Pigeonpea in
Tropical Legumes-II
(Objective 6) Annual Review & Planning Meeting, Bamako, Mali.
November 17, 2009
• Food, Feed
• Fuel-wood, Fodder
• Bio – fertilizer • Nutrient recycling
• Drought tolerant
• Performs in low fertility
An ideal plant for sustainable agriculture
Photo-period sensitive Out-crossing
It is a different legume
Global area, production, & yield
Key Partners ASIA
ICRISAT- Patancheru,
PDKV- Akola, Mah.
ANGRAU- Hyderabad,
ESA
• ICRISAT- Nairobi
• SARI- Arusha, TNZ
• IARI- Ilonga, TNZ
• CARS - Lilongwe, Malawi
Project Locations in India
Maharashtra
Akola
Washim
Andhra Pradesh
Rangareddy Mahab’nagar
Project Locations ESA 1. Tanzania • Babati & Karatu
districts
2. Malawi • Southern and central
Outputs Methodologies Farmer preferred varieties
Participatory variety selection (M &B trials), farmers’ opinion
Drought tolerance*
Eval. at expt stn. in rain-fed areas*
Wilt + SM dis. resistance
Screening in sick plots with >95% disease incidence
Insect resistance Choice / no-choice conditions
Yield enhancement
Hybrid breeding, seed prodn tech, & on-farm evaluation, link’s with seed companies
OUTPUT : FARMER PREFERRED VARIETIES
Progress : Milestone achieved
Seed distribution under progress
Participn: Asia = 978, ESA = 1554
FPVS Trials, A. P. Mother trials: 4
Design : 3 Reps Entries : 6 +1
Baby trials : 16 Entries : 2 + 1
- PRG 158 • Asha (n = 407)
Varieties Preferred in Ranga Reddy A.P.
1. Asha 2. PRG 158 (n = 295 )
Varieties Preferred in Mahabubnagar, A.P.
FPVS Trials, Mah
Mother trials: 6 Reps : 2 Entries : 7 +2
Baby trials: 16 Entries : 2 + 1
1. PKV Trombay
2. AKT 8811 ( n = 276 )
Varieties Preferred in Maha (n = 276)
PVS in Tanzania 49 FPVS (6 var) with 1554 farmers (30% W)
Farmer preferred varieties : ICEAPs 00053, 040, 936, & 932
PVS in Malawi Centl Malawi 26 FPVS
Preferred var. 01514/15, 01167/11, 01162/21
South Malawi, 27 FPVS Preferred Var:: ICEAP 00577 00926
Preferred Traits in India Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra
High grain yield (-do-) + good vigor* Round medium bold grains
(-do-) + brown seed*
Resistance to Fusarium wilt
(-do-)
Resistance to SM (-do-)
Easy milling* Pod borer resist*
Preferred Traits in ESA Malawi Tanzania
High yield -do- large cream seeds
-do-
Fusarium resistance
-do-
Early maturity -do-
Drought Screening Progress: On-going (Adv lines ) ICRISAT : 50 lines eva. (2+1* prom)
PDKV Akola : 32 lines eva. (no sel)
ANGRAU : 52 lines eva. (1+1* prom)
Disease Resistance • ICRISAT: 327 lines Adv lines : 85 (18) R- lines : 192 (22) A- & B- lines : 50 (12)
• Akola : 30 lines • Hyd’bad : 90 lines
Yr. 2 screening in progress
New wilt resistant lines bred
Tanzania (5) Acc 74,128, 125, 130 & 135
Malawi (9) ICEAP # 01203, 01197, 01179, 01160, 01392, 00933, 00040, 00926 & 01499/7
Pod Borer Screening Yr 1. Field screening completed
• 146 germplasm accessions 19 inter-specific derivatives 107 prog (ICPW 94 x ICP 28 )
• Promising germplasm
ICP 995, ICP 1279, ICP 6128, ICP 8840, ICP 10397, ICP 8863, ICP 332, ICPL 187-1
Maharashtra
• 45 training programs (896 M + 30 W)
• 7 Field days (330 M + 21 W)
Andhra Pradesh
• 8 Trng prog (1213 M + 296 W) • 5 Field days (284 M + 48 W) • One training workshop (250 M
+70 W), • 31 resource persons trained.
Capacity Enhancement
Malawi
• Grain Legume Task Force meeting in March 2009. • Trained 50 frontline extension staff trained (43 males
and 7 females)
Tanzania
• 6200 farmers(40% F) trained • Agronomy training to 8 farmers groups, 22
extension officers • ToT training for 14 stakeholders in BS and value
chain
Capacity Enhancement- contd..
Capacity Enhancement
One female Ph.D. student from Tanzania registered with Sokoine University of Agriculture
Two Ph.D. students from MAU Parbhani, and OU have started research program
Farmer Friendly Literature-ESA
Malawi • Manual for pigeonpea production in
English & Chichewa published
Tanzania • A draft information bulletin in
Kiswahili is in progress in Tanzania.
Information Bulletins- Asia 1. Tur Lagwad Aani Bijotpadan
Tantragyan (Pigeonpea cultivation and seed production technology).
2. Tur Lagwad Tantragyan (Pigeonpea cultivation technology).
3. Kandi Eittanotpattialo Melakuvalu (Pigeonpea seed production technology).
4. Kandi Panta Yajamanya Paddatiulu (Package of practices for pigeonpea).
5. Kandi Samagra Sasyarakshna (IPM technology in pigeonpea).
Breeding Hybrids for High Yield
• Major activities - evaluation (MLT + OFT) - breeding new parents/hybrids - training - links with seed sector
• Marketed by seed companies
• Medium duration
• Resistant to diseases
Hybrids at pre-release stage ICPH – 2671 & ICPH 2740
Yield Gains in OFTs 20 – 90 %
Yield of ICPH 2671 in MLTs
(n=43)
Yield of ICPH 2740 in MLTs
(n=33)
Large - scale OFTs, 2008 States No of
farmers Area (ha) Mean yield (kg ha-1)
Hybrid Check % Adv
Mah 109 42 1031 754 36.7
A.P. 299 121 792 674 17.5
Karnataka 95 92 1131 951 18.9
M.P. 360 82 1280 1062 20.5
Total 863 337 ha 1058 860 23.0
New Promising Hybrids Medium-duration
ICPH 3464 , ICPH 2740, ICPH 3462,
ICPH 3341, ICPH 4022, ICPH 4020
Short-duration
ICPH 2433, ICPH 2431, ICPH 2438
Standard Heterosis up to 150%
• Parental lines tested for polymorphism with 148 SSRs
• Two markers (CCB4 & CCttc006) used for hybridity confirmation
Micro-satellite polymorphism between parental lines and hybrids
R- line
CMS line
Hyb loc 2
Hyb loc 1
Linkage between genomics &
Marker – based purity test
Lessons Learnt Develop region - specific hybrids/varieties
Study abiotic stresses (drought and water-logging ) to address challenges of climate
Phytophthora blight becoming important
Broad-based training of farmers essential
Enhance links with seed comp
Enhance links with genomics
Challenges Strategies (ASIA)
Yield plateau Breed high-yielding hybrids Narrow planting window
Photo –thermal insensitivity
Insect damage Introgression from wild spp Seed quality Maintenance breeding Water-logging Identify resistant genotypes Drought Extra-early lines, hybrids Pb, Fusarium wilt, Use DOMINANT gene for
wilt resis; new res sources
Challenges Strategies (ESA)
Yield Breed high-yielding var. Inadequate Goverment
support
Better leverage & representation
Insect damage Introgression Demand & supply gap
Strengthen seed system
Linkages among stakeholders
Strength linkages
Training Enhance opportunities
Vision for Phase II Introduce pigeonpea in new niches (low &
med hills)
Expand FP- varieties in project areas
Enhance genetic variability by exploiting
- Genes from wild species
- African x Asian origin crosses
Initiate research on water- logging & early season drought
Vision for Hybrid Breeding - increase area**
- diversify parents**
- expand partnership base** - Introduce hybrid tech. in ESA - specific training (students, seed
production, quality maintenance) - Use genomics tools (one crop / year)
Low and mid hills (up to 2200 m) A potential niche
for expanding pigeonpea area
Potential area = >500,000 ha Technology is available
Example;; Nainital, 1630 m
Rudrap’g, Pigeonpea at 2200 m
Thanks for your attention
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