population centres due to a
combination of drought, agricultural practices and
a relatively high use of solid fuel heaters which
produces elevated levels of particles in autumn
and winter.
DECC’s smoky vehicle program
In New South Wales, it is an offence for a vehicle to
emit visible smoke continuously for more than ten
seconds. An Enforcement Officer (who has undertaken
training and been officially designated to enforce the
relevant legislation) may report an observation that
results in the owner of a smoky vehicle being issued
with a penalty notice. In 2007–08, 495 penalty
notices were issued to owners of diesel vehicles.
Prosecutions may also occur, usually where a person
issued with a penalty notice decides to have the
matter dealt with in court, or where a smoky vehicle
has previously been observed by an authorised
officer on a number of occasions. In 2007–08,
there were twenty-three prosecutions, all involving
diesel vehicles.
In addition, the public may report smoky vehicles via
the DECC’s Pollution Line or DECC website. As a
result of public reports the DECC may issue warning
letters to the registered owners of these vehicles. In
2007–08, 103 warning letters were issued to diesel
vehicle owners.
Annual statistics
Table 3 shows a breakdown of the percentage of
smoky diesel vehicles observed by authorised
officers and the percentage of diesel vehicle owners
that received f ines or warning letters as a proportion
of the total fleet.
Table 3: Smoky Vehicle Statistics NSW
July
00
–Ju
ne
01
July
01
–Ju
ne
02
July
02
–Ju
ne
03
July
03
–Ju
ne
04
July
04
–Ju
ne
05
July
05
–Ju
ne
06
July
06
–Ju
ne
07
July
07
–Ju
ne
08
Total number of vehicles observed (Reports
from authorised officers and general public) 8554 7546 6918 6285 5116 4581 3013 3706
Diesel vehicles observed 3299 3480 3781 3672 2882 2099 1752 1337
Percentage of all vehicles observed that
were diesel vehicles 38.6% 45.5% 54.7% 58.4% 56.3% 45.8% 58.1% 36%
Total number of vehicles that received fines 2392 2042 1847 1545 1175 694 664 616
Diesel vehicles that received f ines 2279 1896 1696 1448 1127 580 527 495
Percentage of all vehicles f ined that were
diesel vehicles 95.3% 93% 91.8% 93.7% 95.9% 83.6% 79.3% 80%
Total vehicles that received warning letters 2860 2880 2901 2398 2017 1405 1123 755
Diesel vehicles that received warning letters 672 523 520 450 303 174 161 103
Percentage of all vehicles that received
warning letters that were diesel vehicles 23.5% 18% 17.9% 18.8% 15% 12.4% 14.3% 14%
Data from the eight years indicate that smoky diesel
vehicles are more likely to receive f ines—with about
90% of all f ines related to excessive emissions from
diesel vehicles. Owners of petrol vehicles, which are
most often reported by members of the public, are
more likely to receive warning letters.
Testing infrastructure
RTA has procured diesel vehicle exhaust emissions
testing equipment with Diesel NEPM funding. The
equipment includes:
• heavy duty dynamometer—in combination with
a laboratory grade analysis unit, provides for
emissions testing research.
• lightweight dynamometer—in combination with
an analysis unit, provides for mobile emissions
testing.
• testing van—contains the analysis equipment
allowing for on-site emissions analysis in
combination with the dynamometers.
• briefcase analyser—will provide a more compact
and affordable emission test system.
Research has enabled previously expensive and lengthy
diesel emission testing conducted in laboratories
to become more accessible. Simplifying the test has
allowed the RTA to take emission testing to fleet
depots and conduct tests in very short times. The
Briefcase Analyser has been trialled and a number of
modifications and improvements were implemented.
This has resulted in an improved ‘briefcase unit’ that
is now the production model. The RTA has ordered
one of the f irst production model briefcase units.
This testing infrastructure will allow the RTA to
conduct vehicle emissions audits for the Clean Fleet
Program, investigate new emissions management
technologies and promote the use of cleaner vehicles
and technologies.
RTA audited maintenance (Clean Fleet)program
The Clean Fleet Program was launched in 2006 and
continues to encourage diesel operators to reduce
diesel vehicle emissions. Currently, there are more
than 5600 vehicles in the program. Participants must
meet four standards which were developed following
an extensive emission testing program. By repairing
the worst-emitting vehicles and then retesting them,
the repair and maintenance factors that have the
biggest impact on pollution levels were identif ied.
Clean Fleet is an accredited program under the
Federal Fuel Tax Credits Program and participants
are eligible to seek a diesel rebate. The Ministry of
Transport requires metropolitan bus systems contract
operators to comply with the Clean Fleet Program
and DECC also requires waste management
contractors to become members of the program
within six months of commencing a waste services
contract with local councils.
Repair industry training
The RTA, in conjunction with TAFE, developed a
How to Reduce Truck Emissions awareness course
which includes a module about how to join the RTA’s
Clean Fleet Program. The four-hour course is targeted
at truck owners, operators, diesel mechanics, and
fleet and workshop managers. The course provides
practical information on emission reduction measures
and covers the impacts of pollution, fault f inding
methods and maintenance. Courses were held during
the period March to June 2008 at TAFE colleges
throughout New South Wales. The RTA has also made
presentations covering diesel testing and maintenance
to TAFE apprentice mechanics and University
undergraduates at its IM240 light vehicle emissions
testing facilities.
Testing and fitting of diesel exhaust
after-treatment technology
Following the successful Diesel Retrofit
Demonstration Pilot Program, the RTA has extended
the program, now known as the NSW Diesel Retrofit
Program. Administration and implementation of the
program involves the RTA, DECC and the State
Transit Authority. Currently over 77 fleets and 365
vehicles are committed to the program. The retrofitting
of emission control devices, called ‘Diesel Oxidation
Catalysts’ and ‘Diesel Particulate Filters’, to older,
more polluting trucks reduces the emissions from
these vehicles.
The catalysts reduce particle emissions by
approximately 30% and improve air quality without
any adverse effect on the maintenance or eff iciency
of the vehicles involved. Particulate f ilters
virtually eliminated particles with reduction rates
of approximately 90%. However, these devices are
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8222
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 223
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
very temperature sensitive and need to be tailored
to match each particular vehicle and duty cycle. If
the incorrect device is f itted to a vehicle it can result
in increased particle emissions or loss of vehicle
performance. As a result, the selection of a suitable
device for each application is critical and requires the
data logging of the exhaust temperatures for at least
two weeks.
A new device, the Partial Particle Trap, is now
available which is not as temperature sensitive as
either the ‘Diesel Oxidation Catalyst’ or ‘Particulate
Filter’ and can be f itted to most diesel vehicles. It
reduces particulate emissions by approximately 50%
and eliminates the need for exhaust temperature
data logging.
The program has received $6.11 million in funding
since its inception. The funds will retrofit around
850 vehicles, reducing particle emissions by 7.9 tonnes
per year and avoiding $2.04 million annually in health
costs. The investment in retrofit is expected to avoid
$19 million in health costs over the likely remaining
life of the diesel vehicles. More financially sustainable
funding options for the program are being developed,
including incorporating energy eff iciency devices
into retrofit packages.
Implementation summary and evaluation
New South Wales has developed appropriate
mechanisms to implement the Diesel NEPM within
the current legislative framework. The importance of
reducing emissions from the in-service diesel vehicle
fleet is recognised and New South Wales has been
actively implementing programs to assist in achieving
this. Since the NEPM was adopted in 2001, New
South Wales has:
• continued to operate the Smoky Vehicle Program
• tested the emissions of nearly 3000 vehicles
volunteered by private and government fleet
operators
• used the results of this testing program to develop
maintenance guidelines for fleet operators
• developed and implemented the Clean Fleet Program
• continued delivering training courses with TAFE for
proper diesel vehicle maintenance with expansion
to regional TAFE colleges
• conducted trials of alternative fuels to assess
emissions benefits
• tested the effect of retrofit devices on reducing
diesel emissions through the Diesel Retrofit
Demonstration Program
• expanded the trial and commenced the NSW Diesel
Retrofit Program.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Diesel NEPM provides a sound framework for
the development of programs to reduce the impact
of diesel vehicle emissions in NSW, particularly in
urban areas. In 2007–08, the seventh year of NEPM
implementation, the focus has been to continue with
the high profile and effective Smoky Vehicle Program,
as well as the expansion of both the NSW Diesel
Retrofit and the Clean Fleet Programs.
Program Effectiveness
Smoky vehicle program
• signif icant participation in the program by the
general public, with an average of 231 reports
of smoky vehicles received from the public each
month, indicated a high level of awareness in the
community of the unacceptability of excessive
smoke emissions.
• an average of 63 warning letters issued per month
in 2007–08 to vehicles observed as excessively
smoky; of those issued following observation
by an authorised officer (average six per month),
approximately 70% were returned with evidence
of subsequent repair.
• authorised officers issued an average of 41 penalty
infringement notices per month in 2007–08 to
diesel vehicle owners.
Audited maintenance guidelines
• completed emission testing of approximately
3000 vehicles since inception of the program
• implementing the Clean Fleet Program with more
than 5600 vehicles currently in the program.
Other initiatives
• industry training developed to achieve improved
maintenance practices directed at improving
emissions performance. Training commenced
in September 2003 and continues to be offered
throughout 2008. The training program has been
expanded and made available to regional areas
in NSW from 2006, including a module about how
to join the RTA’s Clean Fleet Program
• further developed and expanded the Diesel Retrofit
Program to increase the number of vehicles involved
with consequent annual reductions of 7.9 tonnes in
particle emissions and $2.4 million in health costs
• the prototype ‘briefcase’ diesel vehicle exhaust
emissions analysis unit has been evaluated, some
design improvements have been implemented
and the f irst production model has been ordered
by RTA.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8224
NS
W –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 225
Vic
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Environment Protection (Vehicle Emissions)
Regulations 2003 are the primary legislative tool under
the Environment Protection Act 1970 that addresses
the in-service performance of the motor vehicle fleet
in Victoria. These Regulations were reviewed in 2002
and remade in February 2003.
As part of this review, the in-service emission
standards developed as part of the National
Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions)
Measure were included in the revised regulations.
This provides an additional regulatory basis to
support the NEPM in the future.
The 10–second smoke rule, which is the basis for
Schedule A1 of the NEPM, was already incorporated
in the previous version of the Environment Protection
(Vehicle Emissions) Regulations and is maintained in
the remade regulations. This rule has underpinned
Victoria’s large in-service smoky vehicle reporting
program in the past and will continue to do so in
the future.
Implementation activities
Motor vehicles in general, and diesel vehicles
in particular, remain a key focus of air quality
management activity in Victoria. EPA emissions
inventories and monitoring at the local and regional
level show motor vehicles are a signif icant source of
emissions into the air environment. The information
from these studies is matched by concern expressed
by communities about the impact of motor vehicle
emissions on their health, particularly from people
living near busy roads with high volumes of diesel
truck traff ic. In 2007–08, EPA actively pursued the
implementation of four types of programs to manage
emissions from in-service diesel vehicles.
1. Smoky vehicle programs
EPA Victoria has operated a public smoky vehicle
reporting program for a number of years. This program
allows members of the public to identify smoky
vehicles (diesel and petrol) using the 10–second
smoke rule, and report them to EPA. As a result of
these reports, the owners of the offending vehicles
are informed in writing of the report, are requested
to have the problem fixed and are informed about
the penalties that may apply if they are identif ied
by officers from EPA, VicRoads or the Police.
The program resulted in 6443 smoky vehicles being
reported by the public in 2007–08.
EPA also operates a smoky vehicle enforcement
program where EPA or Police officers can report
vehicles identif ied as emitting greater than ten
seconds of continuous smoke. In 2007–08 946
cautionary letters were issued under this program.
Fines are issued only to repeat offenders.
2. Heavy vehicle maintenance training program
In November 2006 a dedicated test training facility
for diesel vehicle mechanics at Kangan-Batman
Institute of TAFE (KBIT) was opened which has
provided a signif icant enhancement to the training
syllabus. KBIT provides training for 90% of diesel
vehicle apprentice mechanics in Victoria as well as
some training in NSW and South Australia. The facility
is also used for industry and owner-driver courses
and research. The facility is uniquely positioned
to guide the diesel vehicle industry in aspects of
maintenance relating to emissions performance.
In addition to delivery of the formal training course
for diesel mechanics, KBIT was contracted by EPA
to deliver a programme of free modules for diesel
vehicle operators on aspects of vehicle maintenance
related to emissions performance. KBIT actively
promoted the programme through their industry
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for Victoria by the Hon.
Gavin Jennings, Minister for Environment and Climate Change for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2007
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8226
Vic
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
network and associated events, and delivered ten
Reducing Exhaust Emissions courses in 2007–08.
In April 2007 KBIT reached an agreement with
Diesel Test Australia to use the test training facility
for testing of vehicles to access the fuel tax credit
for heavy diesel vehicles offered by the Australian
Taxation Office. The diesel testing facility continues
to be used three days a week for DT80 testing by
Diesel Test Australia. This extension to the facility
capability has provided industry in Victoria with
access to test equipment for the verif ication of the
environmental performance of diesel vehicles.
3. In-service diesel vehicle emissions testing
In March 2006 EPA finalised a $1.85 million
agreement with VIPAC Engineers & Scientists Ltd
for provision of a diesel vehicle emissions test
capability. The test capability is underpinned by the
construction of a dedicated heavy-vehicle emissions
test facility at VIPAC’s Port Melbourne premises.
Final hardware at the facility was commissioned
in November 2007. Since then equipment has been
tested and calibrated and quality systems and
laboratory procedures have been developed. It is
envisaged that the testing capability will be extended
into EPA’s smoky-vehicle enforcement program by
December 2008.
4. Targeted diesel vehicle emissions reduction
projects
In June 2006 EPA invited Expressions of Interest
from local government entities to participate in
targeted diesel vehicle emissions reduction projects.
This program is intended to provide funding, project
management expertise and technical guidance in the
implementation of emissions reduction measures
for diesel vehicles.
Formal agreements were reached for diesel vehicle
emissions reduction projects with the Cities of
Ballarat, Hobsons Bay and Hume in January 2006,
and the Shire of Nillumbik in February 2007. Ballarat
City Council trialled the use of 20% biodiesel/diesel
fuel (B20) on three of its diesel-engine fleet vehicles.
Testing of two of the vehicles prior and subsequent
to the introduction of B20 indicated particle emission
reductions in the order of 44% on average. This is
similar to f indings from Newcastle City Council
who found a 39% reduction on average across twelve
vehicles. Whilst the absolute results need to be treated
with caution given the small sample size, Ballarat
City Council has indicated it will continue to use B20
in the intermediate future based on the signif icant
particle emissions reductions.
Implementation of the remaining projects is expected
by early 2009, with project review reporting to be
completed by the end of 2009.
Implementation summary and evaluation
During 2007–08 signif icant progress has been made
in the Victorian implementation of the Diesel NEPM
through the delivery of training for diesel mechanics
through the test training facility at KBIT, the
commissioning of the diesel vehicle test capability
at VIPAC, and in progress within the diesel vehicle
emissions reduction projects for local government
fleets.
The partnership with KBIT has seen the existing
training program signif icantly enhanced through the
addition of the test training facility. This facility
is also being used to provide emissions testing for
diesel vehicle operators, and as a teaching aid for
training modules being offered to diesel vehicle
operators by EPA through KBIT.
Delivery of the diesel vehicle test capability through
VIPAC Engineers & Scientists has progressed
signif icantly ensuring that heavy-duty diesel vehicles
will shortly be able to be tested against the in-service
emissions requirements of the Environment Protection
(Vehicle Emissions) Regulations 2003. This will
represent a signif icant enhancement of EPA’s already-
successful smoky vehicle reporting program, as
evidenced by the signif icant numbers of vehicles
reported by both members of the public and VicRoads,
Police and EPA Officers.
The project with the City of Ballarat has demonstrated
signif icant reductions in particle emissions from a
small number of vehicles in the fleet. The City of
Ballarat has indicated it will continue to use B20
in the intermediate term. Projects with the Cities of
Hobsons Bay, Hume and the Shire of Nillumbik will
also provide quantif ied reductions in diesel vehicle
emissions. In addition to this, the project management
framework employed by the councils will provide
case studies for the implementation of analogous
programs by other entities.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 227
Vic
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The nature of the initiatives implemented to date
generally limits the ability to assess the overall
effectiveness of the NEPM.
The enhancement of the training program for diesel
vehicle mechanics through the addition of the
dedicated test facility is signif icant, however diff icult
to quantify. Based upon anecdotal evidence provided
by the training program coordinators, knowledge of the
aspects of vehicle maintenance as relate to emissions
performance is being signif icantly improved through
experience of the test facility. The influence of this
knowledge upon the performance of the in-service
fleet is felt to be one of the major achievements of
the NEPM, even if unproven.
Reporting from the City of Ballarat’s trial of using
B20 biodiesel in its vehicle fleet indicates signif icant
reductions (44%) in particle emissions can be achieved.
Results from the other council projects implementing
the diesel vehicle emissions reduction projects are
expected to report similar reductions, which when
combined with the fleet mileage data will enable more
robust reporting on the NEPM effectiveness. The
concurrent aim of these projects to provide a model
for implementation of similar initiatives by other
entities will however remain a challenge to evaluate.
The numbers of vehicles reported in EPA’s smoky-
vehicle program continue to provide some insight into
the high level of community awareness and concern
into diesel vehicle exhaust emissions. The program
is expected to experience a quantum leap in
effectiveness following the integration of the diesel
vehicle emissions test capability provided by the
EPA/VIPAC agreement. Implementation of the smoky
vehicle reporting program extension to incorporate
emissions testing has been designed to allow for a
future assessment of the vehicle demographics and
history against the outcomes from the testing itself.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8228
Qld
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The National Environmental Protection Council
(Queensland) Act 1994 provides the framework for
implementing the Diesel NEPM in Queensland.
Queensland Transport is responsible for implementing
and reporting on the Diesel NEPM in line with
Sections 13 (Application) and 15 (Reporting) of
the Act.
Implementation activities
Total emissions from diesel vehicles in Queensland
are continuing to decrease. To maintain this situation,
a number of programs are in place to ensure diesel
vehicle emissions are well managed.
Air quality is of greatest concern where there are
high concentrations of transport and/or industrial
activity such as in South East Queensland, where
transport is a major contributor to air pollution.
Particle levels, measured as PM10 and nitrogen
dioxide (NO2), which are relevant to diesel vehicles,
are monitored in South East Queensland, Toowoomba,
Gladstone, Mackay (PM10 only) and Townsville
by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Monitoring indicates air quality is generally good
in these regions and the 2008 goal of the National
Environment Protection (Ambient Air Quality)
Measure (Air Quality NEPM) should be met for
both PM10 and NO2.
The Air Quality NEPM’s goal is that by 2008 the
ambient carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide,
photochemical oxidants as ozone, sulphur dioxide
and PM10 levels, assessed in accordance with its
monitoring protocol, comply with the National
Environment Protection Standards specif ied in
Schedule 2 of the Air Quality NEPM.
Australian design rules and fuel quality
Current and future improvements to vehicle emission
standards under the Australian Design Rules (ADRs),
as well as the introduction of new fuel quality
standards, are expected to significantly reduce overall
noxious emissions from motor vehicles in South East
Queensland. For example, current projections indicate
a 17% reduction in overall noxious emissions between
2000 and 2011. Further, motor vehicle emissions of
PM10, for which commercial diesel vehicles are the
main contributor in the fleet, are expected to reduce
by between 11–23% by 2011. No signif icant changes
are expected in overall fleet emissions of oxides of
nitrogen (NOx) by 2011, as increased vehicle travel,
both passenger and commercial, should be counter-
balanced by tighter emission limits.
Queensland supports ongoing introduction of new
ADRs to improve vehicle emission standards through
its representatives on the national Land Transport
Environment Council (LTEC).
AirCare Program
Queensland Transport is continuing to operate an
‘AirCare’ program in South East Queensland. The
AirCare program is a vehicle emissions action plan
which is a key project within the Integrated Regional
Transport Plan (IRTP) for South East Queensland.
The strategy, which aims to reduce air pollution
generated by motor vehicles, looks at transport
challenges facing the region over the next
twenty-five years.
The Smoky Vehicle Hotline was developed as a part
of the AirCare program. The Smoky Vehicle Hotline
continues to provide the community with an avenue
for reporting vehicles exceeding the ten-second
smoke rule. Reports can be made via the internet or
telephone. Following a data match of the information
provided, a letter is sent to the owner advising them
of the report, and suggesting ways to identify and
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for Queensland by the
Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change
and Innovation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 229
Qld
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
remedy the problem. If the vehicle is reported three
times within a four month period the owner is issued
with a 'Present Vehicle Order' which requires their
vehicle to be checked for defects by a transport
inspector.
The continuation of the Smoky Vehicle Program
meets the requirements of Schedule A (1) of the
Diesel NEPM, Guideline on Smoky Vehicle Programs.
In 2007, a total of 1460 diesel vehicles were reported
to the Smoky Vehicle Program, compared to 1312
diesel vehicles in 2006. This is an increase of
approximately 11% in diesel vehicles reported,
however, it is lower than the 1995 diesel vehicles
reported in 2005. The proportion of diesel vehicles
compared to the total of vehicles reported to the
Smoky Vehicle Hotline to June 2008 is around 25%;
consistent with the share of diesel vehicles reported
in the last four years.
South East Queensland Regional Plan
The South East Queensland Regional Plan 2005–2026
(SEQRP) is Queensland's statutory regional planning
strategy that guides growth and development in the
south east region. It was developed to help manage
growth and its associated changes, such as transport
growth, in the most sustainable way, as well as
protecting and enhancing the quality of life in
the region.
Since its release in 2005, Queensland's transport
portfolio and other agencies have responded by
developing plans to manage transport growth and
deliver a sustainable transport system for the region.
These plans include:
• the TransLink Network Plan (TNP)—The TNP is
a ten year plan for developing the public transport
network and a rolling four year program of public
transport services and infrastructure improvements.
Delivered by TransLink, with over $900 million
spent in 2007–08, the TNP focuses on improving
and expanding public transport services and
infrastructure in South East Queensland. New
infrastructure includes the South East Busway and
the Inner Northern Busway from Roma Street to
the Royal Brisbane Hospital. Since 2004, public
transport patronage has increased by 30% in South
East Queensland, with the majority of growth being
on week days during peak periods, which helps
reduce traff ic congestion and pollution.
• the South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and
Program 2007–2026 (SEQIPP)—The SEQIPP
supports the SEQRP and seeks to provide certainty
on infrastructure developments that will benefit
the community over the next twenty years. It
outlines what investments in infrastructure are
required to support the objectives of the regional
plan. The SEQIPP outlines a balanced program of
investment between transport modes. Improving
transport corridors and freight links are also key
areas of the SEQIPP. These projects will assist in
managing transport-related emissions in South
East Queensland.
• The Integrated Regional Transport Plan (IRTP)—
The IRTP for South East Queensland was developed
as a twenty-five year plan to develop and manage
the transport system, and support the region’s
expected population growth. The IRTP will be
informed by modelling and other investigations
to better understand the implications of regional
growth and other emerging issues.
Heavy vehicle accreditation and testing schemes
A number of schemes are available to industry
to effectively maintain vehicles in order to reduce
in-service emissions. Queensland Transport
encourages heavy vehicle industry participation
in these schemes. The National Heavy Vehicle
Accreditation Scheme (NHVAS) encourages heavy
vehicle operators to take more responsibility for
servicing their vehicles and ensuring vehicles are
compliant with the scheme’s accreditation requirements.
Compliance with an accredited maintenance scheme
may remove the requirement for Certif icates of
Inspection to be obtained for vehicles in the scheme.
The vehicles under the NHVAS use diesel as their
primary fuel source.
Currently, under the NHVAS maintenance scheme
there are 23 340 vehicles registered by 286 operators,
and under the NHVAS mass scheme there are 1976
vehicles registered by 249 operators. There are
currently 4607 vehicles that participate in both the
mass and maintenance schemes.
As part of the Brisbane Air Quality Strategy, the
Brisbane City Council (BCC) provides an emission
testing service for all heavy vehicles in Queensland.
The BCC uses the nationally endorsed DT80 test,
which uses a chassis dynamometer equipped with
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8230
Qld
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
gas and particle analysing equipment, to accurately
measure the exhaust emissions. The DT80 test has
been designed to evaluate vehicle emissions during
typical 'real world' operating modes and conditions.
In 2007–08, the BCC tested approximately 500 diesel
vehicles in South East Queensland, including trucks
and buses.
Other opportunities
Queensland Transport is actively exploring the
feasibility of trialling the latest hybrid diesel-electric
bus technology in Queensland. International experience
indicates that this technology offers potentially
attractive benefits in terms of improved fuel efficiency
and reduced emissions.
The Queensland Government is also supporting the
development of a bio-fuels industry in Queensland.
This includes two commercial bio-diesel production
facilities, as well as approximately 60 retail outlets
throughout Queensland, which sell bio-diesel fuel.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Queensland has experienced a continuous gradual
reduction in vehicle emissions since the mid-1990s.
The introduction of more stringent vehicle emission
standards and fuel quality standards are expected
to lead to signif icant reductions in PM10 and NOx
emissions from diesel vehicles in South East
Queensland. This will contribute to reductions in
overall PM10 emissions and no signif icant growth
in NOx emissions from the regional vehicle fleet
in the next few years.
New ADRs for heavy vehicles, with tighter emission
limits, were introduced for all new vehicles from
January 2008. As more of these vehicles replace
older vehicles in the current fleet, overall emissions
are expected to reduce in the next few years.
Implementation of these, and future ADRs, will be
enhanced and complemented by a range of transport
planning and management programs aimed at reducing
in-service diesel vehicle emissions. This will lead
to a further reduction of the impact diesel vehicle
transport emissions have on ambient air quality.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
In Queensland, the most signif icant reduction in
diesel vehicle emissions is considered to have been
achieved by introducing improved fuel quality and
vehicle emission standards for new vehicles. As the
proportion of newer, less polluting diesel vehicles
increases within the fleet, reductions in diesel vehicle
emissions are expected to continue for the next few
years, despite increasing travel. However, programs
outlined within the Diesel NEPM, such as the Smoky
Vehicle Hotline and maintenance programs, are
useful in-service programs to complement fuel quality
and vehicle emission standards for new vehicles.
Continued public participation in the Smoky Vehicle
Program indicates that there is public awareness and
concern about the impacts of pollutant emissions
on air quality. Industry participation in emissions
testing and maintenance schemes increases industry
awareness, and emphasises the importance of
servicing and compliance to heavy vehicle operators.
Vehicles showing compliance within the schemes also
receive operational benefits from their participation,
such as reductions in the amount of other reporting
requirements.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 231
WA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The National Environment Protection Council (WA)
Act 1996 provides the framework for implementing
the National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicles
Emissions) Measure (Diesel NEPM) in Western
Australia.
Ultra low sulfur diesel (50 parts per million sulfur)
is regulated via the Australian Government Fuel
Quality Standards Act 2000. Prior to this standard
coming into force on 1 January 2006, the sulfur
content of diesel in Western Australia was regulated
to 500 parts per million under the Environmental
Protection (Diesel and Petrol) Regulations 1999.
The ten-second rule for smoky vehicles was introduced
from 1 November 2002 under the Road Traffic
(Vehicle Standards) Rules 2002. This regulation aims
to target visually polluting diesel and petrol vehicles.
The Perth Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) is
a non-statutory management plan established by the
government of Western Australia. The objective of
the Perth AQMP is to ensure that clean air is achieved
and maintained throughout the Perth metropolitan
region over the next thirty years. The Perth AQMP
identif ies that the management of emissions from
the in-service petrol and diesel vehicles is critical to
achieving clean air, and contains a range of initiatives
that target on-road vehicles. The initiatives in the
Perth AQMP are largely complementary to the Diesel
NEPM, and the implementation of the Perth AQMP
and Diesel NEPM are being undertaken in an
integrated fashion.
Implementation activities
On 10 January 2005 the Australian Government
and the West Australian Department of Environment
and Conservation (DEC) (previously Department
of Environment) signed an agreement in relation to
funding for a Vehicle Emissions Testing-Pilot Program
for Western Australia. The program, implemented
under the name CleanRun, is the key program in
the implementation of the Diesel NEPM in Western
Australia. The aim of the program is to ‘develop and
implement a range of targeted initiatives to reduce
the impact of motor vehicle emissions, specif ically
from diesel emissions, on the Perth airshed.’
The CleanRun program covers all vehicle emissions
reduction programs undertaken by DEC, and is utilised
when marketing key messages. The CleanRun program
consists of f ive components:
• vehicle emissions testing
• communication/education campaign
• in-service and apprentice mechanic training
• smoky vehicle reporting
• environmental verif ication.
Implementation of the CleanRun vehicle emissions
reduction program continues. Progress is provided
for each of the f ive components below.
Vehicle emissions testing
Vehicle emissions testing has been completed into
two phases, with phase 1 testing of 167 heavy duty
diesel vehicles completed in November 2006. A
summary of the test results for phase 1 were provided
in the 2007 annual report and the full report is available
from DEC’s website: <www.dec.wa.gov.au/airquality>.
Phase 2 involved testing the emissions of 376 diesel
and petrol vehicles (Tables 1 and 2). Diesel Test
Australia (DTA) was identif ied as the most suitable
service provider to complete this work and the
contract was awarded in September 2007. Work
commenced soon after this date.
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for Western Australia
by the Hon. Donna Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8232
WA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
DEC provided DTA with a matrix of vehicles to be
tested, based on vehicle research data obtained from
the Australian Bureau of Statistics Motor Vehicle Census,
March 2006. The matrix provides a representative
sample of the Perth vehicle fleet across both year
of manufacture and make and model. DTA followed
this matrix as closely as possible and managed to
meet the majority of vehicle categories. The major
exceptions were the older diesel vehicles, where lack
of vehicle availability proved to be an issue.
The vehicles were tested according to the DT80 and
IM240 test procedures. Emissions of smoke opacity,
particles (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon
monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were
measured. The results for smoke, PM and NOx
were compared with the guideline values set by the
Australian Transport Council under Rule 147a of
Schedule 1 of the National Transport Commission
(Road Transport Legislation—Vehicle Standards)
Amendment Regulations (No. 1). The testing was
completed on 11 February 2008 and the results are
being collated and analysed. Once the f inal report
is completed it will be made available at
<www.dec.wa.gov.au/airquality>.
In addition to the dynamometer based vehicle testing
outlined above, roadside remote sensing was carried
out at six sites around Perth in February 2007. The
testing was a partnership between the CleanRun
program and the Australian Government’s Clean Air
Research Programme. The remote sensing devise
measured four pollutants; CO, hydrocarbons (HC),
NOx and uvSmoke (a proxy for particulate emissions).
Data on vehicle age, fuel type, usage and engine size
was gathered to provide an assessment of on-road
vehicle emissions.
More than 14 000 vehicles passed though the roadside
emission sensors over the f ive day duration of the
project. The number of vehicles with valid readings
exceeded 11 000. In addition to the roadside testing,
a Community Information Day was held. Community
members were invited to have their vehicle checked
for emissions free-of-charge; consult with DEC staff
about vehicle emissions and air quality and were
given a CleanRun information pack to take away.
The project has resulted in a better understanding
of Australian vehicle fleet emissions and their
implications for health effects, along with a new
database of real world on-road vehicle emissions.
Diesel
Pre ADR70 (Pre 1996) ADR70 (1996-2001) ADR80/00 (2002-2005)
GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM GVM <3.5t 3.5t - 12t - > 25t < 3.5t 3.5t - 12t - > 25t < 3.5t 3.5t - 12t - > 25t Total
12t 25t 12t 25t 12t 25t
Total tested 33 10 24 28 46 20 21 30 32 22 12 13 291
Total required 45 20 20 30 45 20 20 30 35 10 10 10 295
Balance -12 -10 +4 -2 +1 0 +1 0 -3 +12 +2 +3 -4
Table 1: Diesel vehicles tested in phase 2
Petrol 4WD Petrol Ute Petrol Van
(1986-1996) (1997-2003) (1986-1996) (1997-2003) (1986-1996) (1997-2003)
GVM < 3.5t GVM < 3.5t GVM < 3.5t GVM < 3.5t GVM < 3.5t GVM < 3.5t Total
Total tested 13 14 14 15 14 15 85
Total required 13 13 13 13 14 14 80
Balance 0 +1 +1 +2 0 +1 +5
Table 2: Petrol vehicles tested in phase 2
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
WA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
233
The results have been compiled into a report that
covers the Perth tests as well as those undertaken in
Brisbane and Sydney. When complete, a link to the
final report will be available fro the DEC’s website.
Communication delivery and community
education
An extensive communication and education campaign
continues to be implemented under CleanRun. This
campaign is aimed primarily at highlighting the
benefits of a well-maintained vehicle. The campaign
also informs State and local government, industry
and the community of the vehicle emissions testing
and repair program and its potential benefits, so there
is a higher level of awareness and participation.
Communication delivery
Following the public launch of CleanRun on
16 August 2006 by the West Australian Minister for
Environment in front of an audience of approximately
seventy guests, work has continued to develop the
CleanRun brand for the Diesel NEPM programs in WA.
The aim is to make the program name immediately
identifiable to facilitate the promotion of key messages.
Implementation of communication delivery has
continued with web based information and a series
of posters, fact sheets and brochures. Attention has
also been focused on integrating key Diesel NEPM
messages through learning materials and activities
targeted with established community involvement
programs such as AirWatch and TravelSmart.
Behaviour Change Initiative
An important component of the communication and
education campaign is the CleanRun Behaviour
Change Initiative (CR–BCI). The CR–BCI is an
innovative new approach proven to reduce diesel
emissions through driver behaviour change.
Community-based social marketing (CBSM), which
is informed by social psychology, is used in the BCI
to foster the change. The pilot stage of this program
commenced in January 2007 and was completed in
February 2008. Because of the ground-breaking nature
of this program, it was necessary to conduct this trial
over the course of two separate but interconnected
trials. Both three-month trials were completed in
collaboration with staff at a national express courier
company with a fleet of diesel vehicles.
The first trial was successful in achieving its objectives
of providing CleanRun staff with practical experience
in applying a CBSM-based approach in the private
sector as well as essential knowledge of the transport
industry. After extensive research and consultation
with courier company staff, ‘keeping idling to a
minimum’ was chosen from a list of driving behaviours
to be the focus of the second trial. It was chosen as
it had the potential to be an important contributor to
vehicle emissions and exposure; and is a behaviour
that drivers have the ultimate power to change.
Results have shown that drivers who were exposed to
all behaviour change tools used in the CR-BCI reduced
their unnecessary idling by 87%, or approximately
three hours per week. The average reduction across
all drivers who participated in the CR-BCI was 72%,
or approximately two hours per week. Anecdotal
evidence showed that turning off became a permanent
change with many drivers. The results from installed
on-board computers, used to measure incidences of
frequency and duration of driver idling, supported
these conclusions. In addition to the results above,
a signif icant proportion of drivers surveyed said their
behaviour outside work had also changed. Upon
completion, the CR-BCI evaluation report will be
available on DEC’s website at
<www.dec.wa.gov.au/airquality>
CleanRun staff have evaluated the outcomes of these
trials and designed a program that they will use to
reduce emissions across a broad segment of the
in-service vehicle fleet. It is expected that drivers in
new companies where this program is implemented
will show similar reductions in unnecessary idling.
In-service and apprentice mechanic training
Training will be offered via the implementation
of the Technical and Further Education (TAFE)
emissions competency standard units. Swan TAFE
and DEC entered into a Memorandum of
Understanding where DEC has provided funding
for Swan TAFE to purchase emission testing, control
and abatement equipment to enhance delivery of their
apprentice mechanic training programs. To date,
Swan TAFE has purchased and installed diesel engine
exhaust catalytic converters and particulate f ilters,
developed and released a tender for the purchase of
a portable diesel engine and exhaust emission analyser
and is developing a tender for a Euro 4 heavy duty
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8234
WA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
diesel engine. The purchase of the Euro 4 engine has
been delayed due to availability issues.
The agreement also specified the provision of emissions
related training to apprentices and in-service diesel
mechanics. The new automotive training package,
AUR05: Automotive Industry Retail, Service and
Repair Training was introduced in 2006. Currently,
Swan TAFE is running Certif icate I: Automotive
(Pre-Apprenticeship Mechanical—Vehicle Servicing—
Heavy Road Transport) and is utilising the above
equipment in the delivery of this training. They are
also operating Certif icate III courses for indentured
apprentices incorporating the AUR05 competencies
and emissions equipment.
DEC and Swan TAFE also entered into an agreement
for the delivery of a series of in-service mechanic
training short courses. The Road and Traffic Authority
of New South Wales (RTA) has developed a three
hour in-service mechanic training session that offers
practical advice on the causes of diesel pollution and
how emissions can be managed. The training is aimed
at in-service mechanics, fleet managers and owner
operators. RTA have allowed DEC and Swan TAFE
to deliver the course in WA. In May 2007, New South
Wales TAFE provided training for lecturers from
Swan TAFE in delivery of the course.
The RTA was consulted on the methods used to
promote their courses and their approach was to use
industry mailing lists and advertising in major
newspapers. Feedback indicated that the majority
of participants came from the industry mailing lists.
DEC adopted these methods and promoted the course
through major industry groups such as the Motor
Trades Association, Royal Automobile Club, Main
Roads and DEC mailing lists. A promotional flyer,
advertising and personalised emails were developed
and distributed through the above channels. It was
anticipated that this would reach an audience of
between 10 000 to 30 000 potential participants.
The response to this course promotion was less than
expected. Verbal feedback from industry groups and
potential participants was sought and the general
response was that the heightened level of business
activity in Western Australia prevented people from
attending courses such as this. There was a reluctance
to commit staff time to courses where there was no
‘real benefit’ to the business. A review is currently
underway to determine alternative means of reaching
and attracting participants. It is also being assessed
whether the course is viable at this time, given the
current climate in Western Australia.
Smoky vehicle reporting
DEC operates a smoky vehicle reporting program
which integrates the 10-second rule for smoky
vehicles under the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards)
Rules 2002 into a public reporting system.
As noted in the 2006–07 annual report, a review
of the operation and performance of the SVRP was
undertaken with regard to achieving its desired
objective of ‘identifying on-road vehicles that emit
excessive amounts of visible smoke and, where
possible, require that these vehicles be repaired’.
As a result of this review, a number of new reporting
methods were recommended including a new telephone
number for reporting smoky vehicles (1800 0SMOKY
or 1800 076 659), a reporting booklet and web based
reporting to further encourage reporting. New
technologies such as short message service (SMS)
reporting are also being investigated.
The revised program has not yet been relaunched as
negotiations are still underway with the Department
for Planning and Infrastructure for DEC to receive
vehicle registration and fuel type details. The
unresolved issue relates to privacy legislation and the
supply of personal information. Registration details
are necessary to identify vehicle owners for follow-
up purposes and fuel type information will allow
identif ication of diesel vehicles for reporting by the
smoky vehicle program under the Diesel NEPM.
Environmental verification
Verifying the effectiveness of the CleanRun initiative
has been identified as an important step for any future
State policies which may be developed to manage
vehicle emissions. A component of such an evaluation
is ‘real world’ air quality measurements. Roadside
monitoring of particle emissions at three metropolitan
sites has commenced to assist with this evaluation.
Implementation summary and evaluation
During 2007–08, signif icants effort has been made
to implement the Diesel NEPM in Western Australia,
through continued implementation of CleanRun.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 235
WA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
Vehicle emissions testing has shown the majority
of vehicles are operating within national in-service
standards. This could mean the vehicle fleet is
performing adequately. Alternatively, this f inding
could suggest the test standards set out in Australian
Vehicle Standards Rule 147A are too lenient and
should be tightened to drive meaningful reductions
from in-service vehicle emissions. The later
interpretation is consistent with recommendations in
the National Environment Protection (Diesel Vehicle
Emissions) Measure—Review Report (April 2007).
The communications delivery and community education
component of CleanRun continues to highlight the
benefits of having a well maintained vehicle. The
CR–BCI has targeted a particular area of the light
commercial diesel vehicle fleet to reduce emissions.
Following the success of the trial, CleanRun staff
continue to work with the light commercial diesel
vehicle fleet through the next stage of the program
to reduce emissions.
The training component of CleanRun has introduced
the Diesel NEPM messages to apprentice mechanics.
A series of short courses, based on the New South
Wales RTA program were proposed, but the current
economic environment in Western Australia has been
a signif icant barrier to attract participants. DEC is
investigating alternative methods to promote the
CleanRun message to the community and industry.
Further enhancements to the smoky vehicle program
to increase the number of reports received and
introduce a f irmer enforcement procedure for repeat
offenders has been delayed until the privacy issues
surrounding the use of vehicle registration data to
follow up with smoky vehicles reports is resolved.
Following resolution, under a revised program, an
active educational campaign will help elevate the
profile of the program and include more diesel
specif ic reporting to help gauge the effectiveness
of reducing diesel emissions.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The Diesel NEPM provides a framework for the
development of programs by jurisdictions to ensure
that in-service diesel vehicles are adequately
maintained.
Vehicle emissions testing continued during 2007–08
to quantify the emissions performance of the Perth
diesel vehicle fleet. The results from the phase 1 and
2 testing will identify the need for and focus of any
ongoing management strategies.
Given the current delays with implementing the
smoky vehicle reporting program there is expected
to be limited impact on in-service vehicle emissions
during 2007–08. Work is ongoing to resolve these
outstanding issues.
To complement and improve the effectiveness
of the Diesel NEPM, communication, training and
education components of CleanRun continue to be
implemented. Equipment has been purchased to assist
with the delivery of apprentice mechanics training.
Furthermore, by working with the transport industry
the CR–BCI has shown it is possible to achieve
measurable changes in driver behaviour. This in turn
is expected to translate directly to reduced diesel
vehicle emissions from the fleets engaged. Work
is now progressing to develop a model for broader
implementation in the transport sector.
Although not assessed quantitatively or detailed in
the schedules of the Diesel NEPM, the regulation
of ultra low sulfur diesel will contribute to the
lowering of particle emissions from all diesel
vehicles. Furthermore, the regulation of diesel fuel
will allow the introduction and marketing of lower
emitting vehicles.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8236
SA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In South Australia, National Environment Protection
(Diesel Vehicles Emissions) Measure (NEPM) came
into operation as an environment protection policy
under repealed Section 28A of the Environment
Protection Act 1993. Section 4 of the transitional
provisions in the Environment Protection
(Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2005, Sch 1 enables
the continued operation of the Diesel NEPM as an
Environment Protection Policy.
Following the initial operation of the policy and
consistent with the State Government Consultation
Group established during the assessment phase of the
Diesel NEPM, a State Government working group
incorporating key government representatives from
the Environment and Conservation, Transport, Energy,
Business, Manufacturing and Trade and Health
portfolios was created. The Department of the Premier
and Cabinet was also included in the distribution
of documentation generated by this working group.
The aim of the working group was to assist in the
selection of appropriate strategies for reducing
emissions from in-service diesel vehicles, after
consideration of environmental, economic, social
and equity issues. Since the inception of this working
group, further consultative groups have been established
to progress the diesel emissions reduction strategy.
For example, during preparations for a strategy to
increase the number of bio-diesel buses in the public
transport fleet a group comprising Environment
Protection Authority (EPA), and the Agencies for
Primary Industries and Resources SA, Transport,
Public Transport, Premier and Cabinet and Business,
Manufacturing and Trade was established. When
evaluating the benefits and practicalities of operating
bio-diesel in the bus and train fleet and managing all
aspects of procurement for the fleet, further groups
representing the Public Transport and Transport
Planning Divisions, Public Transport providers and
Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure
(DTEI) [formerly Transport SA], were also established.
These parties did not meet formally throughout the
current year.
Whilst the Environment and Conservation portfolio
has responsibility for leading South Australia’s
response to this NEPM, DTEI is developing and
implementing the relevant strategies.
Implementation activities
Adelaide generally has reasonably good air quality,
although the national environment protection
standard and goal for PM10 cited in Part 3 of the
National Environment Protection (Ambient Air
Quality) Measure, as amended 2003, is exceeded
in some regions of the airshed. Ozone levels also
approach the current standards during summer, and
potential tightening of the standards over the next
few years raises concerns for management of
photochemical smog precursors, of which motor
vehicles are a major source in urban areas. There
are also investigations underway into emissions of
criteria pollutants from traff ic along major roadways,
because of concerns about risks for the signif icant
sub-population (4% to 10%) living in the near vicinity
of these roadways. Because of the nature of current
monitoring practices under the Air NEPM protocol,
these risks are poorly understood. Some of these
concerns have been prompted by discussions raised
during the current review of the Air NEPM, which
is due to be completed in early 2009.
Emissions from diesel vehicles contribute
disproportionately to pollution in urban areas.
Although they comprise less than 10% of the total
Australian vehicle fleet, they are estimated to
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for South Australia by the
Hon. Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and Conservation for
the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 237
SA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
contribute between 60 and 80% of particle emissions.
This, coupled with the continued growth in fuel
consumption by the diesel fleet, provides a clear
‘trigger’ for the reduction of emissions from in-service
diesel vehicles. Diesel consumption on a national
basis is projected to be 13% of all road transport fuels
by 2009–10 and 16% by 2019–20. (Apelbaum, 2008)
The current state of knowledge about the condition
of the in-service diesel fleet in South Australia is
growing. Within the current reporting period, 2007–08,
the Department for Transport Energy and Infrastructure
(DTEI) has continued exhaust emissions testing of
diesel fuelled vehicles within its Demonstration
Diesel NEPM Test and Repair Program. Emissions
data generated from the program will be used for
the modelled evaluation of ‘whole of diesel fleet’
performance. The program included testing up to 500
diesel vehicles operating in South Australia and also
included repairs to the worst 20% of those vehicles.
As SA has the second oldest vehicle fleet in the
nation we can expect environmental gains as a result
of any future diesel emissions management programs.
Issues to be addressed include recognition that the
diesel repair industry generally focuses on vehicle
drivability and performance rather than monitoring
exhaust emissions. In addition, enforcement agencies
have been focussed on managing vehicle safety rather
than emissions. Any attempt to reduce polluting diesel
vehicle exhaust emissions must be underpinned by
long term management strategies, developed in
consultation with key stakeholders, which raise
awareness and understanding within enforcement
agencies, the diesel repair industry and with those
of our community who operate diesel vehicles.
TAFE training in Diesel Emissions is conducted at
O’Halloran Hill. Two day modules are delivered with
approximately f ifteen participants per course. To date
a total of ninety diesel mechanics and other interested
participants from vehicle maintenance industries. The
two day course provides information and training in
Diesel Emissions focussing on engine performance,
engine testing and maintenance to reduce exhaust
pollutants. From the commencement of 2008 the
course has been introduced into the apprentice
training curriculum. Fifty apprentices have visited
the vehicle emissions test facility as part of their
vocational training.
Provision of further information to relevant stake-
holders during delivery of the demonstration test and
repair program will assist in raising awareness and
supporting change. Involvement of relevant groups
in the program will also aid in demystifying issues
around motor vehicle emissions testing and testing
procedures.
The Demonstration Test and Repair Program’s
objectives are to:
• evaluate the condition of the diesel vehicle fleet
in South Australia and repair the worst polluting
vehicles
• raise awareness of key DTEI employees, the
industry and diesel vehicle operators, owners and
the public to Diesel NEPM in-service standards
and related testing protocols
• develop a support infrastructure for the training
of emissions testing facility personnel and diesel
mechanics
• support the evaluation of the need to manage diesel
emissions as required under the Diesel NEPM
• develop recommendations about future emissions
programs and emissions enforcement programs
in South Australia.
The program outputs include:
• completed testing of 111 diesel buses from the
public transport bus fleet in accordance with the
Diesel NEPM requirements
• completed testing of a representative sample of
371 private diesel vehicles
• repair and re-testing of the worst polluting vehicles
(23 of the 84 vehicles that failed DT 80 testing)
• delivery of a National Road Transport Commission
developed eco-maintenance training program for
industry and other key stakeholders including DTEI
• a communications campaign
• establishment of a f ixed emissions testing facility
with the option to provide the ability to test diesel
and petrol vehicles.
The demonstration test and repair program elements
developed within the framework provided by the
Diesel NEPM include:
• program management
• communications campaign
• vehicle selection
• vehicle recruitment
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8238
SA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
• incentive scheme
• emissions testing
• ‘eco-maintenance’ training
• vehicle repair
• Quality Assurance, data analysis and reporting
• consideration of future uses of the emissions
testing facilities.
Smoky Vehicle Program
Consideration is being given to issues associated with
delivering this type of program.
The framework for delivery of a program is currently
under review subject to:
• the evaluation of results obtained from the
demonstration test and repair program
• extent of impacts of motor vehicles exhaust
emissions on ambient air quality to be reported in
an upcoming State of Environment Report 2008
• development of an appropriate funding and
resourcing model.
Bio-diesel Bus and Train Operation
The South Australian Government has made a
commitment to use bio-diesel in a signif icant portion
of its public transport fleet. Currently all metropolitan
trains are operating on a 10% biodiesel blend (B10).
A blend of biodiesel and diesel is now being used in
all diesel powered metropolitan buses. About 10% of
the bus fleet is operating on B20, 65% is operating
on B5 with percentage share of buses on B20
increasing gradually and the remaining 25% already
running on compressed natural gas) and in all diesel
trains. Other bio-diesel blends (B20, B50 and B100)
have been tested under laboratory conditions and
several buses are in regular operation running on
B20. Increasing the bio-diesel blend for the bus and
train fleet as a whole to B20 is being investigated.
Public Transport Bus Procurement
The SA Government is currently procuring a range
of new public transport buses. The use of technologies
other than diesel powered vehicles has been highly
valued in the assessment of the tender submissions.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The DTEI has implemented a Diesel NEPM
Demonstration Test and Repair Program at the
government-owned and operated vehicle emissions
test facility located at Regency Park in Adelaide’s
north western suburbs. The program received funding
from the Federal Government.
The program has achieved a several important
milestones, including:
• a pilot program of emissions testing completed, of
111 public transport buses, 12 of which were retested
• the upgrade of TAFE SA’s O’Halloran Hill
Campus lab commissioned, to include emission
measurement equipment.
A communication campaign was developed and
delivered a several outcomes, including:
• the launch of the facility in October 2006 was
officially opened by the Parliamentary Secretary
to the Premier and received coverage in South
Australia on radio, television and newspapers
• a brochure providing information regarding the
facility and the Demonstration Test and Repair
Program were distributed initially at the opening
of the facility
• fact sheets providing information on the Diesel
Vehicle In-Service Performance, DT80 Drive
Cycle, Diesel Vehicle Emissions, Demonstration
Test and Repair Program, the Learning Outcomes
of the Diesel Emissions training module and a
Capability Statement of the Facility have been
developed and are available on request or through
the internet web site
• a DTEI internet website has been created for the
Vehicle Emission Test Facility which contains
documents produced for the facility including the
newsletter, brochures and fact sheets
<www.transport.sa.gov.au/transport_network/
vehicle_emissions/index.asp>
• posters have been developed to attract potential
customers to volunteer their vehicles for the Test
and Repair Program or to have their heavy vehicles
tested to receive an emissions test report for
purposes of the Australian Tax Office (ATO)
fuel tax credit. Posters have been distributed to
metropolitan Registration and Licensing Customer
Service Centres and key heavy vehicle operators,
repairers and bus companies
• at a recent Motor Show in South Australia, the
Royal Automobile Association (RAA) distributed
the Vehicle Emissions brochures to visitors at
their promotions stand
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 239
SA
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
• an article has appeared in recent RAA editions
of the ‘SA Motor Magazine’ and the approved
repairer’s network newsletter ‘RAA Issues’
• meetings held with transport operators and
associations in both the heavy truck and bus
industry.
Several other initiatives are also in progress
at this time:
• currently evaluating the results from conducting
a test and repair pilot program of a representative
sample of South Australian registered diesel vehicles
using the in-service Diesel Emission Standard and
Composite Urban Emission Drive Cycle, to date
482 vehicles have been tested from the passenger,
light commercial and heavy vehicle categories
• actively delivering industry-wide training in line
with the NTC ‘Cleaning the Air: Protecting the
environment from diesel emissions’ Training Plan
in conjunction with TAFE SA for up to 200
industry representatives
• the course has recently been included into the
Apprentice Training Curriculum.
It is expected that the program will deliver other
benefits to South Australia, including:
• improving data/knowledge of the emissions
performance of the diesel vehicle fleet in South
Australia
• emission reductions gained by repairing some
of the worst polluting vehicles
• the capacity to train emissions facility operators
and diesel mechanics in the emissions aspects
of diesel engine maintenance
• improving the awareness/understanding of
key stakeholders (e.g. regulators and industry)
to Diesel NEPM processes and practicalities
• improved public awareness of diesel emissions
management strategies
• increased potential to implement Diesel NEPM
related programs.
In addition, this program will build the potential and,
to a significant degree, allow for the future development
of an in-service emission testing of the non-diesel
components of the fleet (i.e. petrol and alternative
fuels) where required.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Preliminary evaluation of the results from the
Demonstration Diesel NEPM Test and Repair
Program indicates approximately 10% of diesel
fuelled vehicles are likely to be heavy polluters and
following the application of appropriate servicing
and maintenance a reduction of approximately forty-
five tonnes of pollutants ( NOx and PM combined)
per 1000 vehicles may be achieved.
A formal program of strategies to reduce emissions
from in-service diesel vehicles taking into account
environmental, economic, social and equity
considerations is under consideration.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Ta
s–
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
240
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Under Section 12A of the Tasmanian State Policies
and Projects Act 1993, NEPMs made under Section
14(1) of the National Environment Protection
Council (Tasmania) Act 1995 are taken to be State
Policies which have been passed by both Houses
of Parliament.
Implementation activities
The contract between the Department of Tourism,
Arts and the Environment and the Commonwealth
Department of the Environment and Water Resources,
to fund a series of diesel engine skill gap training
workshops in the south, north and northwest of the
State in both 2006 and 2007 through TAFE Tasmania,
has now been f inalised. In total $439 823.50 was
expended in the purchase of diesel emissions testing
equipment and in the running of free three-hour
training courses for 321 qualif ied mechanics.
Since the end of the program TAFE Tasmania has
conducted additional training on a fee-paying basis
($100 per participant). Attendance has been small
indicating that the State’s training needs in this area
have largely been met. TAFE Tasmania intends to
continue to offer this training on an ‘as required’ basis.
Implementation summary and evaluation
As of 30 June 2008 there were 11 655 diesel powered
heavy vehicles (that is vehicles over 4.5 tonnes) and
54 635 diesel powered light vehicles registered in the
State. This represents an increase of 3.4 % and 9.1 %
respectively for the previous reporting period. Of the
total of 505 151 vehicles registered in Tasmania at
30 June 2008, 13.1 % were diesel powered.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The need for training in this area, within the
transport industry throughout the State, appears
to have been met.
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for Tasmania by the Hon.
Michelle O’Byrne MP, Minister for the Environment, Parks, Heritage and
the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AC
T –
DIE
SE
L V
EH
ICL
E E
MIS
SIO
NS
241
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Road Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation
2000 requires emission control systems supplied
by vehicle manufacturers to remain f itted and
functional. This is consistent with NEPM goals.
Implementation activities
Approximately, 4% of the ACT’s registered vehicle
fleet of 272 000 vehicles are powered by diesel.
Aggregate air quality data indicates that air pollution
caused by diesel emissions is not a signif icant
contributor to the urban airshed in the ACT. Pollutants
associated with diesel emissions in the ACT are well
below NEPM trigger values. Therefore, no actions
are taken in the ACT as a result of measures against
the Diesel NEPM.
Notwithstanding the above, the ACT has introduced
a number of measures consistent with achieving the
goal of the NEPM, these include:
• adoption of the Australian Design Rules, as
requirements under Schedule 1 of the Road
Transport (Vehicle Registration) Regulation 2000
• requiring emission control equipment f itted to
a vehicle to remain f itted and be maintained in
a condition to ensure that it operates essentially
in accordance with the system’s original design
under Schedule 1 of the Road Transport (Vehicle
Registration) Regulation 2000
• implementation of random on-road and car park
inspections
• implementation of arrangements enabling members
of the community to report vehicles that they consider
unroadworthy, including those that emit excessive
smoke, and enabling appropriate action against
those vehicles
• ACT Government subscription to Greenfleet for the
planting of trees to offset its vehicles fleet emissions
• supporting ACT representation on the fuel standards
consultative committee.
While statistics on the number of inspections and
how many defects and warnings are collected at this
stage, the reason for these enforcement actions are
currently not collated. In general, ACT inspectors
would not normally issue an infringement notice
to a vehicle emitting excessive smoke. The ACT has
found it more beneficial to require a vehicle to be
repaired than to impose a monetary penalty. Issuing
a monetary penalty is likely to delay repairs or make
it more diff icult for owners to repair their vehicles.
In addition to the above, as part of the ACT
Government Fleet Efficiency Program, the ACT has
purchased sixty-six compressed natural gas (CNG)
powered buses, which are currently in service.
It is proposed that a further four CNG buses will
be introduced into service before the end of 2008.
This would bring the total number of CNG powered
buses in the ACT to seventy. Two buses that were
converted to operate on CNG have been returned
to diesel operation as the trial of these two vehicles
was unsuccessful.
Implementation summary and evaluation
An assessment of the need to manage the emissions
from the ACT’s in-service diesel fleet has
indicated that:
• air pollution caused by diesel vehicles is not
a signif icant contributor to the urban airshed
in the ACT
• there appears to be a high level of compliance
with the in-service emissions standards.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Not applicable. The ACT airshed quality is such that
actions under NEPM are not triggered.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for the Australian Capital
Territory by Mr John Hargreaves MLA, Minister for Territory and
Municipal Services for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8242
NT
– D
IES
EL
VE
HIC
LE
EM
ISS
ION
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 216)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
A number of initiatives are implemented to control
diesel vehicle emissions. Vehicle standards are
enforced through the general provisions of the Motor
Vehicles Act and the Australian Vehicle Standard Rules
which require all vehicles to comply with Australian
Design Rules when in service. Vehicle roadworthy
inspections are undertaken for all light and heavy diesel
vehicles and these inspections include checking that
all required emission control equipment is f itted as
well as the detection of smoky vehicles.
Implementation activities
The diesel vehicle fleet in the Northern Territory
comprises less than 5% of the national diesel fleet.
Currently, there are approximately 42 000 diesel
vehicles registered in the Northern Territory,
approximately 23 000 of which are registered in the
greater Darwin area.
A signif icant restructure has occurred in the road
transport industry in the Northern Territory over the
last 2–3 years in response to the advent of freight
services on the Adelaide to Darwin rail corridor.
FreightLink (the rail operator) has suggested it has
secured around 90% of the railable freight task and
as a result there are signif icantly increased short-haul
operations around rail terminals in Darwin, Alice
Springs, Tennant Creek and Katherine.
Aggregate data on diesel emissions for the Northern
Territory is not available. However, ambient air
quality studies and the National Pollutant Inventory
indicate that motor vehicle traff ic is not a major
contributor to air emissions in the larger urban centres.
A smoky vehicle program is undertaken as part of the
Territory’s vehicle registration and roadworthiness
testing procedures. Records of diesel vehicles issued
with defect orders show that only a minor fraction
of vehicles checked as part of the vehicle registration
process received a defect notice due to engine smoke.
The majority of the Northern Territory road train
fleet is less than f ive years old and employs the latest
technology in engine management systems to minimise
fuel consumption costs. On a payload per emission
basis, road trains operating line haul operations in
remote Australia are considered to be some of the
most environmentally eff icient road freight vehicles
in the world. The Territory’s open access policy
provides for ‘as of right’ access for road trains and
100% network access for vehicles operating at higher
mass limits. In addition the Territory’s innovative
vehicle policy promotes the development of high
productivity innovative vehicle combinations which
can deliver further eff iciency benefits.
Pollutants associated with diesel emissions in the NT
are well below emission standards. Therefore, current
air quality is not considered a ‘trigger’ for change
in relation to managing diesel emissions in the NT.
The Northern Territory will continue to monitor the
need for action on diesel emissions and will take
appropriate action as required.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Measures are in place to control diesel vehicle
emissions in the Territory. Pollutants from diesel
vehicles are not a major contributor to air emissions
in larger urban centres.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Although diesel vehicle exhaust emissions are not
a major source of pollution in the Northern Territory,
administrative procedures are in place to reduce
pollution from in-service diesel vehicles.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Diesel Vehicle Emissions) Measure for the Northern Territory
by the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources, Environment
and Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Movement of Controlled Waste betweenStates and Territories NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8244
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection Council
(Movement of Controlled Waste between States and
Territories) Measure
Made by Council: 26 June 1998
Commencement Date: 8 July 1998
(advertised in the Commonwealth of Australia
Gazette No. GN 27, 8 July 1998, p 2212)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The desired goal for the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between
States and Territories) Measure is set out in clause 11
of the Measure as follows:
11. The national environment protection goal
of this Measure is to assist in achieving the
desired environmental outcomes set out in
clause 12 by providing a basis for ensuring
that controlled wastes which are to be moved
between States and Territories are properly
identif ied, transported, and otherwise handled
in ways which are consistent with environ-
mentally sound practices for the management
of these wastes.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcome for the National
Environment Protection (Movement of Controlled
Waste between States and Territories) Measure is set
out in clause 12 of the Measure as follows:
12. The desired environmental outcomes of this
Measure are to minimise the potential for
adverse impacts associated with the movement
of controlled waste on the environment and
human health.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Movement of Controlled
Waste between States and Territories) Measure is
based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Clause 13(1) of the NEPM states that:
In order to facilitate reporting on the implement-
ation and effectiveness of the NEPM, the relevant
agency of each participating state and territory
should provide collated summary information
on the:
(i) movement of controlled waste into each
jurisdiction, indicating jurisdiction of origin,
waste code and quantity of waste;
(ii) level of discrepancies (e.g. non-arrival
of a consignment) as a percentage of total
authorised controlled waste movements; and
(iii) benefits arising from the implementation
of the Measure.
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for the Commonwealth by the Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP,
Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts for the reporting
year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Commonwealth implements the NEPM by using
State and Territory tracking and reporting systems.
Until a declaration applying State and Territory
legislation to Commonwealth activities is prepared
under the National Environment Protection Measures
(Implementation) Act 1998, the Commonwealth will
continue to implement the NEPM administratively.
Through its involvement in the Implementation
Working Group (IWG), the Commonwealth is working
with the States and Territories to continue to implement
the NEPM in a consistent approach.
Implementation activities
Six Commonwealth portfolio agencies reported on
the NEPM. They were the Department of Defence,
Department of the Environment, Water Heritage and
the Arts (Australian Antarctic Division and National
Film and Sound Archive), Department of Innovation,
Industry, Science and Research (Australian Institute
of Marine Science—AIMS, Australian Nuclear
Science and Technology Organisation—ANSTO and
Commonwealth Scientif ic and Industrial Research
Organisation—CSIRO), Department of Infrastructure,
Transport, Regional Development and local government
(Airservices Australia, Airports Branch), Department
of Resources, Energy and Tourism (Geoscience
Australia) and the Treasury (Royal Australian Mint).
All of the reporting agencies indicated that they
had incorporated activities under the NEPM in their
environmental management systems, waste management
tracking systems or occupational health and safety
requirements. Some of these agencies also reported
that they were actively incorporating audits of their
systems and those of waste management contractors.
Four agencies relied on their contractors to comply
with the NEPM. One of the agencies provided
environmental training programs to the contractors
on a site by site basis while another reported that it
had implemented a new Environmental Management
Policy that would include a review of the management
of chemical waste. One of these agencies also
performed an annual audit to provide information
to management on the level of wastes on site and
its compliance with its waste strategies.
One agency reported that it had undertaken an
investigation of the implementation of the NEPM.
Another agency indicated that it had designated
environmental safety officers to provide advice on
waste disposal and NEPM. One agency was using
a risk management database to record activities that
resulted in a movement of controlled waste, with
links to licences and receipts. All agencies reported
that either relevant training was provided to the staff
involved with the reporting of the NEPM or if the
NEPM reporting was outsourced, licensed and
trained contractors were appointed.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The IWG is focused on resolving practical aspects
of the implementation of the NEPM. The Common-
wealth contributes to this work because of the similar
issues that are faced in implementing the Hazardous
Waste (Regulation of Exports and Imports) Act 1989,
particularly in the area of compliance and enforcement.
Information seminars were undertaken by the
Department of the Environment, Water Heritage and
the Arts to assist with the NEPM reporting.
One agency reported that it had undertaken an
investigation of the implementation of the NEPM
at its sites. The investigation discovered some
inconsistencies in the documentation requirements
between jurisdictions, but on the whole, it was found
that the agency’s contractors were largely complying
with the relevant state requirements. Another agency
Cw
lth–
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 245
Cw
lth
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8246
reported that for the movement of its wastes into
Australia, a ‘single classification and approval’ system
be developed that would incorporate the requirements
under other legislation as well as obligations under
international treaties.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM generally operates efficiently and provides
an effective framework for implementation across the
States and Territories. Significantly, no Commonwealth
agency indicated any problems in meeting the
requirements of the NEPM.
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for New South Wales by the Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for
Climate Change and the Environment for the reporting year ended
30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Protection of the Environment Operations Act
1997 (NSW) provides the legislative framework for
the implementation of the NEPM, which is given
effect through the Protection of the Environment
Operations (Waste) Regulation 2005 (the Regulation).
Note that the Environment Protection Authority
(EPA), which administers the Regulation, is now part
of the Department of Environment and Climate
Change (DECC).
Implementation activities
Around 90% of controlled waste movements into NSW
are now tracked on-line. There has been a substantial
drop in non-compliance with NEPM requirements
since the introduction of on-line waste tracking in
2006. More than 98%of controlled waste movements
are now compliant with NEPM requirements (Table 2).
Importantly, no incidents resulting in environmental
harm were reported in 2007–08.
The Department of Environment and Climate Change
has released a set of nine fact sheets to inform various
stakeholders about waste tracking responsibilities.
While all the fact sheets are applicable to interstate
controlled waste movements, one fact sheet specifically
addresses interstate movements. The fact sheets are
available in hard copy and on the DECC website.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Since the introduction of streamlined legislation and
on-line waste tracking in 2006 and following a series
of targeted compliance campaigns, there has been an
increase in compliance levels within the controlled
waste industry in NSW. The Controlled Waste NEPM
has been important in achieving these improvements
by providing common waste tracking requirements for
controlled waste movements within NSW and interstate.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM continues to provide an effective tool in
minimising the potential for adverse impacts associated
with the movement of controlled waste on the
environment and human health. A total of 102 901
tonnes of controlled waste in 6312 movements was
reported this period as having been transported into
NSW (Tables 1 and 3). This is a 20% increase on the
83 690 tonnes and 5044 movements in 2006–07.
The increase is primarily due to the high price of
lead, resulting in a substantial increase in lead acid
batteries being transported into NSW for resource
recovery, increased movements of biosolids from
Queensland into northern NSW for use as fertiliser
and increased amounts of grease trap waste and
contaminated soil from the ACT being transported to
treatment and disposal facilities in surrounding NSW.
Other signif icant changes include reduced inorganic
chemicals from Victoria and increases in paints, resins,
inks and organic sludges and putrescibles/organic
waste from Victoria and inorganic chemicals from
Tasmania. These latter changes appear to have been
brought about by changes in contractual arrangements.
In October 2007, the NSW Government introduced
a $38.60 per tonne levy on trackable liquid waste
received at licensed NSW treatment facilities. The
levy includes deductions to encourage resource
recovery and to prevent double charging for waste
subsequently sent elsewhere for further treatment
or disposal. The levy is applied to many controlled
liquid wastes, but does not apply to waste oil, grease
trap waste, sewerage sludge and spent pickle liquor
destined for reuse.
NS
W –
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 247
NSW has undertaken compliance campaigns during
2007–08 targeting waste transporters and has used
video surveillance in campaigns against illegal dumping.
No unlawful activity by interstate controlled waste
transporters was identif ied during these campaigns.
Further campaigns, targeting specif ic waste streams
and using waste tracking data to target potential areas
of non-compliance are planned for 2008–09.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8248
NS
W –
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into New South Wales for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 21.48 21.48
B Acids 11317.44 4.47 5.83 11327.74
C Alkalis 22.48 50.28 72.76
D Inorganic chemicals 29578.46 17783.65 1010.62 79.57 4481.92 174.42 85.42 53194.06
E Reactive chemicals 0.07 0.07
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 2622.45 938.83 1.04 16.00 64.41 3642.73
G Organic solvents 445.08 275.97 185.13 89.03 30.18 1025.39
H Pesticides 564.28 0.07 564.35
J Oils 4397.11 373.78 54.54 26.24 1574.17 6425.84
K Putrescible/organic
waste 3914.49 12937.25 3558.42 20410.16
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 166.16 1107.39 43.80 24.21 7.00 129.91 1478.47
N Soil/sludge 1461.90 333.92 19.26 2688.07 4503.15
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 0.20 33.79 118.81 152.80
T Misc. 27.99 2.00 52.33 82.32
State Totals (tonnes) 53931.28 34399.29 1295.13 208.81 4534.42 8446.97 85.42 102901.32
NS
W –
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 249
Table 2: Discrepancies in movements of controlled waste into New South Wales for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Percentage of total movements
Discrepancy Type Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Consignment non-arrival
Transport without authorisation 0.57
Non-matching documentation 1.72 0.36 2.86 0.54 2.28
Waste data
Table 3: Number of movements of controlled waste into New South Wales for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
2739 1926 70 68 185 1317 7
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8250
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The key legislative instruments consist of the
Environment Protection Act 1970, the Environment
Protection (Prescribed Waste) Regulations 1998 and
the Industrial Waste Management Policy (Movement
of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
2001 (IWMP). The Environment Protection (Prescribed
Waste) Regulations 1998 are currently under review,
however there will be no impact on the IWMP which
underpins Victoria’s enforcement of the NEPM.
Implementation activities
The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Victoria
is committed to the key guiding principles of the
Measure. In Victoria, the NEPM is implemented
through State policy, the IWMP. The Environment
Protection (Prescribed Waste) Regulations 1998
provide provision for the tracking system, and the
recognition of a transport licence issued in another
jurisdiction.
The Environment Protection Victoria is committed
to f ind ways to improve the effectiveness of the
Measure. Efficient administration including
compliance monitoring is a priority focus for the
tracking program. Close cooperation is maintained
between the State and Territory agencies, and the
Commonwealth representatives. In 2007–08, Victoria
continued to contribute to the working group.
For the 2007–08 reporting period, 649 authorisations
were issued, which is an increase from 520 in 2006–07
(25%). This increase is partly due to authorisations
with a limited timeframe. The total number of
movements (4127) into Victoria was higher than that
of the previous year (3608). This increase is an
indicative of the availability of a dynamic waste
recycling industry, which can deal with the full range
of recyclable wastes.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Through the enactment of implementation statute
(IWMP), Victoria has given legislative effect to the
Measure. The IWMP has provided Victoria with means
to assess each application on a consistent basis.
The consultation process and the reporting
mechanism provide closest possible uniformity with
the NEPM. Cooperation and dialogue between the
States and Territories is effective, with discrepancies
and illegal shipments being effectively resolved. EPA
Victoria maintains a close relationship with interstate
agencies, and is committed to long term engagement
to assist with enforcement efforts.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM continues to provide the framework that
is consistent with the requirements of the Victorian
industrial waste management policies. The framework
allows managing incoming wastes in such a way that
ensures that the potential for impacts associated with
the movement of controlled waste are minimised.
Victoria has in place a framework to avoid and
promote re-use and re-cycling of hazardous wastes.
Transport of wastes to and from other jurisdictions
for disposal is discouraged unless it is environmentally
preferable to do so.
Table 1 presents summary movements into Victoria
for the period 2007–08. The total amount of controlled
waste that was brought into Victoria during the
reporting year was 55 292 tonnes. This represents an
increase of approximately 1600 tonnes, compared
with the amount reported in 2006–07.
These increases reflect a consolidation of operations
within the waste management industry in Victoria.
Increased waste volumes are attributed to waste oils
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for Victoria by the Hon. Gavin Jennings MLC, Minister for
Environment and Climate Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
Vic
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 251
Vic
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
for reuse, and lead acid battery and smelter waste for
reprocessing. Waste tracking documents show that a
very high percentage (> 90%) of the wastes are destined
for reuse, recycling or energy recovery. The amount
of recyclable waste brought into Victoria has increased
for most controlled waste categories. Wastes brought
into Victoria for energy recovery operations account
for nearly 8% of the total waste stream.
Victoria and other jurisdictions have worked together
to prevent and detect the possible breaches relating
to cross border movements of controlled waste.
During the past year, Victoria has been involved in
the provision of data extracts to other jurisdictions
to assist with their enforcement efforts.
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into Victoria for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 5.00 5.00
B Acids 334.03 0.75 20.98 1.55 357.31
C Alkalis 1809.92 0.64 1810.56
D Inorganic chemicals 15257.02 377.59 3558.33 10793.54 1357.39 0.05 851.00 32194.92
E Reactive chemicals 10.02 0.11 0.05 10.18
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 2768.74 769.14 140.20 105.38 6.28 3789.74
G Organic solvents 2461.01 178.68 201.23 764.77 8.97 3614.66
H Pesticides 100.16 9.94 10.31 1.42 0.56 122.39
J Oils 7623.46 2038.55 138.50 299.29 29.00 10128.80
K Putrescible/organic
waste 2574.86 2574.86
L Industrial washwater 105.95 105.95
M Organic chemicals 208.87 21.96 1.78 64.36 20.00 316.97
N Soil/sludge 1.96 5.38 5.78 13.12
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 162.03 0.15 30.19 4.68 197.05
T Misc. 41.76 6.60 2.69 51.05
State Totals (tonnes) 33459.79 3408.36 3703.91 11280.93 2528.39 31.18 880.00 55292.56
Table 2: Discrepancies in movements of controlled waste into Victoria for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Percentage of total movements
Discrepancy Type NSW Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Consignment non-arrival 2.1 6.2 4.1 2.3 5.0 2.4 6.6
Transport without authorisation 15 1.9 1.4 5.5 43.3
Non-matching documentation 1.9 1.6 0.5 3.9 5.5 3.3
Waste data
Vic
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8252
Table 3: Number of movements of controlled waste into Victoria for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
2490 303 193 727 343 41 30
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 253
Qld
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Queensland Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) is responsible for the administration of the
Controlled Waste NEPM in Queensland. The
NEPM is implemented under the Environmental
Protection Act 1994 (EP Act), principally through
the Environmental Protection (Waste Management)
Regulation 2000. Consistent with the NEPM, the
regulation includes provisions for the tracking of
controlled waste and requirements for the prior
approval of consignments of controlled waste into
Queensland. Legislative requirements for the licensing
of controlled waste transporters are included in the
EP Act and the Environmental Protection Regulation
1998. In Queensland, administration of the NEPM
administration is integrated with intrastate tracking,
regulated waste licensing and compliance activities.
Implementation activities
During the period 2007–08, the Queensland EPA
issued 150 consignment authorisations, compared
with 172 during the period 2006–07 and 164 for
2005–06. All consignment authorisation decisions
were made within the required timeframes.
Five consignment applications were refused during
the period. All of the applications were refused on
the basis that the proposed receiving facility was
not appropriately licensed to receive the waste. Ten
applications were refused in 2006–07 and three were
refused in 2005–06. The Queensland EPA consulted
with the applicant and the jurisdiction of origin when
a refusal decision was made.
The Queensland EPA provided comments on seventy-
eight consignment applications made to other
jurisdictions for controlled waste proposed to be
moved from Queensland, the same number as in
2006–07, and compared with eighty-one for 2005–06.
All comments were made within the required
timeframes. A total of 949 movements were tracked
into Queensland in 2007–08, compared with 843
movements in 2006–07 and 1252 in 2005–06. During
2007–08, increased quantities of inorganic and f ilter
cake waste for chemical treatment and waste oil for
recycling were transported into Queensland.
Inter-jurisdictional consultation continued to be an
important aspect of the NEPM. The Queensland EPA
continued to participate actively in the Implementation
Working Group.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Queensland EPA has continued to administer
the NEPM to help ensure that controlled wastes are
appropriately managed. The prior approval process
through consignment authorisations and ongoing
inter-jurisdictional consultation has helped ensure
that controlled wastes are consigned to appropriately
licensed facilities.
Table 1 provides a summary of movements into
Queensland. The total amount of controlled waste
transported into Queensland was 11 358 tonnes during
2007–08, an increase from 8784 tonnes the previous
year. The 30% increase was mainly associated with
increases in chemical treatment of inorganic and filter
cake wastes and in waste oil recycling.
Discrepancies recorded in Table 2 were associated
with failures to complete waste transport certif icates
correctly. Discrepancies have been corrected and
waste handlers advised of their responsibilities under
the Environmental Protection (Waste Management)
Regulation 2000.
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for Queensland by the Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for
Sustainability, Climate Change and Innovation for the reporting year
ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8254
Qld
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM is continuing to provide an effective
monitoring framework for inter-jurisdictional movement
of controlled waste. Jurisdictional cooperation on the
administration of the NEPM continues to help ensure
an eff icient and effective system for the protection of
the environment from environmentally hazardous wastes.
The prior notif ication system for movements of
consignment authorisation is proving effective in
identifying potential non-compliant movements
before the movements occur.
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into Queensland for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Vic WA SA Tas ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 0.00
B Acids 35.79 12.00 1.58 0.88 0.45 4.64 55.34
C Alkalis 82.11 82.11
D Inorganic chemicals 721.75 3.39 9.53 734.67
E Reactive chemicals 1.49 1.49
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 495.24 495.24
G Organic solvents 0.68 0.80 1.48
H Pesticides 33.91 8.40 53.13 95.44
J Oils 5551.29 85.28 101.00 5737.57
K Putrescible/organic
waste 654.86 654.86
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 302.92 47.13 350.05
N Soil/sludge 172.67 10.85 18.50 1103.62 1305.64
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 290.60 1553.76 1844.36
T Misc. 0.00
State Totals (tonnes) 8343.31 1720.81 1.58 73.31 1104.07 0.00 115.17 11358.25
Table 2: Discrepancies in movements of controlled waste into Queensland for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Percentage of total movements
Discrepancy Type NSW Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT
Consignment non-arrival
Transport without authorisation
Non-matching documentation
Waste data 9 4 7
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 255
Qld
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
Table 3: Number of movements of controlled waste into Queensland for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Vic WA SA Tas ACT NT
579 289 1 14 55 11
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8256
WA
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste)
Regulations 2004 provide for the licensing of the
transport of controlled wastes and the provision of
permits detailing what waste is carried by whom and
where it is taken. This is the mechanism by which
implementation of the Controlled Waste NEPM has
been achieved in WA. The Industry Regulation
Branch of the Environmental Regulation Division
has carriage of this function.
The web based interactive tracking system implemented
by the Department in early 2004 to coincide with the
gazettal of the regulations is proving to be a valuable
tool in tighter enforcement of the regulations in
addition to providing accurate information on volumes
and categories of controlled wastes transported
intra-state. However the tracking system is not suitable
at present for the tracking of interstate transport of
controlled wastes. This is not a serious problem as
the volumes moving into WA are relatively low, are
readily tracked and approvals are entered in a simple
Excel spreadsheet.
The Environmental Protection (Controlled Waste)
Regulations 2004 are being reviewed and some changes
may be made, so as to improve the administration of
the Controlled Waste NEPM in WA.
Implementation activities
Through the Controlled Waste Regulations the NEPM
has been implemented State-wide in WA.
There is no evidence to suggest that there has been
less than full compliance with NEPM requirements
for the year ending June 2008.
Regular contact has been maintained with other
jurisdictions and the required administrative protocols
have been followed with all movements of controlled
waste across the WA border. Some possible non
compliance has been observed, however through this
inter-jurisdictional contact, these cases have been
resolved and found to be compliant transactions.
Implementation summary and evaluation
It is believed that implementation of the NEPM
in association with the Environmental Protection
(Controlled Waste) Regulations 2004, has achieved
the stated environmental outcome to minimise the
potential for adverse impacts on the environment
and human health associated with the movement
of controlled waste across the WA borders.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Whilst there are limited numbers of movements
of controlled waste across the Western Australia
borders, twenty six in 2007–08, f ifteen in 2006–07
as compared and thirty four in 2005–06, the NEPM
is effective in that:
• the environmental outcomes have been met. Whilst
there are no known instances of waste coming into
Western Australia untracked or being disposed of
inappropriately there is general increased diligence
by this jurisdiction in scrutinising waste transport
• there is clear data available on the known movements
• the waste industry, especially the transport sector
has clear guidelines on the transport of controlled
wastes across State and Territory borders. These
are consistent between States and Territories, the
same codes are used and similar forms are used.
The willingness of the waste industry to comply
with the NEPM requirements indicates that it
appreciates this uniformity.
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for Western Australia by the Hon. Donna Faragher MLC,
Minister for Environment for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 257
WA
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
Table 2: Number of movements of controlled waste into Western Australia for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Vic Qld SA Tas ACT NT
7 12 2 1 2 2
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into Western Australia for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Vic Qld SA Tas ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 0.00
B Acids 0.00
C Alkalis 0.00
D Inorganic chemicals 60.00 60.00
E Reactive chemicals 0.00
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 69.00 69.00
G Organic solvents 0.00
H Pesticides 0.70 8.00 9.60 18.30
J Oils 100.00 100.00
K Putrescible/organic
waste 6.00 6.00
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 0.00
N Soil/sludge 72.00 76.00 1.00 80.00 229.00
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 0.00
T Misc. 104.07 152.67 256.74
State Totals (tonnes) 176.77 297.67 160.00 1.00 88.00 0.00 15.60 739.04
No discrepancies were reported for the period of 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8258
SA
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Environment Protection Authority undertakes the
administration of the Measure. The Measure operates
as an Environment Protection Policy in South Australia
pursuant to provisions of the Environment Protection
Act 1993 (the Act). It is implemented through
conditions attached to an Environmental Authorisation
in accordance with Section 45 of the Act.
Implementation activities
The Measure is now fully implemented in South
Australia. Waste producers, transporters and operators
of waste facilities are required to:
• utilise Waste Transport Certif icates
• where necessary apply for consignment
authorisations prior to consigning, transporting
or receiving controlled waste.
Information received from Waste Certificates is entered
into the EPA’s database that enables reconciliation
of waste transported against waste received and
summaries of waste types and amounts managed
in accordance with the Measure.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The assessment of the information received via Waste
Transport Certif icates enables compliance measures
to be taken in regard to persons not appropriately
authorised or licensed to transport or receive controlled
wastes. This measure has assisted in ensuring that
controlled wastes are properly transported and managed
at facilities and minimises the risk of these activities,
which accords with the goal of the Measure.
Communication between South Australia and other
jurisdictions has been regular, frequent and open, and
has assisted in understanding the issues relating to the
inter-jurisdictional management of controlled wastes.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The continued implementation of the Measure has
provided improved opportunities and provided a
medium for consultation and communication with
other jurisdictions in regard to waste management.
The Measure has assisted the waste management
industry’s understanding of the clear requirements
for the transportation of waste into and out of South
Australia. It has enabled the Environment Protection
Authority to ensure that controlled wastes entering
South Australia are transported and treated in a fashion
that minimises the potential for adverse impacts on
the environment or human health. It has also allowed
for controlled wastes to be transported to other
jurisdictions for treatment in a proper and satisfactory
fashion, reducing stockpiles in South Australia.
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for South Australia by the Hon. Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for
Environment and Conservation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 259
SA
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
Table 2: Discrepancies in movements of controlled waste into South Australia for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Percentage of total movements
Discrepancy Type NSW Vic Qld WA Tas ACT NT
Consignment non-arrival 38 16 38 21 67 27
Transport without authorisation 1 2
Non-matching documentation 98 61 85 62 99 79
Waste data 13 26 38 36 3
Table 3: Number of movements of controlled waste into South Australia for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Vic Qld WA Tas ACT NT
313 170 34 81 141 217
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into South Australia for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Vic Qld WA Tas ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 0.75 11.56 0.44 12.75
B Acids 1.44 11.43 12.87
C Alkalis 38.10 38.10
D Inorganic chemicals 790.29 2456.05 1235.90 2343.92 1.15 6827.31
E Reactive chemicals 23.75 23.75
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 117.80 44.85 1.44 164.09
G Organic solvents 38.40 231.38 8.88 98.59 3.03 380.28
H Pesticides 12.87 12.87
J Oils 39.40 415.89 715.43 2483.60 3654.32
K Putrescible/organic
waste 0.00
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 2.50 2.50
N Soil/sludge 345.01 0.25 345.26
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 2.00 73.24 75.24
T Misc. 75.62 75.62
State Totals (tonnes) 988.08 3183.48 724.31 1679.50 2345.92 0.00 2703.67 11624.96
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8260
Ta
s–
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In Tasmania the NEPM is a State Policy under the
State Policies and Projects Act 1993. The key legislative
instrument for implementation of the NEPM is the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control
Act 1994. By early 2009, Controlled Waste Tracking
Regulations will be in force to further strengthen the
regulatory framework for the NEPM. The Department
of Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts is the
responsible Agency for the purposes of implementation
of the NEPM.
Implementation activities
The NEPM is fully implemented in Tasmania. It is
delivered primarily through specif ic requirements on
waste transport companies by issuing Waste Transport
Business-Environment Protection Notices (WTB–EPNs)
under the Environmental Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994. New transport regulations will be
in place by early 2009 and will introduce a tracking
system analogous to the NEPM, by requiring waste
transport certif icates to move controlled waste.
Tasmania regularly consults with the other jurisdictions
on NEPM matters such as issuing Consignment
Authorisations and appropriateness of treatment/
disposal facilities. Tasmania continues to participate
in all implementation aspects of the NEPM including
exchange of relevant information, through active
membership in the Implementation Working Group
which has met face to face during the reporting period.
Issues raised by industry, waste transport companies
and other Agencies continue to be satisfactorily
resolved through this forum.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Compliance of the NEPM requirements by waste
producers, transport companies and receiving facilities
has been good and there have been no discrepancies
over the reporting period. This reflects a high level
of awareness by the industry of their requirements
under the NEPM. The Environment Division continues
to assist waste producers and transport companies in
identifying controlled wastes to ensure appropriate
handling and disposal. Tasmania consults on a regular
basis with other jurisdictions to ensure compliance
and exchange of key information about controlled
waste movements.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
A significant impetus in achieving the NEPM goal has
been on-going consultation between waste producers,
transporters and DEPHA on controlled waste matters.
A reduction in risks of adverse impacts associated
with transport of controlled waste on the environment
and human health has been achieved through improved
waste management and tracking. There have been
additional consultations between jurisdictions (with
Victoria in particular) in relation to the appropriateness
of issuing consignment authorisations. This reporting
period has seen a large increase in the movements
of waste into Tasmania. The main reason for this
was Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) dust from Victoria
and New South Wales for reprocessing; however the
State still relies on access to appropriate facilities
of neighbour States for various classes of
controlled wastes.
There is a high level of awareness and compliance
with the NEPM requirements in Tasmania as evidenced
by more accurate waste tracking documentation being
received by the Environment Division.
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for Tasmania by the Hon. Michelle O’Byrne MP, Minister for the
Environment, Parks, Heritage and the Arts for the reporting year ended
30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 261
Ta
s–
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
Table 2: Number of movements of controlled waste into Tasmania for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Vic Qld WA SA ACT NT
34 236 13
Table 1: quantity of controlled waste into Tasmania for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Vic Qld WA SA ACT NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 0.00
B Acids 2.16 2.16
C Alkalis 0.00
D Inorganic chemicals 622.96 4735.56 0.13 5358.65
E Reactive chemicals 0.00
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 0.00
G Organic solvents 18.20 18.20
H Pesticides 0.00
J Oils 4.80 4.80
K Putrescible/organic
waste 30.21 30.21
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 0.00
N Soil/sludge 35.54 35.54
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 0.00
T Misc. 0.28 0.28
State Totals (tonnes) 622.96 4735.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 91.32 0.00 5449.84
No discrepancies were reported for the period of 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008.
Note: ACT figures reflect waste from the Australian Antarctic Territory
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8262
AC
T –
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Environment Protection and Heritage part of
Environment and Recreation, Territory and Municipal
Services Department is responsible for the administration
of the NEPM through the Environment Protection
Act 1997 (the Act) and Division 7.2 (Transport of
Controlled Waste) of the Environment Protection
Regulations 2005.
Implementation activities
The NEPM has been fully implemented in the ACT.
Environment Protection and Heritage continued to
work with industry during 2007–08 to ensure efficient
implementation of the NEPM.
NEPM documents (which include an explanation of
producer, transporter and waste facility responsibilities
and instructions on how to complete a waste transport
certif icate) produced by Environment Protection and
Heritage continue to be of great benefit to stakeholders
in ensuring compliance with their statutory
requirements.
All parties bound by the NEPM have complied with
the NEPM’s protocols and information reporting
requirements. Regular contact has been maintained
with other jurisdictions to ensure cooperative
administration of the NEPM.
Environment Protection and Heritage continued to
participate in the Implementation Working Group for
the NEPM.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The ACT has continued to administer the NEPM to
ensure that the goal of the NEPM is achieved. The
NEPM has been fully operational in the ACT since
March 2000 and no major issues have been identif ied
with its operation. To the end of the reporting period
a total of f ifty-four consignment authorisations have
been issued, this number includes the renewal of
ongoing consignment numbers.
A large number of movements have continued into
the ACT for the treatment of polychlorinated biphenyl
contaminated oil treatment by the ESI (Energy Services
Invironmental) facility and Stericorp for the
treatment of clinical waste.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM continues to provide an effective means
of tracking hazardous waste between jurisdictions,
and minimising environmental risk from interstate
transportation of controlled waste.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for the Australian Capital Territory by Mr Jon Stanhope MLA,
Minister for the Environment, Water and Climate Change for the reporting
year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 263
AC
T –
MO
VE
ME
NT
OF
CO
NT
RO
LL
ED
WA
ST
E B
ET
WE
EN
ST
AT
ES
AN
D T
ER
RIT
OR
IES
Table 2: Number of movements of controlled waste into the Australian Capital Territory for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas NT
935 1
Table 1: Quantity of controlled waste into the Australian Capital Territory for the period
1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008
Tonnes per waste category by State/Territory
Code Description NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas NT Total
(tonnes)
A Plating & Heat
Treatment 0.00
B Acids 0.00
C Alkalis 0.00
D Inorganic chemicals 0.00
E Reactive chemicals 0.00
F Paints, resins, inks
organic sludges 0.00
G Organic solvents 0.00
H Pesticides 0.00
J Oils 269.38 269.38
K Putrescible/organic
waste 0.00
L Industrial washwater 0.00
M Organic chemicals 478.25 11.90 490.15
N Soil/sludge 0.00
R Clinical &
pharmaceutical 258.93 258.93
T Misc. 0.00
State Totals (tonnes) 1006.56 0.00 11.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1018.46
No discrepancies were reported for the period of 1 July 2007 to 30 June 2008.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8264
NT
– M
OV
EM
EN
T O
F C
ON
TR
OL
LE
D W
AS
TE
BE
TW
EE
N S
TA
TE
S A
ND
TE
RR
ITO
RIE
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 244)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Waste Management and Pollution Control Act
1998 (the Act) provides the legislative basis to regulate
and administer the NEPM. The Department of
Natural Resources, Environment the Arts and Sport
currently administers the NT’s obligations through
licensing of scheduled activities that involve the
movement of controlled wastes across State/Territory
boundaries and the issuing and receipt of Waste
Transport Certif icates. This level of involvement
is commensurate with the terms of the Agreement
between States and Territories on matters relating
to the implementation of the NEPM. The level of
environmental safeguard is further bolstered within
the Territory by the NT Worksafe administration of
the Dangerous Goods (Road and Rail Transport) Act.
Implementation activities
The Northern Territory is currently meeting its
obligations under the NEPM requirements and
complying with NEPM protocols. The Territory is
administering tracking requirements via the 5 docket
Waste Transport Certif icates currently adopted by all
other signatories to the Agreement with the exception
of NSW. The level of sophistication in tracking
movements is fairly rudimentary, and the Territory
is of the opinion that any increase in the technology
afforded to tracking should be carried out at a national
level and made available to all States and Territories
in order to maintain continuity and consistency in the
approach to tracking.
Activities involving the transfer of controlled wastes
across State and Territory boundaries are scheduled
under the Act and are licensed in accordance with the
NEPM protocols.
There were no recorded movements of controlled waste
into the NT in the reporting period. No discrepancies
have been recorded.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Northern Territory considers that current tenor
in which the NEPM is being implemented is sufficient
to meet the obligations under the Agreement. It
has, however, been considered that should the NT
experience a marked increase in controlled waste
movements and/or has become the focus for movements
into the Territory, further consideration as to the
development of an Environmental Protection Objective
under section 22 of the Act may be necessary.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Currently the Territory is a net exporter of controlled
wastes interstate. Licensing for the movement of
controlled waste interstate and general reporting
obligations under the Act have not indicated any
inconsistencies in meeting NEPM Goals and Desired
Environmental Outcomes.
Tracking of controlled wastes through the current
docket system does give rise to some inconsistency
in the receipt of treatment/disposal documentation.
This has on occasion been alleviated by contacting
reciprocal off icers in other jurisdictions. The
Territory is aware of steps in other jurisdictions to
implement electronic tracking and supports the move
to speed up and improve the transfer of information
on waste movements and to reduce the administrative
burden to both the Public and Private sectors. The
Territory is, however, unable to support the cost of
developing its own electronic tracking system due
in part to the relatively small volume of controlled
waste moved interstate, the small number of licensed
entities from which revenue could be derived in
support of such a move and the complexities of
trying to legislate for intrastate waste movements.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Movement of Controlled Waste between States and Territories)
Measure for the Northern Territory by the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister
for Natural Resources, Environment and Heritage for the reporting year
ended 30 June 2008
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
National Pollutant Inventory NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
National Pollutant Inventory
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8266
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(National Pollutant Inventory) Measure
Made by Council: 27 February 1998
Commencement Date: Clauses 1 and 2 of the Measure
commenced on the date of Gazettal 4 March 1998
(advertised in Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. S89, 4 March 1998, p 1) with the remaining
provisions of the Measure commencing on 1 July 1998.
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The environment protection goals are established
by clause 6 of this Measure as follows:
6. The national environment protection goals
established by this Measure are to assist in
reducing the existing and potential impacts of
emissions of substances and to assist government,
industry and the community in achieving the
desired environmental outcomes set out in
clause 5 by providing a basis for:
(a) the collection of a broad base of information
on emissions of substances on the reporting
list to air, land and water; and
(b) the dissemination of information collected
to all sectors of the community in a useful,
accessible and understandable form.
In summary, the NPI NEPM provides the framework
for the development and establishment of the NPI
which is an Internet database designed to provide
publicly available information on the types and
amounts of certain chemicals being emitted to the
air, land and water.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcomes, as set out
in clause 5 of the Measure, are:
(a) the maintenance and improvement of:
(i) ambient air quality; and
(ii) ambient marine, estuarine and fresh
water quality;
(b) the minimisation of environmental impacts
associated with hazardous wastes; and
(c) an expansion in the re-use and recycling
of used materials.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM with
NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM reporting
requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Longer term performance indicators relating to the
effectiveness of the National Pollutant Inventory
(NPI) have been listed in some Memoranda of
Understanding (MOU) between the Commonwealth
and the State and Territories for the years 2005–09.
They have been included to provide jurisdictions
with a guide to the type of information that could
be reported. Indicators could include:
• number of ‘hits’ on data base
• number of facility reports on the database
• feedback/data from industry indicates that the
process of emission estimation and reporting from
the NPI has led to increased consideration of waste
minimisation and cleaner production initiatives
• feedback from users of the database on its usability
and on the relevance of the information for their needs
• total number of reporters in comparison to 2006–07
• range of industry sectors reporting
• number of new reporters
• new industry sectors reporting
• any other indicator identif ied.
Jurisdictions should report on those specif ic criteria
that are appropriate for their responsibilities under
the NPI Measure.
Commonwealth
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for the Commonwealth
by the Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage
and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 267
Cw
lth–
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM is implemented through administrative
arrangements.
Implementation activities
Overview
Commonwealth activities focused on:
• participating in the 2008 NEPM minor variation
process
• implementing the outcomes of the 2007 NEPM
variation process, for example the reporting of
transfers of waste
• progressing and rolling out the online reporting
system for industry reporters
• improving data quality with revised emission
estimation technique manuals and new
calculation tools
• publishing the year nine (2006–07) facility data
and other information on the NPI web site
• hosting the inaugural NPI Conference in May 2008
• improving the NPI web site
• promoting the NPI to raise awareness of the
NPI program.
Strategic directions
Following the enactment of the National Greenhouse
and Energy Reporting Act 2007 in September 2007,
all existing greenhouse gas and energy reporting
requirements within the NPI ceased to have effect.
In order to remove these reporting obligations, a minor
variation of the NPI NEPM was initiated. A project
team comprising of representatives from the Australian
Government, Queensland and New South Wales was
formed. The team developed documentation outlining
the proposed changes and released it for public comment
in June 2008. A final decision on the variation to the
NPI NEPM will be made in 2008–09 at a future
meeting of environment ministers.
Implementing the changes from the major NPI NEPM
variation which was agreed to by all environment
ministers in June 2007, has taken place, in particular
with the introduction of industry reporting their
transfers of waste. The Australian Government has
developed guidance material to assist reporters to
determine their transfers. Industry will commence
collection of their data from 1 January 2008
(calendar year reporters) and 1 July 2008 (f inancial
year reporters). In accordance with the usual
jurisdictional procedures, the f irst year of transfers
data will be published on the NPI web site on
31 March 2010.
Other priorities for the Australian Government
included publishing facility data for the 2006–07
reporting year and progressing recommendations
from the 2005 NPI Review that relate to
operational issues.
During 2007–08, the Commonwealth focussed on
improvements to the systems and processes essential
to the NPI program. Changes included:
• development and roll out of the NPI online
reporting system to simplify the process by which
industry reports their emissions to the NPI, as
well as provide improved validation. This, in turn,
will feed into an enhanced jurisdictional database
system allowing for more effective auditing of
emissions data. The Australian Government ran
a series of training workshops across the country,
instructing over 100 reporters on the usability
of the new system
• reviewing and updating materials provided to
industry to help them estimate emissions from their
facilities. This work includes reviewing current
emission factors, revising emission estimation
technique manuals and developing calculation
tools to make it simpler for industry to estimate
their emissions
• redesigning the NPI web site to improve the
database search functionality.
Implementation
The Commonwealth is responsible for collecting
facility data from other Australian Government
agencies, and this year collected data from one
agency, the Department of Defence. Due to national
security provisions, emission reports were received
from Defence administrative facilities only. Other
government agencies reported to the jurisdiction
where the facility is located.
Strategic linkages are continuing with industry
associations to improve data quality and streamline
reporting. Consultancies were undertaken to update
the emission estimation technique (EET) manuals for
combustion in engines, combustion in boilers, railway
yard operations, fuel and organic liquid storage and
cement manufacturing. The NPI and the Aluminium
Council liaised to update the alumina refining emission
estimation technique manual and also liaised with the
Water Services Association of Australia to update the
potable water emission estimation technique manual.
Consultancies were also let to update the airports,
maritime operations, sewage and wastewater treatment
and municipal solid waste landfill emission estimation
technique manuals.
Other EET manuals that are in initial development
include mining (gold), and plastics and chemical
manufacture. The allied health sector is also expected
to become a signif icant reporter as a result of the
lowering of the mercury NPI reporting threshold.
Updated NPI reporting and industry guidance material
will result from these consultancies and reports.
Implementation Working Group
Meetings of the Implementation Working Group were
held in July and October 2007, and February and
June 2008.
The main issues discussed were:
• progress of the NPI NEPM variation and
associated funding
• provision and publication of data for the 2006–07
reporting year
• design and development of the new NPI online
reporting system and improvements to the NPI
web site
• review and revision of industry reporting materials
• communication activities including development
of a marketing strategy to raise awareness of the
NPI, NPI conference and production of a range
of promotional materials.
Emerging issues
There will be ongoing work to develop industry
guidance materials, database modifications and
industry training. The NPI online reporting system
will streamline reporting and reduce the compliance
burden on industry. NPI calendar year reporters
submitted their emission reports on the new system
in early 2008. Official online system reporting
training commenced in February 2008 and then
again in June 2008.
Facility emission reports
Facility emissions data for the 2006–07 reporting
year was published on 31 March 2008. The number
of facilities reporting increased to 3955 compared
to 3890 the previous year.
NPI database and website
Database
With the implementation of outcomes of the NPI
NEPM variation, there are now ninety-three reportable
substances on the NPI database.
Most of these substances are considered in diffuse
emissions to air in air shed studies. The boundaries
of NPI air sheds are selected by government agencies.
268
Cw
lth
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
NPI reporting facilities
1998
–99
500Nu
mb
er o
f fa
cili
ties
Reporting year
1500
3500
4500
2500
0
1000
2000
4000
3000
1099
–00
2000
–01
2001
–02
2002
–03
2003
–04
2004
–05
2005
–06
2006
–07
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
A total of thirty-three studies were completed by the
end of 2006–07, covering all capital cities and many
urban regions in Australia. The most recent airshed
study was that of the Greater Sydney, Newcastle and
Wollongong Regions within NSW. This airshed study
replaced the Sydney Newcastle Wollongong airshed.
The boundaries of water catchments are determined
by the drainage of interconnected river systems,
which sometimes cross state or territory borders. To
date, thirty-two catchment studies have been completed
for the main urban and rural areas in Australia.
Website
In 2007–08, the NPI web site had 591 644 new user
sessions compared to 562 391 new user sessions in the
previous year. This is an increase of 5% in 2007–08.
Amendment to the NPI web site is an ongoing task.
In 2007–08, work commenced to develop an
educational resource for students and teachers exploring
sources of pollution which will be published on the
NPI web site in 2008–09.
Industry reporting materials
In collaboration with industry and industry
associations and/or state and territory environment
agencies, changes have been made to the NPI industry
reporting materials including combustion in engines,
combustion in boilers, railway yard operations, fuel
and organic liquid storage, cement manufacturing,
alumina refining, potable water airports, maritime
operations, sewage and wastewater treatment and
municipal solid waste landfill.
Education programs
To raise the profile of the NPI, a two day conference
was held in May 2008. The conference brought
together a range of stakeholders to discuss a number
of themes around the NPI including enhance and
increase awareness of the program and to encourage
discussion on ways to improve and support informed
decision making processes at an environmental and
economic level.
To assist industry in using the new NPI online
reporting system, the Australian Government has held
training sessions with reporters across the country.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 269
Cw
lth–
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
Map of Australia showing the locations of NPI reporting facilities for 2006–07,
air sheds and water catchments
One of the main goals of the NPI is to encourage
facilities to use cleaner production techniques to
reduce substance emissions and decrease waste. The
NPI has been working collaboratively with industry
to develop new case studies on particular facilities
that have implemented cleaner production techniques
and installed pollution control equipment.
A range of promotional materials was produced to
promote the NPI to different users. These items were
distributed to reporters attending the training as well
as at the NPI Conference. NPI stakeholders also
received a copy of the 2006–07 summary report.
The NPI had a presence at the 14th International Union
of Air Pollution Prevention Associations (IUAPPA)
World Congress held in Brisbane from 9–13 September
2007 to raise awareness of the program.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Commonwealth continues to work cooperatively
with all jurisdictions to implement the NPI NEPM,
and improve the online inventory so that reporting
is easier for industry, data accuracy is upgraded
and its use is increased by the community, industry
and government.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8270
Cw
lth
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
• Widespread support from
industry, community advocates
and government for the NPI
• Web site needs some
improvement in terms of
usability and data presentation
to meet the needs of dual
audiences
• Industry guidance materials
need to be updated to ensure
that inappropriate and outdated
methodologies are removed
• Need for ongoing public
awareness programs to promote
use of the NPI to a wider
audience
• Inaugural NPI conference for
NPI stakeholders
• Distribution of promotional
materials at conferences and
training sessions
• Maintenance of the free call
phone line receiving more than
twelve calls a month, in
conjunction with a public email
inbox replying to about 200
emails annually
• Ongoing development of
educational resources and case
studies of industry emission
reduction activities
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
GOVERNMENT
• no desktop audits
• no on-site audits
• no regulatory actions
• Scoping study into the sources
of mercury in Australia, with
a focus on compact fluorescent
lamps
• Air Toxics Tier 2 prioritisation
methodology
• Inaugural NPI Conference held
in May 2008.
• Inclusion of NPI into the
Defence risk matrix and EMS.
• Provision of support and advice
to the South African
Government in the formation
of a bilateral climate change
agreement.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 271
Cw
lth–
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
INDUSTRY
• 3955 reports for 2006–07
• 3890 reports for 2005–06
• 215 new reporters
• no new sectors reporting
• no confidentiality claims
submitted
• Industry has been supportive
of the new online reporting
system.
• Industry representatives have
been supportive of improving
NPI reporting materials and
emission factors. The NPI has
developed positive working
interactions with these bodies.
• Development of the online
reporting system to streamline
reporting and improve data
quality. Subsequently, training
of NPI reporters across each
jurisdiction to utilise the NPI
online reporting system.
• Updated 8 industry manuals
• Responding to industry queries
for assistance with reporting
received in the public email
box or by phone.
• Regular liaison with industry
through visits to industrial
sites, and consultation with
industry reporters and industry
associations.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8272
NS
W –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for New South Wales
by the Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the
Environment for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NSW Department of Environment and Climate
Change (DECC) implements and enforces the NPI
under the provisions of the Protection of the
Environment Operations (General) Regulation 1998.
The regulation establishes reporting requirements
for industrial facilities in NSW and also prescribes
the offences for which penalty notices may be issued,
which include failure to lodge a report when due
and failure to keep and produce records.
Implementation activities
Overview
The NSW Government has a strong commitment
to the NPI as part of its strategy to ensure that the
community has access to environmental information.
NSW continued to focus on improving data quality
in order to improve the usefulness of the dataset and
participated in a range of other activities to raise
awareness of the NPI.
NSW delivered comprehensive updated diffuse
sources data for the Greater Metropolitan Region
(GMR) airshed. The study area covers 57 330 km2
and includes the greater Sydney, Newcastle and
Wollongong regions. The study commenced in 2004
and took three years to complete. The inventory
includes emissions from biogenic (i.e. natural) and
anthropogenic (i.e. human) derived sources. GMR air
emission inventory includes diffuse emissions from
seventy-three different NPI substances from 23 sources.
NSW delivered a series of information and training
sessions to industry that included a basic background
to the NPI; guidance on the new Online Reporting
System; and information regarding the introduction
of transfers reporting.
NSW continued to take an active role in the NPI
NEPM Variation process ensuring that all stakeholders
participated in the consultation process and the costs
and benefits to industry, government and the
community associated with the proposed changes
were identif ied and examined.
Strategic directions
New South Wales continued to focus on improving
the quality of facility reports and encouraging new
reporters by maintaining a high level of support
for industry. The Department of Environment and
Climate Change used NPI data to inform policy
and regulatory approaches and support cleaner
production activities.
New South Wales continued to provide support to
national processes. New South Wales reviewed all
updated industry manuals and actively contributed to
the refinement of the Online Reporting System. New
South Wales provided additional support in project
managing a review of the Chemical Industry manuals
and the update of the Maritime Operations manual.
Implementation
New South Wales provided signif icant staff resources
to manage and implement the facility reporting
elements of the NPI. Data accuracy has improved
with DECC verif ication procedures resulting in
querying the data of more than one hundred and f ifty
facilities and amendment of data from eighty facilities.
In December 2007, the NSW facility data was
delivered to the Commonwealth on time for release
on the NPI database in March 2008. Reminder
notices were sent to thirty facilities concerning late
submission of their reports. No facilities were issued
with Penalty Infringement Notices for failing to meet
reporting deadlines for the second consecutive year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 273
NS
W –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
The data for the update of the aggregated emissions
inventory for the Sydney–Newcastle–Wollongong
airshed was f inalised and has been released by the
Commonwealth. The updated dataset contains emissions
data from a wider range of diffuse sources which
will provide a far more comprehensive representation
of emissions in the greater metropolitan region.
NSW attended the National Pollutant Inventory
Conference 2008; 10 Years of NPI: Tracking
pollution across Australia. A DECC staff member
delivered a presentation on Air Emissions Inventory
of the GMR in NSW – the study which was used to
provide updated diffuse sources data to the NPI.
Implementation Working Group
New South Wales continues to actively participate
in the Implementation Working Group processes
with DECC officers attending IWG meetings and
teleconferences. Regular contact was maintained with
staff from NPI teams in other jurisdictions in order
to discuss technical, policy and administrative issues
and ensure consistency in implementation.
Emerging issues
National Pollutant Inventory reporting processes
are well-established in NSW and industry annually
provides robust emissions data. The variation to the
NPI NEPM, particularly the reporting of transfers,
will result in substantial changes to the reporting
requirements for industry and the administration
role for the DECC.
A signif icant concern for NSW will be the increased
workload for the DECC to provide industry with the
necessary level of support for them to understand the
new requirements to report transfers.
DECC officers continue to provide education and
support for the use of the new Online Reporting
System which should streamline reporting for
companies that report for multiple facilities and
reduce the data entry load for DECC.
Facility emission reports
• 769 NSW facilities reported, up from 757 in the
previous year
• 49 facilities reported for the f irst time
• each facility reported an average of 9.3 substances
• 81 of the 90 substances were reported against
• 390 facilities reported costs at an average of
$3,630, down from $3,730 per facility in the
previous year
• 476 reporting facilities hold environment protection
licences under NSW environmental legislation.
NPI database and website
New South Wales notes the continuing efforts of
the Commonwealth to improve the presentation of
information on the website. A major concern for
NSW is the limited presentation of aggregated water
emissions data, which means that website users are
unable to utilise the full range of data available.
Industry reporting materials
New South Wales continues to provide on-going
comments on NPI industry reporting material, such
as the review of emission estimation technique
manuals. New South Wales facilities are able to use
load calculation methodologies allowed under the
Load-Based Licensing Scheme to calculate emissions
for equivalent substances under the NPI. Some
facilities have received approval to use alternative
emission estimation techniques based on site-specif ic
data or engineering techniques.
New South Wales has project managed a review
of the three chemical industries manuals; Chemical
Product Manufacture; Inorganic Chemicals
Manufacturing; and Organic Chemical Processing to
determine whether these manuals should be updated.
New South Wales also project managed the update
of the Maritime Operations manual and provided
content for the Transfers Information Booklet.
Education programs
New South Wales continues to provide technical
advice and support, education and information about
other aspects of the NPI program including advice
on accessing the NPI database, the NSW regulatory
requirements and the purpose of the NPI to reporters,
industry researchers, local government and students.
Industry groups, local government and non-government
organisations are regularly informed of NPI progress
through DECC correspondence and briefings.
New South Wales delivered a series of information
and training sessions to industry that included a basic
background to the NPI; guidance on the new Online
Reporting System; and information regarding the
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8274
NS
W –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions on
database
• Academics and researchers are
using NPI data for modelling
and/or other studies.
• Some members of the public
are using the NPI database
to f ind out about emissions
in their area.
• Anecdotal evidence suggests
that the presentation of NPI
data needs to be reviewed and
presented in a more user
friendly means.
• Increased use of NPI data in
the media illustrates growing
awareness of the dataset.
INDUSTRY
• 769 reports for 2006–07
• 757 reports for 2005–06
• 49 new reporters
• No new sectors reporting
• 1 confidentiality claim
submitted and refused
• New reporters benefit from
extensive support provided
by NPI officers.
• Reporters are indicating that
NPI reporting is less onerous
as they have established
systems and processes to
complete their reports.
• Reporters are indicating that
NPI staff are informative and
approachable.
• Ongoing advice and assistance
is provided to industry.
• Information and Training
Sessions were attended by
approximately 150 reporters.
introduction of transfers reporting. Information
sessions were delivered at four regional centres
throughout NSW and nine training sessions were
held in Sydney which enabled attendees to gain hands
on experience with the new Online Reporting System.
The Sydney training sessions were delivered in
collaboration with the Commonwealth.
Implementation summary and evaluation
New South Wales efficient data-entry and verification
process resulted in the timely submission of the
2006–07 NPI industry data before the 31 December
deadline. There is good industry acceptance and
compliance with NPI reporting requirements in NSW.
The majority of reporters are demonstrating a better
understanding of reporting requirements and
submitting reports with improved accuracy. This year
thirty facilities received notif ication that their reports
did not meet the statutory timeframes for reporting.
No facilities received Penalty Infringement Notices
for failure to meet statutory timeframes for the
second consecutive year.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 275
NS
W –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
GOVERNMENT
• 769 desktop audits
• No on-site audits
• No penalty infringement
notices issued
• 30 notif ication letters sent for
failure to submit NPI report
by due date
• NPI emissions data was used
by government agencies to
inform their policy and
regulatory approaches.
• NPI emissions data assists
DECC in assessing impacts
of regulation by catchment,
airshed, industry sector and
substance.
• Internal presentations improve
the awareness of DECC staff
on the value of NPI data.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8276
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In the State of Victoria, EPA Victoria (EPA) under the
provisions of the Environment Protection Act 1970,
implements and enforces the National Environmental
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure
(NEPM) on behalf of the Victorian Government
through the Industrial Waste Management Policy
(National Pollutant Inventory) (IWMP NPI). The
NPI NEPM was gazetted in February 1998, while the
IWMP NPI came into operation upon publication
in the Victorian Government Gazette (No. S 107)
on 6 October 1998.
Following the 2005 program review, Victoria
together with other Australian jurisdictions agreed
to participate in a variation to the NPI NEPM. After
rigorous work by the project team and extensive
public consultation, the varied NEPM was published
in August 2007 and included the reporting of transfers
of NPI substances in waste to f inal destinations and
greenhouse gases, lowering the threshold for mercury
and adding acrolein, polychlorinated biphenyls and
fine particulate matter of 2.5 microns or smaller to
the current substance list.
Subsequent to the passing of The National Greenhouse
and Energy Reporting Act 2007, NEPC initiated in
April 2008 a minor NPI NEPM variation process to
revoke the reporting requirements from the NPI
related to greenhouse gas emissions.
Implementation activities
Overview
The Victorian Government has a strong commitment
to the NPI as a means of providing environmental
information to the community and prompting
industry to identify possible areas for environmental
improvement within their operations. This commitment
is reflected by the EPA actively participating in the
NEPM variation and in the NPI conference in May
2008; contributing to the further development of
industry reporting materials; assisting industry in
understanding NPI reporting methodologies and
recent program changes; and raising public awareness
about the NPI.
Strategic directions
In 2007–08, EPA Victoria focused on further
improving the quality of industry emissions data
on the public website, enthusiastically contributing
to the development by the federal Department of
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA)
of the new web-based reporting system and assisting
industry in adapting to the signif icant changes posed
by the varied NEPM and the new reporting system.
Implementation
In Victoria, NPI implementation was jointly funded
by the Federal and State Governments in accordance
with the Memorandum of Understanding signed in
September 2005 to cover the period of 1 July 2005
to 30 June 2009. The NPI team of three full-time staff
provided support to industry reporters and verif ied
emission data. An additional short-term officer was
employed during the peak report assessment period.
The interaction and cooperation between the NPI
team and other EPA staff contributed to industrial
facilities assessment and emissions trend analysis.
The Air Quality Study team continued enhancing
the aggregated air emission estimates for the Port
Phillip region.
EPA Victoria continued its efforts to expand the
number of industries participating in the NPI program.
Since the intensive agriculture sector was identif ied
as having a low participation rate, Victoria together
with other jurisdictions continued discussions with
state and national industry associations and directly
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for Victoria by the
Hon. Gavin Jennings MLC, Minister for Environment and Climate Change
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
Vic
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 277
Vic
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
with individual companies to develop alternative
reporting methods and to encourage new reporters.
To improve the existing industry information booklet
and the quality of emissions data, two officers from
DEWHA and EPA Victoria visited several poultry
farms in early 2008 and discussed with the farmers
the commonly used and emerging methods of manure
collection, storage and disposal.
In late 2007, EPA Victoria together with other
jurisdictions migrated to the Australian and New
Zealand Standard Industrial Classif ication (ANZSIC)
2006 codes. The new, more contemporary industrial
classif ication structure replaced the existing
classif ication, ANZSIC 1993, in both the integrated
EPA’s database and on the NPI website.
In the second half of 2007, the National Reporting
Tool (NRT) remained the only method of reporting
electronically and was deployed in seven out of eight
jurisdictions. EPA Victoria continued managing the
electronic NRT data transactions from reporting
facilities to the appropriate participating State and
Territory agencies. The number of reports received
electronically by participating states and territories
dropped from 2068 for 2006–07 to 1989 for 2007–08,
and the percentage contribution of electronic reports
dropped to 62% of all reports in these jurisdictions.
The apparent decline in the NRT usage across
Australia was predominantly caused by the companies’
restrictions on the installation and use of third party
software and the threat of computer viruses. Due to
an increase in the number and severity of computer
viruses being circulated via email over the last years,
companies placed heavier restrictions on their
incoming email traff ic, which led to an increase of
email messages with NRT attachments being rejected.
An ever-increasing number of reporters expressed the
need for a nationally consistent web-based reporting
application.
Having managed the electronic NPI data transactions
in several jurisdictions and developed an on-line
reporting system for prescribed industrial waste
tracking, EPA Victoria confidently contributed to the
building of a new web-based reporting system by the
Federal Government department. The new electronic
reporting system is expected to eventually simplify
the NPI reporting and evaluation processes and result
in the enhanced emission data quality.
Implementation Working Group
In 2007–08, EPA Victoria keenly participated in the
activities of the national Implementation Working
Group (IWG) such as attending the IWG meetings
and the NPI conference in Canberra, taking part in
the teleconferences, proposing improvements to the
design of the web-based reporting system, sharing
technical information and contributing to the further
development of industry reporting publications.
Following the NPI NEPM variation in August 2007,
special attention was given by the IWG members
to the development of a booklet investigating and
discussing waste transfer reporting requirements.
Emerging issues
The NEPM, as varied in August 2007, requires
reporting of acrolein and particulate matter
(2.5 microns or smaller) from September 2008, and
of polychlorinated biphenyls from September 2009,
by companies that exceed the applicable reporting
thresholds. The threshold for mercury and compounds
for 2007–08 has been lowered to 5kg/yr.
The 2007 NEPM requires reporting of transfers of
NPI substances in waste to f inal destinations, namely,
for containment or destruction, by companies
triggering the applicable substance usage thresholds
during 2007–08. The federal DEWHA allocated an
additional $37 000 for the initial implementation
of waste transfer reporting by EPA Victoria.
While the web-based reporting system has been used
by industry reporters and the NPI officers for several
months, a signif icant contribution from the NPI team
will be required to ensure that this reporting system
fully satisf ies the requirements of Victorian reporters,
is compatible with EPA Victoria’s integrated database
systems, thus improving reporting eff iciency for both
industry and governments.
Facility emission reports
A total of 794 Victorian reports were forwarded to
DEWHA for the reporting period of 2007–08, up
from 780 for 2006–07. All Victorian NPI reports
were individually assessed, and where omissions,
inconsistencies and errors were identif ied, these were
investigated and corrected by (or in consultation
with) reporters. In Victoria, there were 33 industrial
facilities submitting their NPI report for the f irst
time in 2007–08. At the same time, some industrial
facilities that reported in previous years dropped
from the reporting list because they either did not
trigger the reporting threshold in 2007–08, were
closed down, or failed to report in time. Reminder
letters were sent to all companies that did not submit
their reports in time.
Due to recent migration of the NPI database to the
new, more contemporary ANZSIC 2006 codes,
comparison with the previous years is not straight-
forward. Some industrial facilities are now classif ied
slightly differently, as there are now more industrial
categories than previously. The NPI reporters for
2007–08 represented twenty-nine industry sectors
under the new ANZSIC 2006, in comparison with
twenty-three industry sectors for 2006–07. There was
a more even spread between various industry sectors
from intensive agriculture and mining to food and
chemical product manufacturing, thus creating a more
accurate emissions profile for Victoria. The chemical
manufacturing and food processing industry contributed,
respectively, 121 and 126 reports, replacing basic
material wholesaling (i.e. major oil companies’ fuel
depots) as the largest reporting industry in the initial
years of the NPI (or in early 2000s).
After plummeting from forty in 2005–06, the number
of reports from poultry farmers remained at twenty-
five for the second year. At the same time, the
number of reports from pig farmers almost doubled
from thirteen for 2006–07 to twenty-five for
2007–08. Taking into consideration the severe
drought affecting Victorian farming communities,
the NPI team abstained from putting any additional
pressure on farmers even if they failed to submit
their NPI reports for 2007–08.
The number of NRT reports in Victoria decreased
from 593 for 2006–07 to 567 for 2007–08 and the
NRT percentage contribution dropped from 76 to
71% of all Victorian industry submissions. Similarly
to the national situation, the decrease in the NRT
uptake in Victoria was attributed to the companies’
restrictions on the third party software and the threat
of computer viruses, mistakenly associated with the
NRT files distributed through email messages.
The web-based reporting system developed by the
Federal Government department was used for the first
time in early 2008 by Victorian companies reporting
for the 2007 calendar year. While using the web-
based reporting system, companies had the advantage
of using a variety of new Excel calculation tools.
The 321 industrial facilities (out of 794) voluntarily
reported the internal and/or external costs of
preparing their NPI submission for 2007–08. Based
on the 40% response rate, the median cost of reporting
was $900, while the average cost was $2967. In
comparison, the median and average reporting cost
on the shorter, thirty-six substance list for the f irst
NPI reporting year of 1998–99 was $100 and $3480,
respectively.
NPI database and website
Through the use of the NRT and established rules
and procedures, EPA Victoria continued to contribute
to the improvement in the quality of the information
posted on the NPI website in March 2008.
The EPA values the ongoing effort by the Department
of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts to
improve the data presentation on the NPI website,
to develop the new web-based reporting system and
to enhance the facility data validation tools. At the
same time, the capability of the public database for
aggregated emissions data remains limited. While the
NPI database keeps multiple datasets of industry data
(i.e. one for each reporting year), it has just one
dataset of aggregated air emissions from domestic,
commercial and transport sources. As a result, the
comparison between the emission contribution from
industry and aggregated sources for the same
reporting year is not possible, thus making it diff icult
to investigate the trends in emissions from year to year
and to quantify any possible changes in air quality.
Industry reporting materials
Attempting to improve the poultry manual, the
officers from the state and federal departments
visited several Victorian poultry farms in early 2008
and discussed with the farmers the commonly used
and emerging methods of manure collection, storage
and disposal.
The EPA Victoria provided comments on several
other emission estimation technique manuals updated
and published in the f irst half of 2008. This is an
ongoing process and there are still a number of
emission estimation technique manuals that require
review to improve their quality and usefulness for
Victorian reporters.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8278
Vic
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
Furthermore, EPA contributed to the preparation of
the industry booklet investigating and discussing the
waste transfer reporting requirements.
Education programs
In August 2007, six industry training sessions were
conducted; two in Melbourne and one in Bendigo,
Geelong, Traralgon and Wangaratta. The training
session in Dandenong was cancelled due to a lack
of interest. These training sessions covered the NPI
reporting requirements and estimation techniques,
the NEPM variation changes and the web-based
reporting system that was being developed.
Two additional training sessions were organised in
Melbourne in February 2008 for the calendar year
reporters intending to use the newly developed web-
based system. Overall, 115 people attended Victorian
training sessions. The general feedback on the
training sessions was positive and industry reporters
found them to be valuable.
Implementation summary and evaluation
In 2007–08, NPI implementation activities in Victoria
focused on further improving the quality of emissions
data on the public website. EPA staff effort resulted
in the assessment and smooth electronic submission
process of 780 industry reports to the Commonwealth,
in the agreed format and before the due date of 30
November 2007.
The number of Victorian NPI reports submitted to the
Commonwealth increased for the 2007–08 reporting
period, as awareness of the NPI reporting requirements
grew and NPI reporting gradually became an integral
part of industry operations.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 279
Vic
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
INDUSTRY
• 794 reports for 2007–08
• 780 reports for 2006–07
• 33 new reporters
• new sectors reporting (NA,
due to ANZSIC changes)
• No confidentiality claims
submitted
• 794 Victorian reports received
for 2007–08, an increase of
2% in comparison with the
previous year;
• 567 Victorian facilities
submitted NRT reports for
2007–08;
• 1422 interstate NRT reports
forwarded to the appropriate
states/territories for 2007–08;
• 57 Victorian facilities
submitted reports for 2007–08
via the newly-developed
web-based system;
• EPA held eight industry
workshops, providing general
NPI information and detailed
demonstration of the NRT and
web-based reporting system.
• Continuous helpdesk support
was provided to reporting
companies.
• Positive feedback from
environmental scientists,
university students and EPA
staff using the NPI website;
• The NPI website becoming an
important resource for the
insurance and f inancial sector;
• EPA developed an active media
strategy to provide some
guidance on correctly interpreting
NPI emission data and to raise
public awareness.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8280
Vic
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
GOVERNMENT
• 794 desktop assessments
• 4 onsite audits
• 4 onsite visits
• No regulatory actions
• NPI emissions data was
used in the review of the
Environment Protection
(Scheduled Premises and
Exemptions) Regulations.
• NPI data was utilised by EPA’s
operations staff for their
industrial facility assessments.
• The NPI team analysed
emission data to assist EPA’s
Operations staff in their work
prioritisation.
• The NPI team prepared a report
on emission data in EPA regions.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 281
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In Queensland, the National Pollutant Inventory
NEPM (NPI NEPM) is implemented under the
Environmental Protection Act 1994. Changes were
made to the Environmental Protection Regulation
1998 (EP Regulation) in September 1999, to include
a new section for statutory implementation of the
NPI. The EP Regulation provides for penalties of
up to $1500 for non-compliance with a reporting
requirement and/or naming of the non-compliant
party in the NEPC annual report. The EP Regulation
is currently being remade, with expected commencement
on 1 January 2009, and will include changes which
reflect the NEPM variation (the reporting of
transfers, some substance and threshold changes,
and administrative changes).
Implementation activities
Overview
Implementation of the NPI NEPM is carried out by
the Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental
Reporting Unit (ERU), in accordance with the current
Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the
Commonwealth Government. The Industry Reporting
Team is a sub-group of the ERU, which employed the
equivalent of f ive full-time staff during the period
to implement the NPI NEPM.
Delivering a high level of support to reporting
facilities and improving the coverage of reporting is
an important component of Queensland’s implementation
activities. The focus in 2007–08 was on improving
reporting from industry sectors through:
• collaborative improvements to industry reporting
materials and emission estimation techniques
• enhancing reporting mechanisms
• provision of ‘hands-on’ training, workshops
and conferences
• communication with, and the involvement of,
industry associations
• visits to facilities to discuss and ‘ground-truth’
the NPI reports.
Improvements to facility reporting were complemented
by increased activity in the collection and calculation
of annual emission amounts from mobile, domestic,
sub-threshold facilities and other sources.
Strategic directions
The main focus of NPI NEPM implementation
in Queensland is maintaining and improving the
coverage and quality of industry reporting and
increasing the coverage and quality of emissions
data from other sources.
Implementation
Under the current MOU, both Queensland and the
Commonwealth each contribute $150 000 per year
to jointly fund the NPI implementation program
in Queensland. Implementation is carried out in
accordance with the agreed elements of the MOU
and the requirements of the EP Regulation. An
additional $37 500 was provided this year by the
Commonwealth to implement the NPI NEPM
Variation in Queensland. The Industry Reporting
Team, with support from other members of the ERU,
implemented the NPI NEPM with a view to closer
integration with environmental performance
reporting activities such as State of the Environment
and Waste and Recycling reporting. Implementation
also focussed on supporting environmental licensing,
compliance and air quality investigations. The
synergies of the programs result in more effective
and eff icient implementation.
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for Queensland by the
Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change
and Innovation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8282
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
The main implementation activities were the following:
1. Providing support and training for industry
reporters:
• online Reporting System (ORS) training
sessions were held in Brisbane in February
2008 and were attended by reporters representing
thirty facilities (mostly calendar year reporters).
This training covered how to report using the
ORS, and the NPI NEPM variation with a focus
on reporting of transfers
• telephone and e-mail support was provided
(and accessed by most reporters) to address
technical queries and reporting issues
• individual site visits were made to eleven
facilities. These visits included checking
information submitted in the 2006–07 reports,
tours of sites, discussion regarding the NPI
NEPM Variation, and submission of the
2007–08 reports
• in February 2008, the inaugural meeting of the
NPI Industry Liaison Group (ILG) was held
in Brisbane attended by twenty-four people
covering eleven industry associations or
representative bodies. Information and discussions
covered topics such as NPI reporting, NPI NEPM
variation, and communication issues. These
meetings are to be held every twelve months.
2. Data receipt, processing, checking and submission
Queensland received 1029 NPI reports for
2006–07. All facility reports were processed in
accordance with data verif ication procedures.
These procedures include checks to ensure that
the emissions are commensurate with the size
of the facility, the amount of fuel burned and the
types of emissions expected from the particular
type of facility. More than 700 facilities were
contacted for further information as part of the
verif ication process. See ‘facility emissions
reports’ for further detail.
3. Promoting the NPI data to the community
The Queensland EPA developed a Queensland
Pollutant Emissions Report Card 2008. The report
card presents information about trends in the
amounts of pollutant emissions from large industrial
facilities in Queensland using data submitted to
the NPI annually. The report card will become
an annual publication.
The Queensland EPA has also developed a NPI
video which provides a snapshot of the NPI and
its purpose. This has been incorporated as a
feature in the EPA’s environmental information
kiosk used for conferences, displays and other
community events.
The Clean and Healthy Air for Gladstone Project
(CHAG) is a two year project, coordinated by the
Queensland EPA and Queensland Health, which
was established to gain a better understanding of
air pollution in the Gladstone area and to identify
any potential associated risks to public health.
Community engagement is a critically important
aspect of the CHAG project. The study will use
aggregated emissions data (AED—annual emission
amounts from mobile, domestic, sub-threshold
facility and other sources, sometimes called diffuse
emissions data) collected by the Queensland EPA
and also relies heavily on data submitted by
industries in Gladstone to the NPI.
4. Aggregated emissions estimations
There was increased activity in the collection
and calculation of AED. Air AED includes annual
emission amounts from mobile, domestic, sub-
threshold facilities and other sources. Water AED
includes annual emission amounts from land-use
activities (e.g. agriculture and urban development)
and sub-threshold sources.
Additional work on diffuse emissions to air
mainly concentrated on utilising the NPI
methodology for the estimation of aggregated
emissions from the Gladstone area. A number of
diffuse sources were estimated and amalgamated
as part of the CHAG project (see above). This data
will be collated and sent to the Commonwealth
for publication in 2008–09.
Diffuse sources emissions of nutrients from the
Burnett-Mary water catchment were calculated.
This information was submitted to the
Commonwealth for incorporation into the NPI
database in 2008–09.
5. Investigation into improving the guidance materials
The Queensland EPA worked with an external
consultant to develop a local government reporting
package. The work will result in improved quality
and consistency of reporting for waste disposal
services and sewage and water treatment processes.
The reporting materials for these industries were
also updated and will be incorporated into the
reporting package and distributed in 2008–09.
6. Ensuring national consistency in implementation
Queensland actively participated in the
Implementation Working Group (IWG) for the
NPI to ensure a nationally consistent approach
“to implementation. Further details are
outlined below.
Implementation Working Group
Representatives from the Queensland EPA were
actively involved in IWG activities and email
discussions during the reporting period. The IWG
held four face-to-face meetings (Canberra—July 2007,
Hobart—October 2007, Brisbane—February 2008
and Melbourne—June 2008). Queensland contributed
strongly on the following topics:
• development of performance indicators for NPI
implementation
• review of industry reporting materials
• implementation of communication activities
• development of electronic emissions estimation tools
• undertaking of compliance activities—including
naming of late reporters
• preparation of NPI facility audits
• compilation of a Queensland NPI facility data
summary
• production of Local Government Reporting
Packages
• a proposed NPI NEPM Variation.
The twelfth meeting of the OECD Task Force on
Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs)
occurred from 12–14 March 2008 in Paris, France.
The national nature of the NPI program was
emphasised with a delegate from the Queensland
EPA accompanying the Commonwealth Government
delegate. This was the f irst time that a State or
Territory representative had participated in the
Australian delegation. Valuable information and
strategies for enhanced NPI implementation and
data presentation were obtained.
The f irst NPI Conference was held in Canberra in
May 2008, which included six presentations by
Queensland EPA staff. The conference was attended
by over 150 delegates including a wide range of
industry, government and community representatives.
Emerging issues
1. Facility data quality
Data quality is increasingly becoming an issue.
Reporting numbers and the complexity of reports
are growing, as is the interest shown in the NPI
by the media and the community. Initiatives such
as the online reporting tool and associated
electronic emission estimation tools will simplify
the reporting process for facilities and provide
assistance for the facilities to robustly estimate
their emissions and submit reports. These tools
will also reduce the time that the EPA spends
verifying submitted data and identify gross errors.
Increasingly, however, it is becoming apparent
that there is a need for greater scrutiny of data
to ensure that facilities are diligent in fulf illing
their reporting requirements.
2. Waste transfers
The 2008–09 reporting period introduces waste
transfer reporting (see varied NPI NEPM for
further details <www.ephc.gov.au/pdf/npi/npi_
draft_nepm_variation_06_06.pdf>) for facilities
triggering the appropriate thresholds. A small
amount of additional funding from the Common-
wealth was made available for implementing
changes resulting from the variation of the NPI
NEPM. This has allowed for the preparation of
industry training which will be conducted in
several locations around Queensland in early
2008–09. Additional resources will be needed
for effective implementation of waste transfers
reporting, particularly to support the anticipated
increased demand for technical support by
industry reporters.
3. Aggregated emissions data (AED)
In Queensland, coverage of AED is restricted due
to resource limitations and priority being given
to facilities reporting. For emissions to air, the
only coverage is for South East Queensland and
for emissions to water, only the Dawson, the
Johnstone and South East Queensland catchments
are covered. Data for the Burnett-Mary system
was submitted to the Commonwealth in 2007–08
but is yet to be published. Data is currently being
prepared for the Gladstone air shed and for some
additional reef catchments (for submission to the
Commonwealth in 2008–09). Lack of coverage
and currency of AED, particularly for major
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 283
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8284
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
emission sources such as motor vehicles, is
increasingly affecting the usability and credibility
of the NPI as a pollutant data source.
Facility emission reports
Queensland received 1029 NPI reports for 2006–07,
an increase of approximately 0.5% from 2005–06
(1025 NPI reports). Reports from Queensland
accounted for 26% of all reports submitted to the NPI
(nationally 3955 reports were received for 2006–07).
Of the 1029 facilities reporting:
• 535 facilities (52%) submitted their reports
electronically via the National Reporting Tool
• 261 facilities (25%) reported using a simplif ied
industry-specif ic reporting form
• 233 facilities (23%) reported using either the
official paper reporting form or their own version
of the official form.
For 2006–07, forty-three new facilities reported;
however, a number of facilities that reported in
2005–06 did not report in 2006–07 due to facility
closure or falling below reporting thresholds.
Reporting facilities can voluntarily report the cost
of compiling and submitting their NPI Report. This
year, 265 facilities out of 1029 reported their costs—
the average being approximately $3675; up from
$3285 the previous year. However, the majority of
facilities (approximately 80%) either reported costs
of $200 or less or did not report their costs. Due
to the small numbers of facilities reporting NPI-
associated costs, it is diff icult to establish reasons
for increases or decreases. Anecdotal evidence
suggests that most of the facilities who do not report
their costs actually have negligible costs which can
be assumed to be in the category of $200 or less.
Under this assumption, the average cost per facility
is approximately $880, with a median of $200 or less.
Non-compliance with reporting requirements
In accordance with clause 25 of the NPI NEPM and
clause 38T of the Environmental Protection Regulation
1998, ninety facilities that either did not report or
reported late were asked to provide reasons for their
non-compliance. All but f ive of these facilities
responded by outlining reasons which were deemed
to be reasonable by the Queensland EPA. The remaining
five facilities were served with a formal ‘show cause’
notice, advising them that it was proposed that they
would be named in this report as a person who has
failed to comply with NPI reporting requirements
and giving them the opportunity to show cause why
this action should not be taken. These facilities
consequently outlined mitigating circumstances and
have acknowledged the requirement for reporting
to the NPI. Therefore, no Queensland facilities are
named in this report. This outcome demonstrates the
effectiveness of the naming process as a compliance
tool for the NPI. It is anticipated that the Queensland
EPA will continue to use the naming process and
penalties imposed by a magistrate, if required, in future
years to ensure NPI reporting requirements are met.
NPI database and website
The NPI website (<www.npi.gov.au>) is used as a
major reference for reporter queries. Reporters are
referred to the website to obtain reporting information
and to download manuals and other reporting aids.
This service makes it possible for the Queensland
EPA to provide effective telephone and email support
to remote reporters. Ongoing improvements to the
website by DEWHA will further enhance the services
provided to industry and the community by the NPI.
The Queensland EPA has provided input and
encouragement to DEWHA in the development
of a NPI Kids’ Website. Testing of the concept by
DEWHA occurred at a Queensland State School.
The Queensland EPA views the development and
presentation of aggregated emissions data (AED) as
an important component of an emissions inventory.
The EPA has placed an increased focus on the
collection of AED. Estimates of emissions for a
number of aggregated sources in the Gladstone air
shed have been made in preparation for submitting
comprehensive AED to the Commonwealth for this
air shed. This data has also contributed to the CHAG
project mentioned in ‘Promoting the NPI data to the
community’ (implementation activity 3). Providing
AED allows NPI stakeholders to compare facility and
non-facility emissions. This adds depth to the overall
understanding of pollutant emissions. While effort
has been put into developing AED, the majority of
NPI resources in Queensland are focussed on facility-
based reporting.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 285
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
Industry reporting materials
The Queensland EPA has been actively managing the
change in focus, from ‘Industry Handbooks’ under
the previous version of the NPI NEPM, to broader
and more useful industry reporting materials under
the current NPI NEPM (following the June 2007
variation). The NPI industry reporting materials
are considered high quality compared with similar
emissions inventory programs internationally and
set the standard worldwide for industry specif ic
guidance materials. Continual improvement through
review and amendment ensures that Queensland
industry has the most up-to-date emissions estimation
techniques available. The Queensland EPA worked
with the DEWHA during the reporting period to
identify and prioritise industry reporting materials
that require updating. In particular, the Queensland
EPA worked collaboratively with DEWHA to ensure
that new and improved industry reporting materials
were developed for sewage and wastewater treatment,
municipal solid waste landfills, maritime operations
and airports.
Education programs
The fourteenth World Clean Air and Environment
Congress was hosted in Brisbane in September 2007
by the International Union of Air Pollution Prevention
and Environmental Protection Associations (IUAPPA).
An information stand for the NPI was established
by DEWHA and the Queensland EPA. This provided
information about the NPI to the 440 delegates from
twenty-nine countries who attended the congress.
In particular, delegates from countries considering
(or in the process of) establishing their own PRTR,
expressed interest in the NPI program.
In May 2007, the Queensland EPA presented the NPI
information at a stand at the two–day Eco Expo at
Beaudesert. On Day 1, ‘Student Day’, which focussed
on school children and the NPI promotional materials –
the frisbees proved popular. Day 2, ‘Community Day’,
was also popular with many adults asking questions
about the NPI and taking home information in the
NPI ‘blue’ re-useable shopping bags.
An industry reporter education session held in
Brisbane was attended by over forty people representing
state-wide reporting facilities.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Queensland implementation activities focused on
compliance with reporting requirements outlined in
the NPI NEPM. Activities were broadly driven by
the collection, verif ication and communication of
point (facility) and non-point (AED) source data. For
2006–07, Queensland collected, verified and submitted
1029 facility reports and collated and submitted
aggregated source data for the Burnett-Mary water
catchment. The Queensland EPA completed this work
and submitted the validated facility reports to the
Commonwealth Government within the statutory
timeframes. As discussed under the ‘NPI database
and website’ section, AED is a critical component
of a successful emissions inventory.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8286
Qld
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
• Production of summary
reports is important for the
promotion of the NPI to the
public and other stakeholders
• Members of the public are
using the database to f ind out
about emissions in their area
• Public information sessions
held in Brisbane
• Media interest is continuing
to increase
• Survey results show that a lack
of publicity is a major reason
for the public not accessing the
website
INDUSTRY
• 1029 reports for 2006–07
• 1025 reports for 2005–06
• 43 new reporters
• no confidentiality claims
submitted
• Industry report satisfaction
with the level of support
provided
• There is a high level of use
of electronic calculation tools,
with satisfaction expressed
by the users and a demand
for greater coverage of these
tools. A positive response has
been received from industry
regarding development of
new tools
• On-line reporting training was
held in Brisbane covering 30
facilities (mainly calendar year
reporters)
• Phone, e-mail and on-site
support was provided to industry
reporters to assist them meet
their reporting requirements
GOVERNMENT
• 1029 desktop audits
• 11 on-site audits
• 90 regulatory actions under
the ‘naming process’. All 90
provided mitigating
circumstances and subsequently
no Queensland facilities are
named in this report.
• Area-specific summary reports
developed, circulated and
discussed with EPA District
Managers. These reports were
used to demonstrate the
usefulness of NPI reporting as
part of regional environmental
management strategies
• NPI emissions data was used
in risk profiling of environ-
mentally relevant activities for
development of a new licensing
regime under the Environmental
Protection Regulation (which
is currently being re-made)
• Air quality monitoring and
modelling staff members are
using NPI data as an input into
regional air quality modelling
• Incorporation of NPI data into
the EPA spatial information
systems allows it to be combined
with other information resulting
in greater accessibility by
licensing and planning officers
• Publication of the QLD
Pollutant Emissions Report
Card demonstrates ‘at a glance’
the pattern of industrial
pollutant emissions
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 287
WA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for Western Australia
by the Hon. Donna Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In Western Australia, the NPI is implemented by the
Environmental Protection (NPI NEPM) Regulations
1998, under the Environmental Protection Act 1986.
For the reporting year ending 30 June 2007 (for which
data was managed in 2007–08), the Department of
Environment and Conservation (DEC) had
responsibility for implementation of the NPI NEPM.
Implementation activities
Overview
Implementation of the NPI NEPM in WA during
2007–08 was carried out by DEC National Pollutant
Inventory Section, in accordance with the Memorandum
of Understanding (MOU) with the Commonwealth.
Priority activities included:
• processing emissions data from 681 WA facilities
for the ninth NPI reporting year and providing
these to the Commonwealth for publication on
the Internet
• conducting an industry training session in Bunbury
• continuing project management of a contract to
update the Perth airshed emissions study
• representation on the NPI NEPM Variation Project
Team, the Jurisdictional Reference Network (JRN)
and the Online Reporting System Design Team
• project management of Swan Canning and Peel-
Harvey catchment studies to estimate aggregated
emissions of nutrients in the catchments.
Strategic directions
The main focus of the National Pollutant Inventory
Section in 2007–08, in line with the NPI NEPM and
MOU, was on delivering facility emissions data for the
ninth reporting year (2006–07) according to NEPM
key dates and MOU priorities.
Priority areas in 2007–08 included:
• continuing to ensure that WA industry facilities
are well informed about NPI processes and their
obligations to report estimated emissions
• ensuring that data from industry facilities covered
agreed reporting parameters for upload to the
Internet
• streamlining data processing for facility reports
• provision of input to the NPI NEPM variation
process
• introduction of NPI NEPM variation changes in WA
• implementation of the new Online Reporting System.
Future priorities include:
• smooth introduction of reporting of transfers of
NPI substances in waste
• integrating NPI with other corporate systems
(licensing, audit) and strategies (community
awareness, cleaner production, and sustainability).
Implementation
A three year MOU between the Commonwealth
and WA covers the period July 2006 to June 2009.
Under the MOU, both the Commonwealth and WA
committed to jointly funding the NPI program,
with each contributing $150 000 per year.
The National Pollutant Inventory Section included
3.0 full time equivalent staff in 2007–08. Staff
turnover impacted on implementation activities
in the latter half of 2007–08.
Implementation Working Group
Western Australia participated in the activities of the
Implementation Working Group (IWG), providing
input to many technical issues and suggesting
improvements to information available to reporters
on the NPI website. During 2007–08 the IWG met in
Canberra, Hobart, Brisbane and Melbourne. Regular
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8288
WA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
contact was maintained with NPI staff in other
jurisdictions throughout the year to discuss NPI
NEPM policy, technical and administrative issues.
Emerging issues
With the introduction of transfers reporting to begin
in 2008–09 a detailed guide has been published
on the NPI website with other reporting materials.
Industry reporters may require increased guidance
during the phase-in stage and some unforeseen
reporting diff iculties may be identif ied.
Facility emission reports
A total of 681 emission estimation reports from WA
reporting facilities were submitted for the ninth NPI
reporting year (2006–07) for public display on the
NPI internet site. Facility reports were assessed for
compliance with mandatory data requirements and
for data integrity to identify any signif icant emission
anomalies. Between 30 September 2007 and 31 March
2008, all reporters were contacted for confirmation
and follow-up (if necessary) on technical and
administrative issues.
Potential 2007–08 reporting facilities were identif ied
and contacted by e-mail in December 2007 (calendar
year reporters) and June 2008 (financial year reporters)
to inform them of their reporting obligations.
A large number of ‘national’ reporters (companies
with facilities in more than one jurisdiction) and
some local reporters elected to report to the NPI on
a calendar year basis, with reports for calendar year
2007 due by 31 March 2008. The National Pollutant
Inventory Section received and processed 113 of
these reports by 30 June 2008 through the new
Online Reporting System.
Under an MOU between EPA Victoria and DEC,
EPA Victoria maintained registration details of WA
National Reporting Tool (NRT) reporters in a central
data warehouse up until the end of 2007. This service
was discontinued following the introduction of the
new Online Reporting System.
The f ibreglass and foundry industries were selected
for enhanced follow-up in January 2008. Letters were
sent to identif ied facilities informing them of the NPI
and their potential emission reporting obligations.
NPI database and website
WA notes the continuing efforts by the Commonwealth
in 2007–08 to improve the presentation of information
on the NPI website. The new Online Reporting
System went ‘live’ in February 2008 and coincided
with three training sessions conducted in Perth by
the Commonwealth for calendar year reporters.
The National Pollutant Inventory Section was also
represented at each training session.
Industry reporting materials
Eighty-two industry handbooks have been published.
In WA, industries directly associated with f ifty of
the handbooks reported to the NPI (not all industry
sectors have facilities in WA).
Education programs
Western Australia conducted one industry training
workshop for NPI reporting, covering the application
of the NPI Guide and reporting materials to facilities,
as well as electronic reporting of data. Updated
reporting instructions were provided to the WA
industry and consultant client base in December 2007
and June 2008.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NPI program in WA in 2007–08 focussed on the
agreed elements of the MOU, as well as administering
the NPI NEPM and WA NPI regulations.
The number of facility reports submitted to the
Commonwealth increased from 645 in Year 8 to 681
in Year 9 (2006–07). The National Pollutant Inventory
Section, in conjunction with other jurisdictions,
continued to improve the processing and assessment
of reported information.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 289
WA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
INDUSTRY
• 681 reports for 2006–07
• 645 reports for 2005–06
• 61 new reporters
• No new sectors reporting
• No confidentiality claims
submitted
• Diminishing response to
industry workshops and fewer
queries from industry and
consultants indicates growing
familiarity with NPI reporting.
• Industry and consultants are
successfully using the NPI
database to compare their
performance between years
and with others in the same
industry.
• A large number of calendar
reporters successfully used the
new Online Reporting System
to submit reports for 2007–08
to the NPI Section.
• One industry workshop was
conducted in Bunbury.
• Updated reporting instructions
were distributed to all reporters.
• Comprehensive feedback on
reports was provided to reporters.
• NPI–NEPM Variation Project
Team, Jurisdictional Reference
Network and Online Reporting
System Design Team
representation.
GOVERNMENT
• 702 desktop audits
• 1 on-site audit
• 16 late reports compared to
more than 100 the previous
year
• No action necessary against
late reporters
• Full validation checks carried
out as part of report processing,
including checks on sub-
threshold reports received, are
considered to be desktop audits.
• NPI data is being used to
prepare information on air
quality for the Collie region.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8290
SA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In South Australia, the National Environment Protection
(National Pollutant Inventory) Measure (NEPM)
came into operation as an environment protection
policy under the repealed Section 28A of the
Environment Protection Act 1993. The Environment
Protection Authority (EPA) implemented the NPI
under the Environment Protection Act 1993 (SA)
until 30 March 2008, however strict penalties were
not in place for failure to comply with the policy.
With the variation of the NEPM, work was conducted
to make an environment protection policy to reflect
the NEPM variation and mandatory provisions. The
Environment Protection (National Pollutant Inventory)
Policy 2008 (NPI EPP) was gazetted on 21 February
2008 and came into effect on 31 March 2008. The
NPI EPP provides clarity in the enforcement options
available for non-reporting: naming the offending
company in the NEPC annual report, an expiation
fee of $300 and a maximum fine of $4000.
Implementation activities
Overview
• the 2007–08 financial year is the tenth year
of NPI implementation
• the number of reports submitted from South
Australia was similar to last year with 403 reports
being submitted to the website for the 2006–07
reporting period compared with 394 reports for
the 2005–06 reporting period
• the primary strategic direction for South Australia
in 2007–08 was to improve the accuracy of the NPI
database through contacting new reporters and
through the implementation of a Quality Systems
approach for validation procedures
• South Australia has supported the development
of an online reporting system, has assisted in
testing the quality assurance system and has been
proactive in encouraging reporters to register to
use the system
• a newsletter for 2008 was released on the EPA
website and sent to reporters via email
• three NPI officers from South Australia attended
the national NPI conference in May 2008. South
Australia presented two sessions on risk assessment
and aggregate emission data and moderated
several sessions
• updated aggregate water emission data was
submitted to the Commonwealth for publication
on the public website
• the NPI steering committee which includes key
managers from the EPA met on a quarterly basis
• the NPI team provided data for the new EPA
licensing fee system (LFS), which includes a
resource eff iciency fee component based on
emissions of key NPI pollutants.
Strategic directions
In 2007–08, South Australia concentrated on the
following priority areas:
• providing high quality facility emission data, in
accordance with the requirements of the NEPM
and the MOU
• identifying and recruiting new reporters
• providing support to new and existing reporters
• ensuring a desktop audit was completed on all
facility reports
• submitting validated reports to the Australian
Government by 31 December 2007
• supporting the Australian Government and
contributing to their development and testing
of the new online reporting system
• investigating the impact of changes to the NEPM
on South Australian legislation
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for South Australia by
the Hon. Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and Conservation
for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 291
• developing the Environment Protection (National
Pollutant Inventory) Policy 2008
• assisting reporters to register for online reporting.
Implementation
Implementation of the NPI was carried out in
accordance with the MOU between the Australian
Government and South Australia. The MOU commits
the Australian Government and South Australia to
jointly fund the NPI program, each contributing
$90 000 per annum.
South Australia employed three full time officers
to implement the NPI program during 2006–07. One
officer focused on diffuse emissions investigation
while the other two focussed on point source emissions
or industry reporting. From October to December
2007, an additional staff member assisted with the
validation of the industry reports.
South Australia met the MOU criteria and in December
2007 submitted, to the Australian Government, 403
NPI industry reports with each having undergone a
desktop assessment. These reports were released on
the database in March 2008.
Implementation Working Group
South Australia actively participated in all national
NPI Implementation Working Group meetings held
during 2007–08. South Australia was actively involved
in national NPI activities and email discussions,
providing comments, advice and information on
Australian Government documentation to achieve
national consistency on NPI issues.
South Australia provided signif icant input to the
development of the web-based online reporting
system to ensure that the proposed system met the
requirements of all parties and included quality
assurance mechanisms. Officers from South Australia
travelled to Canberra and assisted in testing of the
online reporting system.
The Australian Government has initiated a review
of the industry sector reporting manuals and SA has
provided input to these reviews where appropriate.
Emerging issues
In June 2007, the Environment Protection and
Heritage Council (EPHC) agreed on the NPI NEPM
variation. There has been an increased workload to
implement these changes. In the lead up to
renegotiation of the next MOU, South Australia will
strongly recommend the need for more resources in
order to carry out the requirements of the NPI program,
for example the inclusion of more site audits.
Current updated aggregate emissions data is required
for reliable comparison with industry emissions
however this is still an area in South Australia that
requires additional work. Work has been carried out
on the water aggregate emissions. However a more
detailed air emissions inventory remains a priority for
both the NPI program and the South Australian EPA.
There is a need for training of reporters using the
online system. Reporters have made enquiries about
how the introduction of transfers will effect their
reporting requirements. There is potentially a need
for workshops based specif ically on transfers.
Reporters have enquired about the development
of site specif ic transfer factors.
Facility emission reports
South Australia submitted a total of 403 industry
emission reports for the 2006–07 reporting period.
The reports were supplied in the required format
to the Australian Government for release on the
NPI database. In SA, twenty-six new or returning
facilities reported, whilst sixteen facilities that
reported in 2005–06 did not report in 2006–07
due to site closure or falling below threshold.
The following companies reported to the NPI for the
first time in 2006–07:
• Campbell Brothers Ltd
• Children Youth & Women’s Health Service
• EPIC Energy South Australia (nine sites)
• Infratil Energy Australia (two sites)
• Oxiana Ltd (now Oz Minerals Prominent Hill
Operations Pty Ltd)
• SA Sawmilling
• International Linen Service Pty Ltd.
All reports received in 2006–07 underwent a desktop
audit to ensure the accuracy and validity of the data.
Facilities were contacted regarding any errors or
anomalies identif ied in the reports and necessary
corrections made. The assessment process followed
the standard protocols developed in previous years.
SA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8292
SA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
NPI database and website
South Australia reported its facility emission data in
December 2007 in accordance with its NPI NEPM
and MOU reporting responsibilities.
South Australia fully supports the efforts by the
Australian Government to improve the structure of
the website. South Australia has provided and will
continue to provide input into this project to ensure
that user requirements are met.
Industry reporting materials
South Australia supports the Australian Government’s
review of the industry handbooks and provides input
and comment on the revised manuals and associated
reports when appropriate. South Australia continues
to notify the Australian Government of any errors
identif ied within the industry handbooks.
Education programs
Through 2007–08 a number of promotional and
educational activities occurred including:
• contacting all current reporters to remind them
of their reporting requirements
• contacting ‘non-reporters’ to ensure that they were
aware of their NEPM reporting requirements and
offering one-on-one training of new reporters to
assist with NPI reporting
• development of a newsletter to update current
reporters on the changes to the NPI
• publishing a brochure on ‘Changes to the National
Pollutant Inventory in South Australia’ and posting
a copy to all technical contacts
• development of a presentation to inform reporters
about the legislative changes to the NPI focussing
on transfers.
Online training session for calendar year reporters
were held in Adelaide in conjunction with the
Australian Government in February 2008.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Data was provided to the Australian Government for
the March 2008 website launch in accordance with
the MOU for 2005–09.
South Australia has continued to address the issue of
data reliability through the ongoing implementation
of a QA system for validation procedures.
NPI data continues to be a key resource in the
development of a load based licensing fee system
for SA.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 293
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
SA
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
INDUSTRY
• 403 reports for 2006–07
• 394 reports for 2005–06
• 21 new reporters
• No new sectors reporting
• One confidentiality claim
submitted
• There has been positive
feedback about the online
reporting system and the
features that it offers
• A great interest has been shown
in NPI online reporting training
• More site audits have been
requested for continuous
improvement feedback
• Many sites require one-on-one
assistance in understanding what
transfers they need to report
• A newsletter for 2008 was
released on the website to
inform reporters about
legislative changes, online
reporting and updates to
industry guidance material
• Industry enquiries via email
and phone have been followed
up on a one-on-one basis
GOVERNMENT
• 403 desktop audits
• Four on-site audits
• No regulatory actions
• The EPA utilised NPI data to
develop the resource
efficiency component of load
based licensing due to start on
1 July 2008
• An internal presentation was
held to raise awareness about
work on aggregate water
emissions
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8294
Ta
s–
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
Under Section 12A of the Tasmanian State Policies
and Projects Act 1993, NEPMs are taken to be State
Policies, which have been passed by Parliament. This
enables compliance and enforcement tools available
under the Environmental Management and Pollution
Control Act 1994 to be used to ensure NPI reporting
requirements are met.
Implementation activities
Overview
Implementation of the NPI NEPM during 2007–08
was carried out by the Environment Division of the
Department of Environment, Parks, Heritage and
the Arts.
An extension of the Memorandum of Understanding
between Tasmania and the Commonwealth was signed
extending the NPI program for another year.
Strategic directions
Tasmania continues to focus on ensuring that all
industry sectors are aware of their reporting
requirements and improvements in data quality
continue to occur. A high level of support to industry
reporters will ensure these objectives are met.
Implementation
Implementation of the NPI NEPM was carried out
in accordance with the MOU signed between the
Commonwealth and Tasmania. One staff member was
responsible for implementing the NPI in Tasmania.
Specialist advice is also provided from staff members
from within the Environment Division.
A key focus of the Tasmanian NPI officer has been
to improve the timeliness of returns and improve
accuracy of data being submitted reporters.
Implementation Working Group
Tasmania continues to actively participate in the
Implementation Working Group (IWG) with the
Tasmanian NPI officer attending all IWG meetings.
Regular contact was also maintained with officers
from NPI Units in other States and Territories and
the Commonwealth.
Emerging issues
In June 2007 the National Environment Protection
Council agreed to vary the NPI NEPM. As a result
of this variation there has been a need to ensure all
reporters are aware of the changes and they update
their reporting accordingly. As the majority of
reporters in Tasmania report on a calendar year basis
it is recognised that implications of the variation to
the NPI NEPM are unlikely to be seen until the next
reporting period. It is likely that additional effort
will required to ensure reporters are aware of the
changes and report accordingly.
The Australian Government has implemented the new
online reporting system in early 2008. It is intended
that the new system will improve accuracy of data
submitted. The new system should also signif icantly
improve ease of reporting. It is anticipated that
additional resources will be required to train
reporters and provide assistance to ensure that as
many possible reporters adopt online reporting in
favour of paper reporting.
Facility emission reports
Tasmania submitted 164 facility reports to the
Commonwealth. Electronic lodgement of reports
continues to be the favoured method of submission
with 85% received electronically. Sixty-eight NPI
substances were reported in Tasmania.
A number of reports were received late in 2007 and
a number of reporters required numerous reminders
regarding reporting deadlines. One facility, Glenorchy
City Council, Jackson Street Refuse Disposal Site
failed to report in 2007.
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for Tasmania by the
Hon. Michelle O’Byrne MP, Minister for the Environment, Parks, Heritage
and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 295
NPI database and website
Tasmania notes and supports the continued efforts of
the Australian Government to improve presentation
and accessibility of NPI data on the website.
Industry reporting materials
Tasmania continues to provide input into the review
of industry emission estimation manuals as these
are updated
Education programs
Tasmania continues to provide one-on-one assistance
to industry reporters and new industries identif ied
as needing to report.
Promotion of the NPI, and particularly the data
available on the website, has been carried out with
potential user groups. There appears to be increasing
awareness of the availability of NPI data and education
aimed at improving the understanding of the data
has been undertaken.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Generally there is wide acceptance of the NPI at the
industry level. As the NPI has matured industry has
become more aware of its responsibility to report.
The data submitted is still an issue but data quality
is generally improving. The introduction of online
reporting with improved validation measures should
assist in improving this issue.
Ta
s–
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions on
database
INDUSTRY
• 164 reports for 2006–07
• 172 reports for 2005–06
• 3 new reporters
• 1 new sectors reporting
• No confidentiality claims
submitted
• Industry reporters have
indicated that the electronic
reporting is still diff icult in
some cases due to nature of
National Reporting Tool.
• Industry is keen to implement
the new online reporting system.
• Liaised with new reporters
to ensure understanding of
reporting requirements.
• Continue to identify and contact
potential reporters.
• Increase in use of NPI data
particularly in locations where
new industry is proposed.
• Media use of NPI continues
to increase.
• Informed stakeholders of
variation to the NPI NEPM
GOVERNMENT
• 164 desktop audits
• 2 on-site audits
• no regulatory actions
• NPI emission data accessed
for a number of government
projects.
• Assisted with interpretation
of NPI data for a number of
government off icers.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8296
AC
T –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has
implemented the provisions of the National Pollutant
Inventory NEPM (NPI NEPM) through amendments
to the Environment Protection Act 1997.
Responsibility for the implementation of the NEPM
rests with the Environment Protection & Heritage of
the Department of Territory and Municipal Services.
Implementation activities
Overview
In 2007–08, the ACT completed the ninth year of NPI
NEPM coordination. This involved:
• liaison with local as well as interstate reporters
• the collection, storage, auditing and transfer of
data covering emissions to air, land and water,
in conjunction with the Australian Government
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage
and the Arts
• participation in the Implementation Working Group.
• collaborative participation by the ACT and
Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts, in the development of the NPI online
system and facilitation of training sessions to
assist reporters in becoming familiarised with
the new online system.
Strategic directions
Strategic directions for the ACT program continued
to be guided through consultation with the
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and
the Arts, all states and the Northern Territory. The
focus within the ACT was to ensure that all facilities
that trip threshold reporting of substances are
reporting to the NPI. Additionally, the ACT also
focused on delivering a high level of support to all
registered reporters to ensure highly accurate data
submission.
Implementation
In the 2007–08 f inancial year, one part-time staff
member was employed to implement the NEPM in
the ACT.
Aggregate emission estimates for the Canberra water
catchment (Molonglo and Murrumbidgee rivers) and
the Canberra airshed were completed in 1999.
Implementation Working Group
The ACT was actively involved with the
Implementation Working Group on a range of items,
including discussion of the Draft NPI NEPM
variation, dealing with uncertainties in various
reporting circumstances, communication strategy,
amendments to emission estimation technique
manuals, and development of the new online
reporting system.
Emerging issues
In 2007–08, no signif icant issues emerged while
implementing the NPI NEPM in the ACT.
Facility emission reports
In the ACT, twenty facilities submitted reports for the
2006–07 f inancial year. With staff changes at some
facilities, the ACT continued to place a focus on
ensuring accuracy of reported data.
NPI database and website
The database and website performed satisfactorily.
Transfer of all appropriate data (facility substances
emission estimates) to the Department of
Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts occurred
by 30 November 2007, to meet ACT’s obligation
under the Memorandum of Understanding.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for the Australian
Capital Territory by Mr Jon Stanhope MLA, Minister for the Environment,
Water and Climate Change for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 297
AC
T –
NA
TIO
NA
L P
OL
LU
TA
NT
INV
EN
TO
RY
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
INDUSTRY
• 20 reports for 2006–07
• 21 reports for 2005–06
• No new reporters
• No new sectors reporting
• No confidentiality claims
submitted
• Industry response indicated
ease of database access
• Industry reporters participated
in the use of the NPI website
both on-site and remotely over
the telephone for reporting
purposes
• Continued to liaise and provide
support for reporters
GOVERNMENT
• No desktop audits
• 1 on-site audits
• No regulatory actions
• Database access, navigation,
information exchange and
download continue to operate
satisfactorily
• No specif ic new activities
undertaken in 2006–07
• Members of the public
indicated ease of database
access and navigation
• Academic peers indicated the
database is to be an effective
resource for environmental
research projects
• The general Public and selected
consultants were effectively
appointed as trail participants
to view the NPI website and
retrieve related emission
information from ACT
Government departments
• NPI information brochures
were widely distributed within
the ACT
Industry reporting materials
In 2006–07, emission estimate technique manuals
used by the ACT reporters were effective in providing
necessary relevant guidelines required to meet
current reporting obligations. The National Pollutant
Inventory Guides were individually distributed to
some ACT reporters.
Education programs
During 2007–08, the ACT, in collaboration with the
Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the
Arts, conducted a training session to assist local
reporters in becoming familiarised with the new
online system. Additionally, several informal
education events, providing one-on-one sessions with
facility operators, were conducted. The education
processes proved to be eff icient in enabling greater
understanding by reporters of their response
obligations and ensuring the provision of emission
data to the NPI on schedule.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage
and the Arts assisted the ACT to fulf il its obligations
under the NEPM through notifying national reporting
facilities, while the ACT notif ied local reporters of
their obligations to the NPI NEPM.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8298
NT
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 266)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NPI program is implemented in the Northern
Territory (NT) through an Environmental Protection
Order (EPO) established under the Waste Management
and Pollution Control Act 2003.
Overall responsibility for implementation of the NPI
rests with the Department of Natural Resources,
Environment, the Arts and Sport.
Implementation activities
Overview
A total of eighty-six facilities reported to the NPI
program in the NT for 2006–07. This represents a
decrease of six reports compared to the previous year
due to a number of reasons:
• two military facilities began reporting direct to the
Commonwealth Government
• five facilities were closed including three due to
rationalisation in the bulk petroleum industry
• two facilities were below threshold
• two did not report when they should have (and are
being investigated)
• a number of new reports from facilities that had
not previously reported.
The trend in decreased reporting for 2006–07 is
expected to reverse as a signif icant number of new
facilities were registered during 2008.
Strategic directions
The Northern Territory will continue to monitor and
audit data reported under the NPI to ensure that the
information is accurate, reliable and compliant with
the EPO.
The NT aim is to continue to identify errors in the
database and evaluate the industries that are currently
not reporting their emissions and convince them to
do so via the on-line system.
Implementation
In the 2007–08 year the NPI officer focused on
co-ordinating feedback from government and industry
in the Northern Territory as part of the NPI NEPM
implementation. The principle function of the NPI
officer has been to identify potential future reporters
and follow-up on past reporters who have failed to
submit reports in previous years.
Implementation Working Group
The NPI officer continues to participate in the
activities of the Implementation Working Group
(IWG). The NPI officer attended a national meeting
and participated in teleconferences.
Emerging issues
Measures are in place to ensure the accuracy of the
Northern Territory report to the Commonwealth
Government. Despite the user friendliness of the new
online reporting system and encouragement of its
use, there will be some teething problems for the new
reporters and the NT Government. It is anticipated
however that reporting issues will be far less than
in previous years.
Facility emission reports
The Northern Territory contributed a total of 86
industrial facility reports to the NPI for 2006–07. The
data was submitted to the Commonwealth Government
in electronic format.
The data was checked for inconsistencies or errors
in spatial information, registered name, registered
site address and large deviations. Most of the changes
in facility reports resulted from either a signif icant
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (National Pollutant Inventory) Measure for the Northern
Territory by the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 299
NT
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T IN
VE
NT
OR
Y
change in activity or refinement of the emission
estimation techniques. No confidentiality claims
were received from reporters in the Northern Territory
during this reporting period.
NPI database and website
The NT NPI website can be found at
<www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/npi/index.html>.
Industry reporting materials
The NPI is continually reviewing and updating
materials provided to industries to help them estimate
emissions from their facilities. It is also updating
guidelines used to estimate emissions from other
sources.
Education programs
No new education programs were developed this year.
A planned training day for reporters/coordinators did
not receive enough applicants to proceed. Some of
the NT applicants attended training interstate.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NT successfully submitted its 2006–07 data to
the Commonwealth Government in time for the annual
updating of the public website in January 2008.
The Northern Territory Government implemented
the NPI under an EPO that commenced on the 20
November 2003. Despite the legislation making NPI
reporting mandatory in the Northern Territory, the
majority of Northern Territory facilities have
voluntarily submitted NPI reports in previous years.
A communication strategy has been developed to
continue to deliver information about the NPI program.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM EFFECTIVENESS
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
PUBLIC
• 591 644 new user sessions
on database
INDUSTRY
• 86 reports for 2006–07
• 92 reports for 2005–06
• 8 new reports in 2006–07
• 14 past reporters not reporting
in 2006–07
• 1 new sector reporting
• No confidentiality claims
submitted
• Positive response form
industry to new NPI online
reporting system, which is to
become operational in 2008.
• Assisted new facilities in
reporting their data.
• Liaised and negotiated with
potential new reporters.
• The NPI online reporting
system is operational in 2008
and is currently in use.
• Of the 14 fewer reporters in
2006–07, two were military
installations now reporting to
the Commonwealth, f ive have
ceased operations, two were
below threshold, and two failed
to report.
Participation levels Feedback from the community, Implementation
industry and government activity/effectiveness
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8300
NT
– N
AT
ION
AL
PO
LL
UT
AN
T I
NV
EN
TO
RY
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE NEPM
Reporting information is available on the National Pollutant Inventory website at <www.npi.gov.au>.
GOVERNMENT
• No desktop audits
• No on-site audits
• No regulatory actions
• Government agencies access
the NPI to review emissions
data and facilities within the
Northern Territory.
• Increased the NPI profile by
making regular contact with
government off icers and
industry.
R e p o r t s f r o m j u r i s d i c t i o n s o n t h e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e
Used Packaging Materials NEPM
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8302
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS Used Packaging Materials
Part 1 of each report annex is generic, and so is
presented once here.
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
NEPM details
Title: National Environment Protection
(Used Packaging Materials) Measure
Made by Council: 2 July 1999
Commencement Date: 14 July 1999
(advertised Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
No. GN 28, 14 July 1999, p 2114)
NEPM goal (or purpose)
The environment protection goal is established by
clause 6 of this Measure as follows:
6. National environment protection goal
The goal of the Measure is to reduce
environmental degradation arising from the
disposal of used packaging and conserve virgin
materials through the encouragement of re-use
and recycling of used packaging materials by
supporting and complementing the voluntary
strategies in the National Packaging Covenant.
Desired environmental outcomes
The desired environmental outcomes from the
combination of the National Packaging Covenant and
the Measure are to optimise resource use and recovery
and encourage the conservation of virgin materials.
Evaluation criteria
The assessment of the effectiveness of the National
Environment Protection (Used Packaging Materials)
Measure is based on the following criteria:
General criteria (specified in the NEPC
Implementation Reporting Protocol)
• progress in implementing the NEPM
• compliance by parties bound by the NEPM
with NEPM protocols and/or other NEPM
reporting requirements
• progress toward achievement of the NEPM goal,
the desired environmental outcomes and any
NEPM standards
• issues arising that reflect on the eff iciency and
simplicity of NEPM administration.
Specific criteria
Criteria for assessment and performance
measurement of implementation of the NEPM are
set out in clause 21 of the NEPM which states that
each participating jurisdiction shall provide to
Council the following information:
• information gathered from brand owners whose
records under clause 16 have been audited by
the jurisdiction
• aggregated information received from local
governments under clause 17
• information gathered through the conduct of
surveys under clause 18
• information relating to complaints received,
investigations undertaken and prosecutions
mounted pursuant to the NEPM
• a statement of interpretation of the information.
Note: Clause 15(3) states that a common approach
to the interpretation of data gathered pursuant to
these protocols and to the terminology used with the
data shall be adopted by participating jurisdictions.
Furthermore, that the terminology used shall be in
accordance with definitions set out in the NEPM
as per clause 15(4).
Commonwealth
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 303
Cw
lth–
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for the Commonwealth
by the Hon. Peter Garrett AM MP, Minister for the Environment, Heritage
and the Arts for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Australian Government’s implementing
legislation only applies to brand owner companies
with over 50% government ownership, and to its
jurisdictional territories. Australia Post is the only
company that is considered a brand owner under the
definition of the Used Packaging Materials NEPM.
Christmas and Cocos Keeling Islands are the only
territories where the NEPM could be applied.
Implementation activities
The Australian Government and Australia Post are
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant. The
Australian Government encourages Covenant activities
across all Commonwealth organisations, including
agencies and Australia Post. In June 2008 the
government also engaged a consultant to develop a
methodology to determine the tonnage of packaging
recycled by each agency. The f inal consultancy report
is due in October 2008.
The Australian Government, as a member of the
Covenant Council Funding Steering Committee,
participates in developing the Covenant’s annual
budget for Covenant Council’s endorsement. The
Australian Government provided twenty f ive percent
of the funds required for administration and
communication activities.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NEPM implementing instruments are now
in place in all participating jurisdictions with
enforcement actions underway.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
At the end of June 2008, there were 616 compliant
Covenant signatories. This comprises 410 re signed
and 206 new (f irst-time) signatories. Of these
signatories, 364 were brand owners, the focus of
NEPM implementation. During the year, six brand
owners were formally deemed non-compliant with
their Covenant obligations and referred to jurisdictions
for follow up under the NEPM.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The NEPM requires the Australian Government to
provide information annually on the progress of the
Covenant to the National Environment Protection
Council (NEPC). The information is to be provided
by the Covenant Council regarding:
• membership of the Covenant expressed as both
the number of signatories and the proportion of
consumer packaging used in Australia represented
by those signatories
• the number of action plans lodged with the
Covenant Council
• recovery and utilisation rates reported by Covenant
signatories in accordance with their Action Plans
under the Covenant, by material type
• a statement of interpretation of the information.
The Report from the National Packaging Covenant
Council providing this information will be available
on the National Packaging Covenant webpage
<www.packagingcovenant.org.au>.
New South Wales
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for New South Wales
by the Hon. Carmel Tebbutt, Minister for Climate Change and the
Environment for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Used Packaging Materials NEPM is implemented
in NSW through Part 5B of the Protection of the
Environment Operations (Waste) Regulation (the
Regulation) which commenced on 1 September 2006.
Where the regulation applies to a brand owner, the
brand owner is required to take back the packaging
of its products (or an equivalent amount of similar
material) in line with published targets; re-use or
recycle this packaging; advise consumers on how their
products’ packaging may be recycled; provide a range
of data and report against key performance indicators;
develop an action plan and submit annual reports.
Under the Regulation, ‘brand owners’ include owners
or licensees of trade marks, franchisees, importers,
packaging suppliers and retailers who provide plastic
bags to their customers.
The Regulation does not apply to brand owners that
have an annual turnover of less than $5 million or
those brand owners who are part of an industry
arrangement that produce equivalent outcomes to
the Packaging Covenant. Non-compliance with the
requirements of the Regulation carries f ines of up
to $11 000 for an individual and $22 000 for a
corporation and daily f ines for continuing offences.
The Regulation is administered by the Department
of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC).
Standard NEPM monitoring and evaluation processes
are in place in NSW to identify potential ‘free riders’
to the Packaging Covenant, including annual brand
owner surveys and local government kerbside
collection audits.
The NEPM obliges local government to report certain
data. Reporting by local government under the
NEPM has been implemented in NSW under existing
administrative arrangements through which local
governments provide information to DECC on
kerbside recycling activities.
Implementation activities
During the reporting period, NSW supported the
Covenant Council by sending letters to businesses
referred by the Covenant Council Secretariat. These
letters informed the addressees of the NSW Regulation
that applies to companies that are brand owners; which
have an annual turnover of more than $5 million and
which are not signatories to the Covenant or an
equivalent arrangement. The letters also provided
information on the Covenant and how to join the
Covenant. The implementation of the NSW Regulation
is initially based on a discussion about product
stewardship and options for demonstrating this, but
where businesses failed to respond or persistently
failed to join the Covenant, NSW issued statutory
notices. These statutory notices required addressees
to provide action plans under the NSW Regulation.
All the addressees chose to sign the Covenant instead
of being subject to the NSW Regulation.
Between 1 July 2007 and 30 June 2008, DECC
wrote to 244 businesses. These were predominantly
non-signatories who were referred by the Covenant
Council Secretariat for failing to respond to requests
to join the Packaging Covenant and signatories to
the Packaging Covenant who had failed to meet
their obligations.
The Department of Environment and Climate Change
undertook a brandowner survey in March 2008, using
a methodology agreed between all jurisdictions that
have obligations under the NEPM. New South Wales
identif ied 200 companies that were potential free-
riders to the Covenant and forwarded these details
to the Covenant Council Secretariat for follow-up
in the f irst instance.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8304
NS
W –
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 305
NS
W –
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Implementation summary and evaluation
The nature of the regulatory process means that it is
diff icult to assign results to a particular 12 month
reporting period. NSW has investigated the status of
398 companies in the 21 months since its Regulation
was gazetted. At 30 June 2008, 95 of the 398 businesses
targeted by NSW either joined the Covenant or met
their obligations under the Covenant. Of these 95
businesses, 24 joined the Packaging Covenant or met
their obligations after statutory notices were issued
under the NSW Regulation. Of the 398 businesses
targeted, 77 were deemed to be exempt from the
Regulation either because their annual turnover fell
under the small business threshold of $5 million or
because they were not brand owners.
As at 30 June 2008, responses to NSW letters were
outstanding from another 137 of the 398 businesses
that were targeted in the reporting year. Reminder
letters will be sent to these businesses and those who
persist in not responding will receive statutory notices
under the Protection of the Environment Operations
Act requiring them to provide the information
requested in the original letters.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
At the end of June 2008, NSW had a total of 260
signatories compared to 235 at the end of June 2007.
Many of the new signatories and previous signatories
who signed up during the reporting period did so in
response to NSW letters and statutory notices as well
as follow-up telephone calls made by DECC staff.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
In accordance with clause 21 of the NEPM the
following is provided:
(a) Nil (no brand owner was subject to record-
keeping obligations under the NSW Regulation)
(b) See Part 5 below
(c) During March 2008 DECC undertook surveys
of packaged consumer goods in a variety of retail
outlets to identify from a sample of packaged
goods, a list of non-signatories to the National
Packaging Covenant. This is a requirement under
clause 21(1)(c) and clause 18 of the NEPM
in order to identify ‘free riders’ who are not
signatories to the NEPM.
A total of 200 brands were identif ied as non-
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant.
This information was provided to the Covenant
Council Secretariat who has written to all these
non-signatories. Those that did not respond have
been referred to jurisdictions, including NSW, for
action under the NSW Regulation. Foreign and
imported products comprised the majority of the
remaining non-signatory brands. Contact details
and local distributors for these brands continue
to be diff icult to identify, making it impossible
to pursue these non-signatory brands under the
NSW Regulation.
(d) No complaint was received in relation to specif ic
businesses.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: New South Wales
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 149
Percentage of total Councils: 98%
Total Residential population: 6 887 952
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils:
Drop Off Service: 103 (Drop off only: 16)
No Service: 13
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 2 660 275 premises
Non-residential 13 246 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 2 456 167 premises 51 874 premises
Non-
Residential 7 937 premises 1 578 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 68.80
Non-Residential $ 62.06
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8306
NS
W –
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a Recycling Service:
Residential $ 214.00
Non-Residential $ N/A
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 94.2%
Average participation rate: 83.5%
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected Frequency of service Total No.
in container of councils
Bag Commingled Weekly 2
Bag Commingled Fortnightly 1
Bag Commingled Monthly 1
Crate Commingled Weekly 16
Crate Commingled Fortnightly 2
Crate Commingled Monthly 1
MGB 55L Commingled Weekly 3
MGB 80L Commingled Weekly 1
MGB 80L Commingled Fortnightly 1
MGB 120L Commingled Weekly 4
MGB 120L x 2 Paper/ Cardboard and Containers Weekly (alternating weeks) 2
MGB 120L Commingled Fortnightly 2
MGB 140L Commingled Weekly 3
MGB 140L Commingled Fortnightly 2
MGB 180L Commingled Fortnightly 1
MGB 240L Commingled Weekly 6
MGB 240L Commingled Fortnightly 75
MGB 240L Split (waste/recycling) Weekly 2
MGB 240L Split (waste/recycling) Fortnightly 1
MGB 240L Split (paper/containers) Fortnightly 5
MGB 340L Commingled Fortnightly 1
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 307
NS
W –
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 144460 133742 10718
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 293142 267295 25847
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 187429 167863 19567
TOTAL PLASTICS 40889 37357 3532
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 6524 6055 469
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 17147 15731 1416
TOTAL 689591 628043 61549
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling
at drop-off collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 14835 14826 9
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 8921 8747 175
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 7222 7080 142
TOTAL PLASTICS 1090 1034 56
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 685 683 2
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 408 404 5
TOTAL 33161 32774 389
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8308
Vic
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Used Packaging Materials NEPM is implemented
in Victoria through statutory policy, Waste Management
Policy (Used packaging Materials) 2006 (the Policy).
The Policy was gazetted and commenced on 28 March
2006 under the Environment Protection Act 1970.
The primary purpose of the Policy is to establish a
statutory basis for ensuring that signatories to the
National Packaging Covenant (the Covenant) are not
competitively disadvantaged in the marketplace by
fulf illing their commitments under the Covenant.
Implementation activities
Victoria continues to implement the Policy by
targeting non-signatories identif ied through brand
owner audits (conducted annually as per Clause 18
of the NEPM) and by direct referral from other
sources such as Covenant signatories and non
government organisations.
Through the reporting period, 332 non-signatories
referred to Victoria were formally approached under
the NEPM. Towards the end of this period, a further
244 non-signatories were referred to Victoria from
the most recent brand owner audit. These companies
are pending processing and investigation.
In Victoria, non-signatories are f irst contacted by
mail to advise the company of their options and
obligations (to either sign the Covenant or be subject
to the regulations) under the Policy. If a company fails
to comply with the requirements of the f irst notice
within 28 days, the EPA issues a draft Pollution
Abatement Notice requesting specif ic information
for each packaging material used for a f inancial year.
Companies must demonstrate a recovery/reutilisation
rate for each material that is greater than the recovery
targets set under the Covenant. If a company again
fails to comply, the EPA then issues a Pollution
Abatement Notice to enforce compliance.
Implementation summary and evaluation
Of the 332 non-signatories formally approached
under the NEPM this reporting period:
• 78 signed the National Packaging Covenant
• 131 claimed an exemption under the $5 million
turnover threshold
• 52 were unknown (ceased trading/not identif ied)
• 45 were not captured by the NEPM (mistakenly
identif ied as brand owners as per Part 3 of the
NEPM).
Twenty-six were captured by the NEPM. These brand
owners have been formally notif ied of their options
and obligations under the Policy and were deemed
non compliant as at the end of the reporting period.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM instrument appears to deliver the greatest
value by providing an incentive to most non-signatory
brand owners to sign the Covenant (or demonstrate
an exemption). Seventy-eight businesses registered
in Victoria signed the Covenant as a result of NEPM
activity, bringing the total number of Victorian
signatories to 248. The effectiveness of the NEPM in
delivering increased packaging recovery rates amongst
non-signatories is yet to be tested in Victoria.
The NEPM contributes to better environmental
outcomes for packaging by encouraging the majority
of brand owners to sign the Covenant thereby ensuring
that signatories are not disadvantaged by fulf illing
their Covenant obligations.
Victoria
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for Victoria by the Hon.
Gavin Jennings MLC, Minister for Environment and Climate Change for
the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 309
Vic
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The following is provided in compliance with clause
21(1) of the NEPM:
(a) no audits of brand owner records have been
necessary
(b) at the end of the reporting period, the 2008 brand
owner survey was being f inalised
(c) no complaints have been received during the
reporting period.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: Victoria
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 79
Percentage of total Councils: 100%
Total residential population: 5 186 599
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: Other recycling service
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 2 134 602 premises
Non-Residential 219 048 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 2 033 518 premises 629 128 premises
Non-
Residential 91 675 premises 53 845 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 53.51
Non-Residential $ 61.64
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential $ 33.32
Non-Residential $ n/a
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 95%
Average participation rate: 83.3%
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected Frequency of service Total No.
in container of councils
120L Commingled Weekly 7
240L & crate 240L (containers) Fortnightly 1
Crate (paper/cardboard)
240L Commingled Fortnightly 69
240L Commingled Monthly 1
Crate & tied bundle Crate (containers) Weekly 1
Bundle (paper)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8310
Vic
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 99 199 87 363 11 836
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 291 001 263 980 27 021
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 143 073 130 816 12 257
TOTAL PLASTICS 50 466 37 877 12 588
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 5 022 4 694 238
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 16 199 14 783 1 416
TOTAL 604 960 539 513 65 356
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling
at drop-off collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 5 934 5 918 16
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 3 883 3 874 9
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 1 324 1 324 0
TOTAL PLASTICS 382 382 0
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 137 137 0
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 4 602 4 584 18
TOTAL 16 262 16 219 43
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 311
Qld
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The legislative provisions relating to the management
of used packaging materials, administered by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), were
transferred from the Environmental Protection
Regulation 1998 to the Environmental Protection
(Waste Management) Regulation 2000 (EP (Waste
Management) Regulation) in August 2007 to
consolidate all waste management provisions into one
regulation. Minor amendments to strengthen definitions
and enforcement provisions were made at the same
time. Under the EP (Waste Management) Regulation,
local governments undertaking kerbside recycling
services are required to provide to the EPA data on
recycling in their jurisdiction.
Implementation activities
On behalf of the Covenant Council, the Queensland
Government contacted 66 businesses referred by the
Covenant Council Secretariat to provide information
regarding Part 6B (Used Packaging Materials) of the
EP (Waste Management) Regulation and the Covenant.
The Queensland Government also sent compliance
notices (under 66W of the EP (Waste Management)
Regulation) to fourteen of these companies.
These 66 businesses were encouraged to make
improvements to their product stewardship and
environmental practices with regards to packaging
and provided specif ic advice on request. Of the 66
companies who sent letters, 19 companies were
deemed to be exempt from the regulation as they
were below the small business threshold and 22
companies joined the Covenant, with one additional
company committing to join. The Queensland
Government is continuing to follow up with the
remaining non-compliant companies. Some very large
national companies are included in those that joined
the Covenant during the 2007–08 reporting period.
The EPA undertook brand owner audits of products
in retail stores in Brisbane. The purpose of these
audits was to identify brand owners whose products
are represented in the waste stream but are not
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant. The
audit involved 200 products surveyed in a large sports
store and a large f ishing/camping store. The list of
brand owners was sent to the NSW Department of
Environment and Climate Change who analysed the
results of surveys undertaken by all jurisdictions.
Seventy Queensland businesses were identif ied as
non-signatories to the Covenant. These businesses
will be contacted in the first half of the next reporting
period after the Covenant Secretariat makes an initial
approach to the businesses.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Queensland Government’s progress towards
achievement of the NEPM Goal includes:
• facilitating product stewardship through enforcement
of legislation to implement the NEPM in Queensland
• undertaking market development initiatives for
materials that are recovered from the kerbside and
away-from-home sectors. Considerable attention is
being given to the recovery of glass as commodity
prices and recycling levels are currently low. Cairns
Water is proposing a demonstration glass crushing
plant to explore alternative uses for glass and Visy
Recycling wishes to build a glass fines reprocessing
plant for South East Queensland (for which it has
received funding under the National Packaging
Covenant)
• applying product stewardship across all
government operations; for example, the application
of a government sustainable procurement policy
and becoming a member of the Buy Recycled
Business Alliance
Queensland
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for Queensland by the
Hon. Andrew McNamara MP, Minister for Sustainability, Climate Change
and Innovation for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8312
Qld
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
• raising awareness of the NEPM through
presentations to industry associations and meetings
with specif ic companies
• implementing projects that support integrated
recycling collection and reprocessing services.
A number of key new projects were initiated
throughout the reporting year. These include:
• Public Place Recycling (PPR) Program—The aims
of the project will be to implement PPR across
Queensland that will be as reliable and consistent
as Council kerbside recycling systems, maximise
the capture of recyclable materials, limit
contamination and enhance collection infrastructure
for recyclable materials in the State.
Public places/venues to be targeted include:
– shopping precincts/centres
– sporting and other events
– parks and public spaces
– transit centres/hubs
– recreational pursuits and facilities
– educational institutions.
It is anticipated that, through this project, an
additional 20 000 tonnes per year of recyclable
material will be recovered.
• Transpacif ic industries—This project will provide
small-to-medium enterprises with an opportunity
to participate in recovery of recyclables through
an easy-to-use service which will provide f inancial
incentives to recycle and support sustainability
reporting.
A single co-mingled recycling bin service will be
offered to all commercial and industrial premises
in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth. This
will primarily be a front-lift service with some
rear-lift for premises with space constraints. The
implementation of this project is expected to
deliver a total of 42 500 new tonnes of recyclable
material by the middle of 2010.
• Brisbane City Council (BCC)—As part of a revision
of its Waste Minimisation and Management Strategy,
the BCC is proposing a number of signif icant
initiatives which will include:
– expanding recycling services to multi-unit
dwellings—approximately 2775 unit complexes
will be targeted for a recycling service
commencing in March 2008
– implementing recycling services to approximately
120 000 commercial and industrial premises in
Brisbane—it is anticipated that it will be offered
to commerce and industry in the last half of 2008
– a new contract with Visy Recycling to upgrade
the Materials Recycling Facilities to provide
capacity for this new product from extended
recycling services
– a major improvement to the Recycling Education
and Awareness Program to support these new
initiatives along with bolstering the existing
kerbside recycling service.
These initiatives will increase recycling yield by
17 500 new tonnes by June 2010.
• Amcor/Moreton Bay Regional Council—In this
project, the new Regional Council, encompassing
the outlying northern Brisbane subregion of South
East Queensland, together with Amcor Recycling
Australia, is collaborating to undertake a pilot
recycling program targeting the small-to-medium
enterprises that dominate the activities on the
many industrial estates in this area. It is anticipated
that this project will generate a minimum of 5000
new tonnes of recyclable material each year from
June 2009.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Queensland has continued to encourage brand owner
participation in the Covenant this year, complemented
by the more rigorous NEPM enforcement action.
Under the strengthened Covenant there are now sixty-
one signatories, an increase of ten signatories over
the previous year.
There are three companies that are deemed to be non-
compliant signatories. Compliance action against
these companies will be pursued in the f irst half of
the next reporting period. The seventy non-signatory
companies identif ied through the brand owner audit
will also be contacted.
The legislative provisions supporting the compliance
requirements of the Covenant have been amended
to allow a shorter time for responding to a
Compliance Notice.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 313
Qld
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The following information is provided in compliance
with Clause 21(1) of the NEPM:
• no audits of brand owner records have been
necessary due to brand owners either joining the
Covenant or demonstrating exemption from the
NEPM. Prior to joining the Covenant, 14 companies
were issued with Compliance Notices under the
Regulation
• local government data is available at Part 5 of
this report
• a brand owner survey of 200 products was
undertaken in Brisbane (see ‘implementation
activities’ at Part 2 above)
• no complaints were received in relation to specif ic
businesses
• no prosecutions were undertaken during the year.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: Queensland
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 61
Percentage of total Councils: 84% (which account for
99% of the Queensland population; only 1% of the
Queensland population reside in the remaining 16%
of councils)
Total residential population: 4 182 062
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: 13
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 1 508 257 premises
Non-residential 0 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 1 225 826 premises 237 809 premises
Non-
Residential 0 premises 0 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 35.00
Non-Residential $ 35.00
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential Unknown
Non-Residential Unknown
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 97%
Average participation rate: 83%
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected Frequency of service Total No.
in container of councils
240 litre bin Commingled recyclables Fortnightly 20
240 litre split (waste/recycling bin) Commingled recyclables Weekly 5
Bag Commingled recyclables Fortnightly 1
Bag Commingled recyclables Weekly 1
240 litre bin Commingled recyclables Weekly 1
Other Commingled recyclables Unknown 2
(Please note that two amalgamated Councils provided more than one container type)
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8314
Qld
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at Kerbside collected - total only sold or sent for residual waste
(Total Only - secondary use (contaminants)
in tonnes) including energy disposed of to
recovery by landfill - (Total
material type Only - in tonnes)
(in tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER* 21 424 19 657 1 767
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 146 787 134 681 12 106
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 85 551 78 495 7 056
TOTAL PLASTICS 11 628 10 669 959
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 2 816 2 584 232
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 4 628 4 245 383
CO-MINGLED 8 682 7 966 716
TOTAL 281 516 258 297 23 219
* Total Packaging Paper may also include mixed paper and cardboard that local government is not able
to differentiate
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 315
Qld
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected at Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling
drop-off locations collected sold or sent for residual waste
(Total Only - secondary use (contaminants)
in tonnes) including energy disposed of to
recovery by landfill (Total
material type Only - in tonnes)
(in tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER* 2 415 2 243 172
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 8 312 7 719 593
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 5 235 4 862 373
TOTAL PLASTICS 655 608 47
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 276 256 20
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 273 254 19
Total Co-mingled Recyclables 2 403 2 231 172
TOTAL 19 569 18 173 1 396
* Total Packaging Paper may also include mixed paper and cardboard that local government is not able
to differentiate
The sub-totalled information in Tables 1 and 2 should not be compared to previous years’ data due to
amalgamations of councils in March 2008 (157 councils reduced to 73). This year’s data is also more accurate
in reporting recycling tonnes attributable to kerbside and drop-off points because of improved surveying
techniques. Generalised industry f igures for contaminants in kerbside recycling and drop-off recycling
materials were used to estimate the Recycling Collected and Residual Waste subtotals.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8316
WA
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM is implemented in Western Australia
through the Environmental Protection (NEPM-UPM)
Regulations 2007 (the Regulations), under the
Environmental Protection Act 1986. The Regulations
were gazetted on 27 April 2007.
Implementation activities
State responsibilities under the NEPM are administered
in Western Australia (WA) by the Department of
Environment and Conservation (DEC).
During 2007–08 DEC approached one brand owner
in regard to their compliance under the NEPM and
the associated Regulations, this brand owner opted to
become a signatory to the Covenant thereby becoming
exempt from the Regulations.
In early 2008 DEC conducted a random brand owner
survey (as required under clause 18 of the NEPM) in
collaboration with other jurisdictions. Results from
the nation wide survey identified 48 different Western
Australian organisations to whom the NEPM may
apply. These organisations have been approached by
the Covenant Secretariat and will be referred to the
jurisdiction in due course.
Implementation summary and evaluation
A couple of Western Australian based non-brand
owner signatories withdrew from the Covenant during
the reporting period. Despite the withdrawals the
number of Western Australian based signatories
to the Covenant increased to 16 over the 2007–08
reporting period.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Western Australia has made progress on achieving
the NEPM goal with general brand owner awareness
of the NEPM increasing and the number of WA based
brand owner signatories to the Covenant increasing
from the previous reporting year. During the 2007–08
reporting period at least one brand owner signed up
as a direct result of jurisdictional activities under
the NEPM.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY THE
NEPM
The following information is provided in compliance
with clause 21(1):
(a) no Western Australian companies have been
required to provide records for auditing or have
been prosecuted
(b) see part 5 of this report
(c) in collaboration with other jurisdictions a
national audit was undertaken in March 2008
to identify free riding brand owners represented
in the packaged products sold by retailers. Brand
owner details were provided to the National
Packaging Covenant Secretariat for follow up
(d) no investigations or prosecutions have been
mounted pursuant to this NEPM.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: Western Australia
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 93
Percentage of total Councils: 65%
Total residential population: 2 590 125
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: 60
Western Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for Western Australia
by the Hon. Donna Faragher MLC, Minister for Environment for the
reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 317
WA
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 759 193 premises
Non-Residential 40 956 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 605 115 premises 518 358 premises
Non-
Residential 11 480 premises 20 619 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 44.00
Non-Residential $ n/a
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential $ 36.00
Non-Residential $ n/a
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 88%
Average participation rate: 94.5%
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected Frequency of service Total No.
in container of councils
240L MGB Commingled dry recyclables Fortnightly 51
240L MGB Commingled dry recyclables On demand 1
240L MGB Commingled dry recyclables Weekly 2
60L Crate Commingled dry recyclables Weekly 1
240L MGB Commingled dry recyclables Monthly 1
240L MGB Recyclable containers only Fortnightly 3
Bag 120L Recyclable containers only Fortnightly 1
Other Recyclable containers only Weekly 1
Other Paper & cardboard Monthly 2
Other Paper & cardboard Weekly 1
240 MGB Paper & cardboard Fortnightly 1
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8318
WA
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER not available 12 605 not available
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER not available 60 856 not available
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS not available 16 856 not available
TOTAL PLASTICS not available 3 882 not available
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) not available 956 not available
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) not available 1 320 not available
TOTAL 0 96 475 19 295
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Residential Residential drop- Residential
at drop-off drop-off recycling off recycling sold drop-off recycling
collected or sent for secondary residual waste
(in tonnes) use including (contaminants)
energy recovery disposed of to
by material type landfill (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 782 not available not available
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 306 not available not available
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 860 not available not available
TOTAL PLASTICS 162 not available not available
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 141 not available not available
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 348 not available not available
TOTAL 2 599 not available not available
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 319
SA
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The National Environment Protection (Used Packaging)
Measure (NEPM) continues to be implemented in
South Australia as a statutory Environment Protection
Policy. The Governor authorised the remaking of the
NEPM as an Environment Protection Policy pursuant
to section 29 of the Environment Protection Act 1993.
The Environment Protection (Used Packaging
Materials) Policy 2007 (EPP) was gazetted on
1 March 2007.
Implementation activities
The EPA continues to contact brand owners of
packaged products. Brand owners who potentially are
significant contributors to the waste stream are advised
that they need to make a choice: sign the National
Packaging Covenant (NPC) or comply with the
requirements of the Environment Protection (Used
Packaging Materials) Policy 2007.
A retail brand owners’ audit, to identify those
companies that may be signif icant contributors to the
waste stream, was undertaken in March 2008. The
audits were undertaken at various retail outlets in
Adelaide. These audits assisted in identifying non-
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant. All
companies were referred to the Covenant secretariat
for initial follow-up.
During this reporting period 60 companies were
referred back to EPA by the NPC secretariat to
enforce the obligations of the EPP. All companies
were contacted by EPA and since this contact was
made 12 have signed the NPC, 11 are exempt, 12
are pending, 3 are unknown companies, ten are not
applicable, i.e. not a brand owner, and the EPP
applies to 12 companies.
Implementation summary and evaluation
South Australian brand owners have been advised
of their obligations to either join the Covenant or
comply with the requirements of the Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Policy 2007.
EPA continues to contact businesses that have been
identif ied as a potential brand owner.
Other activities contributing to the effectiveness of
the NEPM, and therefore the number of signatories
to the NPC, include presentations made by the EPA
at industry events and in other fora and the activities
of the SA Jurisdictional Project Group.
As at 30 June 2008 South Australia had forty-six
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
South Australia continues to implement this measure
within the current SA legislative framework. South
Australia has continued to promote and support the
implementation of the Covenant, and has been
represented on national and jurisdictional bodies.
South Australia has also promoted the Covenant
through the South Australian Jurisdictional Projects
Group and by regularly taking part in industry and
public seminars to advise brand owners of their
obligations should they choose not to join the Covenant.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The following information is provided in compliance
with clause 21.(1):
(a) All brand owners referred to EPA have been
contacted see part 2 for full details. The EPA
continues to follow up on brand owners that may
contribute to the waste stream.
South Australia
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for South Australia by the
Hon. Jay Weatherill MP, Minister for Environment and Conservation for
the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8320
SA
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
(b) See part 5 of this report.
(c) An audit to identify brand owners represented in
the kerbside recycling collection system and the
kerbside waste stream (as required under clause
18 of the NEPM) was undertaken in March 2007.
(d) NPC secretariat referred many companies to EPA
concerning their failure to join the Covenant. EPA
has followed up on all referrals, see part 2 for full
details. There have been no prosecutions.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: South Australia
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 42
Percentage of total Councils: 62%
Total residential population: 1 407 749
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: Drop off: 15
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 616 828 premises
Non-Residential 63 956 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 601 669 premises 130 160 premises
Non-
Residential 42 012 premises 38 433 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 56.41
Non-residential $ 55.72
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential $ 56.41
Non-residential $ 55.72
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 100%
Average participation rate: 76%
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected in container Frequency Total No.
of service of councils
140L MGB Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Fortnightly 1
magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
240L MGB Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Fortnightly 32
magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
240L split bin Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Weekly 4
magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
60L crate Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Fortnightly 3
magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
Bag Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Fortnightly 1
magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
Nil—residents Cardboard, liquid paper board, mixed paper, newspaper/ Fortnightly 1
bundle up magazines, mixed glass, mixed plastics, aluminium and steel
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 321
SA
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 62 598 34 423 4 019
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 30 625 19 289 3 528
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 14 674 8 642 1 558
TOTAL PLASTICS 4 868 2 626 418
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 996 506 113
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 5 405 2 492 419
COMINGLED 11 083 44 056 8 161
TOTAL 130 249 112 034 18 215
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Drop-off Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling
at drop-off recycling collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 1 490 1 485 5
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 155 154 1
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 8 8 0
TOTAL PLASTICS 198 198 0
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 4 4 0
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 987 987 0
221 196 25
TOTAL 3 061 3 030 31
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8322
Ta
s–
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The NEPM is a State policy under the State Policies
and Projects Act 1993.
State Policies can be given effect by issuing
Environment Protection Notices issued under the
Environmental Management and Pollution Control
Act 1994 (EMPCA). The obligations on brandowners
can be implemented through conditions and
requirements set out in such notices.
An Environment Protection Notice to enforce the
NEPM has been revised and f inalised.
Obligations on local government authorities in terms
of data collection and reporting have been made
through informal agreements negotiated between the
state government and local government at two levels—
regional bodies and bilateral agreements. Regional
bodies exist for the Southern Waste Strategy Authority
member councils and the Northern Tasmania
Development member councils, both of whom are
signatories to the National Packaging Covenant. The
Cradle Coast Authority has a draft strategy. These
three regional bodies represent local government
across all of the state.
The Department of Environment, Parks, Heritage
and the Arts is the nominated body for the purposes
of implementation, administration and enforcement
of the NEPM.
Implementation activities
The Tasmanian Government has been working on
a cooperative basis with the National Packaging
Covenant Council to ensure signatories are meeting
the commitments given in their Action Plans.
The focus during the reporting period has been to
ensure that brandowners with a turn over of more
than $5 million have become signatories. Tasmania
also participated in the national brandowner audit.
During the reporting period there has been no need
to enforce the NEPM in Tasmania.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The NEPM is a complementary instrument for the
National Packaging Covenant and its effectiveness
must be viewed in this context. Local government
is slowly taking up the opportunities presented by
the Covenant. The NEPM’s purpose is to act as an
incentive to join the Covenant, provide a regulatory
safety net and it has achieved this in Tasmania.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
Negotiations with companies that fall within the
NEPM threshold to become signatories to the Covenant
were virtually completed during the reporting period
and the NEPM has provided a strong incentive for
them to join the Covenant. Tasmania has 15 company
signatories.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
This report meets the NEPM reporting requirements.
Twenty one of the 29 councils in Tasmania responded
to the ‘Annual Report by Local Government Authorities’
14 of these councils were able to provide data on the
tonnes of materials collected through their kerbside
recycling service. It is worthwhile noting all councils
reporting collect all the materials listed in Table 1. In
total 25 councils within Tasmania provide a kerbside
recycling service.
It is possible to provide the total amount of recyclables
for the reporting period collected from all sources
in Tasmania as accessed from industry sources. This
data is presented below.
Tasmania
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for Tasmania by the Hon.
Paula Wriedt MHA, Minister for Tourism, Arts and the Environment for
the reporting year ended 30 June 2007
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 323
Ta
s–
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
Material Type Tonnes
Total Packaging Paper 22 495
Total Non Packaging Paper 16 510
Total Glass 8 856
Total Plastics 2 279
Total Aluminium 405
Total Steel 808
Total 51 353
Contamination 6 000 (approx.)
Data in the tables below reflect what information was
provided by councils responding to the survey. Please
note that not all councils provided comprehensive data.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: Tasmania
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 21
Percentage of total Councils: 72%
Total residential population: 500 000
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: Other recycling service
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 175 940 premises
Non-residential 27 430 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 168 853 premises 0 premises
Non-
residential 6 170 premises 0 premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 33.00
Non-residential Unknown
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential Unknown
Non-residential Unknown
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 87%
Average participation rate: Unknown
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected in container Frequency Total No.
of service of councils
Crate Cardboard, off ice paper, newsprint, milk cartons, glass, Weekly 10
all rigid plastic containers, steel cans, aluminium cans
140L MGB As above Fortnightly 5
240L MGB As above Fortnightly 1
Bag As above Fortnightly 1
120L As above Weekly 1
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8324
Ta
s–
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 13 464
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 5 141
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS 7 166
TOTAL PLASTICS 1 386
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 291
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 7 110
TOTAL 34 558 N/A N/A
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material types collected Drop-off collected Drop-off sold Drop-off
at drop-off or sent for residual waste
secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
TOTAL GLASS
TOTAL PLASTICS
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans)
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.)
TOTAL unknown N/A N/A
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 325
AC
T –
US
ED
PAC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
In the ACT, the Department of Territory and Municipal
Services has responsibility for the implementation
and administration of the NEPM.
An Industry Waste Reduction plan (IWRP) has been
developed, under the ACT Waste Minimisation Act 2001
to implement the NEPM requirements in the ACT.
Implementation activities
The ACT brand owners of packaging were initially
advised of their obligation to either join the National
Packaging Covenant (NPC) or comply with the
requirements of the NEPM. The ACT brand owners
who chose not to join the voluntary NPC are regulated
by the IWRP.
Implementation summary and evaluation
In 2007–08, being a small jurisdiction and having
limited number of brand owners who are not
signatories of the NPC, the ACT relied on referrals
from the Covenant Secretariat for implementation.
Five companies were referred to the ACT. Of these:
• one company was exempt (under $5 million
turnover threshold)
• two companies were registered in NSW
• one company was not registered
• one company was a training company and therefore
no further investigation was required.
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The IWRP ensures that the ACT has no free riders
who refuse to take up their responsibility to reduce
waste from packaging.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
The ACT incorporates both state and local government
and does not need to require local council reporting.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: The Australian Capital Territory
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007 — 30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 1
Percentage of total Councils: 100%
Total residential population: 344 200 (at Dec ’07,
June ’08 data not yet available from ABS)
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: Drop off recycling centres
at regional centres and transfer stations
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 135 177 premises
Non-residential N/A
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 135 177 premises 135 177 premises
Non-
residential N/A N/A
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
ACT does not charge recycling or waste services
separately.
Australian Capital Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for the Australian
Capital Territory by Mr John Hargreaves MLA, Minister for the Territory
and Municipal Services for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8326
AC
T –
US
ED
PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Container types and collection frequencies for all containers provided for kerbside collection by number
of Councils (e.g. crate/split bin/bag):
Container type Material type collected in container Frequency Total No.
of service of councils
240L Recycling bin Domestic recyclable materials Fortnightly 1
Large hoppers (for Domestic recyclable materials Fortnightly (weekly service 1
multi-unit properties) offered at additional cost)
140L Bin Domestic non-recyclable materials Weekly 1
Large hoppers (for Domestic non-recyclable materials Weekly 1
multi-unit properties)
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
ACT does not charge recycling or waste services
separately.
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 99.9%
Average participation rate: 95%
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 23 601 23 274 328
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER No breakdown
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice, between packaging and
newspaper and magazines non packaging paper
TOTAL GLASS 9 726 8 964 762
TOTAL PLASTICS 1 188 976 212
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 124 107 17
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 571 536 34
TOTAL 35 209 33 856 1 353
No data are available for dropped off materials as they come from many sources such as commercial, domestic
and regional centres. Also, all inbound materials from various sources get sorted together by the Material
Recovery Facility and processed in one single pass into recycled products and wastes for landfill. The sources
of materials are not accounted for.
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 327
NT
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
PART 1 — GENERAL INFORMATION
(Refer to page 302)
PART 2 — IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
NEPM, AND ANY SIGNIFICANT ISSUES
Legislative, regulatory and administrativeframework
The Northern Territory (NT) Government is not a
signatory to the National Packaging Covenant as the
current Covenant remains unlikely to deliver cost
effective outcomes relevant to the unique demographic
position of the Territory. The NT Government is
implementing the NEPM through the ‘2007 Re-thinking
Waste Disposal Behaviour & Resource Efficiency
Interim Action Plan’ (Re-thinking Waste Action Plan).
The Re-thinking Waste Action Plan is non-legislative
and designed to achieve the goals of the NEPM in
a manner considered appropriate to the NT.
There are no known major brand owners based in
the NT who are likely to have responsibilities under
the NEPM. In the event that NT based brand owners
with obligations under the NEPM were found to be
non-complying, there is provision under the Waste
Management and Pollution Control Act to apply an
Environmental Protection Objective to ensure the
NEPM can be applied legislatively in the NT.
Implementation activities
The NEPM is being addressed through the
implementation of the Re-thinking Waste Action
Plan and involves f inding opportunities to integrate
resource recovery and litter management with regional
development and capacity building. It has engaged
relevant stakeholders in the pursuit of a collaborative,
eff icient and effective approach. More information
about the Re-thinking Waste Action Plan can be
found at <www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/waste/
index.html>.
Implementing the Re-thinking Waste Action Plan
uses funding support from the Northern Territory
Government’s EnvironmeNT Grants program and the
Product Stewardship Forum (PSF) to target action
and investment in the following key priority areas:
• education projects:
– building better community education resources
– re-thinking Waste in schools education projects
• regional/industry development projects:
– local government capacity building/regional
development projects
– industry partnerships to promote engagement
in product stewardship and waste minimisation/
resource eff iciency projects
• re-thinking Waste Governance Projects:
– meeting the Territory’s obligations under the
National Environmental Protection Measure
(Used Packaging Materials)
– follow up on outstanding actions through the
Litter Abatement and Resource Recovery Strategy.
In 2007–08 a total $389 710 was offered to schools
and organisations in the Northern Territory to
conduct projects and operations with a focus on
waste management. Final project reports are pending
for all projects. Further information on these projects
under the EnvironmeNT Grants program is available
on the Department of Natural Resources,
Environment, the Arts and Sport website at
<www.environmentgrants.nt.gov.au>.
Implementation summary and evaluation
The Northern Territory’s approach to meeting the
NEPM goal continues to be through implementing
the Re-thinking Waste Action Plan with additional
projects funded through the EnvironmeNT Grants
program. Evaluating the effectiveness of the initiatives
in meeting the NEPM goal will be possible once
f inal report submissions are received.
Northern Territory
Report to the NEPC on the implementation of the National Environment
Protection (Used Packaging Materials) Measure for the Northern
Territory by the Hon. Alison Anderson, Minister for Natural Resources,
Environment and Heritage for the reporting year ended 30 June 2008
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8328
NT
– U
SE
D P
AC
KA
GIN
G M
AT
ER
IAL
S
PART 3 — ASSESSMENT OF NEPM
EFFECTIVENESS
The NEPM is considered a less effective mechanism
in the Northern Territory as the major contributors to
the waste stream are brand owners not based in the
NT. Brand owners who are Covenant signatories are
able to meet their national targets more cost effectively
in other more populous jurisdictions where well
established recycling infrastructure and high volumes
of waste are available.
Due to the small dispersed population and distance to
markets, kerbside recycling is only f inancially viable
in the major population centre of Darwin and its
satellite city Palmerston. Recycling activities in other
areas face signif icant barriers and costs and may be
both environmentally and economically unviable. The
NEPM does provide a useful mechanism for obtaining
data on kerbside recycling where it does exist.
The Northern Territory continues to be committed to
the NEPM goal and Desired Environmental Outcomes
through the implementation of the Re-thinking Waste
Action Plan.
PART 4 — REPORTING REQUIRED BY
THE NEPM
There have been no brand owners identif ied in the
Northern Territory who would have obligations under
the NEPM. No reporting has been required under
clause 16 of the NEPM. No supporting data surveys
were conducted in 2007–08 under clause 18 of the
NEPM. No complaints have been received,
investigations undertaken nor prosecution mounted
pursuant to this measure. Of the 16 councils and
shires in the Northern Territory only two provide
kerbside recycling services and are required to
provide reports.
PART 5 — LOCAL GOVERNMENT DATA
FROM: Northern Territory
Year (Reporting Period): 1 July 2007—30 June 2008
Total number of Councils reporting: 2
Percentage of total Councils: 3%
Total residential population: 100 270 (councils that
offer recycling only)
Other type of recycling services (e.g. Drop off)
by number of Councils: Public/commercial recycle
drop off centre which takes greenwaste, steel,
computers, timber, furniture and other recyclable
waste materials (2 councils). Domestic waste oil
collection (1 council). Annual kerbside collection
of large materials (1 council).
Total number of premises/households:
Residential 35 397 premises
Non-residential 3 489 premises
Number of households/premises serviced by
recycling collections:
Kerbside Drop off
(Optional)
Residential 32 725 premises n/a premises
Non-
residential 0 premises n/a premises
Average premises fee charged by Council for
recycling services:
Residential $ 225.75
Non-residential $ 279.00
Annual per premise cost to Council to provide
a recycling service:
Residential $ n/a
Non-residential $ n/a
Proportion of household/premises with access
to a recycling service: 100%
Average participation rate: 71.41%
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8 329
NT
– U
SE
D PA
CK
AG
ING
MA
TE
RIA
LS
Table 1: Amounts of materials collected at the kerbside, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling Kerbside recycling
at kerbside collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER 616
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 1 584 1 616 584
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
*this data includes packaging and non packaging data
TOTAL GLASS 814 816 300
TOTAL PLASTICS 153 152 56
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans) 64 65 24
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.) 84 53 31
TOTAL 2 699 3 318 995
Table 2: Amounts of materials dropped off, sent for secondary use/energy recovery
and contamination (waste) disposed of to landfill
1 July 2007 – 30 June 2008
Material Types collected Drop-off recycling Drop-off recycling Drop-off
at drop-off collected sold or sent for residual waste
(in tonnes) secondary use (contaminants)
including energy disposed
recovery by of to landfill
material type (only need to
(in tonnes) report total tonnes)
TOTAL PACKAGING PAPER
i.e. cardboard and liquid paper board
TOTAL NON PACKAGING PAPER 73 46 27
i.e. paper mixed, paper white off ice,
newspaper and magazines
*this data includes packaging and non packaging data
TOTAL GLASS
TOTAL PLASTICS
TOTAL ALUMINIUM (cans)
TOTAL STEEL (cans, tins etc.)
TOTAL 73 46 27
Appendix 7: Glossary
AAD Australian Antarctic Division
ADRs Australian Design Rules
AGO Australian Greenhouse Office
AHMAC Australian Health Ministers Advisory Committee
AQMP Air Quality Management Plan
ANZECC Australia New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council
ARC Australian Research Council
BTEX Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene
CAC Act Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act 1999
CLM Act Contaminated Land Management Act 1997
CLR Contaminated Land Register
CNG Compressed natural gas
CO Carbon monoxide
COAG Council of Australian Governments
CRC CARE Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientif ic and Industrial Research Organisation
Cwlth Commonwealth
DCA Development Consent Authority
DEC Department of Environment and Conservation
DECC Department of Environment and Climate Change
DNRETA Department of Natural Resources, Environment and the Arts
DTAE Department of Tourism, Arts and the Environment
DTUP Department of Transport and Urban Planning
EMPCA Environmental Management and Pollution Control Act 1994
EMR Environmental Management Register
EPA Environment Protection Authority/ Environmental Protection Agency
EPHC Environment Protection and Heritage Council
EPO Environment Protection Objective
EPPs Environment Protection Policies
ERIN Environmental Resources Information Network
FMA Act Financial Management and Accountability Act 1997
GIS Global Information System
GSERU Greenhouse Sciences and Environmental Reporting Unit
HDPE High density polyethylene
ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
IRTP Integrated Regional Transport Plan
IWG Implementation Working Group
IWMP NPI Industrial Waste Management Policy (National Pollutant Inventory)
IWRP Industry Waste Reduction Plan
LCVs Light Commercial Vehicles
LPG Liquefied petroleum gas
LTEC Land Transport Environment Committee
MEA maximum extent achievable
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
NATA National Association of Testing Authorities
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8330
AP
PE
ND
IX 7
:G
LO
SS
AR
Y
National Environment Protection Council annual report 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
AP
PE
ND
IX 7
:G
LO
SS
AR
Y
331
NEPC National Environment Protection Council
NEPM National Environment Protection Measure
NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council
NHVAS National Heavy Vehicle Accreditation Scheme
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
NOx Nitrogen oxides
NPI National Pollutant Inventory
NRT National Reporting Tool
NRMMC Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council
NTC National Transport Commission
O3 Ozone
OLR On Line Reporting
OVERT On-road vehicle emissions testing program
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Pb Lead
PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls
PEM Protocol for Environmental Management
PM10 Particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 10 micrometres
PM2.5 Particles with an equivalent aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometres
PPLIP Port Pirie Lead Implementation Program
ppm Parts per million
POEO Protection of the Environment Operations
PPR Public Place Recycling
PRC Peer Review Committee
QA Quality Assurance
QGS Queensland Greenhouse Strategy
SA JRG South Australian Jurisdictional Recycling Group
SEPP State Environment Protection Policy
SEPP (AAQ) State Environment Protection Policy (Ambient Air Quality)
SEPP (AQM) State Environment Protection Policy (Air Quality Management)
SEPP (PMCL) State Environment Protection Policy (Prevention and Management of Contaminated Land)
SEQ South-East Queensland
SEQIPP South East Queensland Infrastructure Plan and Program
SEQRAQS South-East Queensland Regional Air Quality Strategy
SEQRP South East Queensland Regional Plan
SO2 Sulfur dioxide
SMP Site Management Plan
TEOM Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance
TPH Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
TNP TransLink Network Plan
TSP Total Suspended Particles
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
UPSS Underground Petroleum Storage Systems
WTBEPNs Waste Transport Business Environment Protection Notices
National Environment Protection
Council Service Corporation
Level 5, 81 Flinders Street
Adelaide SA 5000
Telephone (08) 8419 1200
Facsimile (08) 8224 0912
Email [email protected]
2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 8
a nnua l r epor t
w w w . e p h c . g o v . a u
Top Related