What was happening in the World
America found its independence from Britain in the Revolutionary War, the writing of the Declaration of Independence and Constitution
America was a predominantly Protestant country
Spurred on by America, the French began their own revolution in 1789 shaking the aristocracy of Europe after the fall of King Louie XVI and Marie Antoinette
Briton George Stephenson invents the first steam locomotive, which will be used instead of horses and mules to haul coal
Happenings continued
Blue laws get their name in New Haven, Connecticut, when a town ordinance printed on blue paper prohibits work on Sunday
In 1798, a French army captain discovers the Rosetta Stone.
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta invents the electric battery, providing the first source of a continuous circuit.
French physicist Andre Marie Ampere discovers the basic workings of electric currents.
John Chapman, better known as Jonny Appleseed, begins scattering religious tracts and apple seeds in pioneer communities throughout the American Midwest.
Music Opera house was critical
Reached widest audiences Each scene was a developed, closed musical unit
A full development and exploration of voice parts took center stage
String Quartets were developed and gained popularity
Composers like Hayden and Mozart built friendships and influenced each others work
Hayden Joseph Hayden: 1732-
1809 focused on string and quartets, religious and secular music
Most popular works: 14 Masses, The Creatoin (197-1798), Surprise G Major
Lived in poverty for years until Vienna aristocracy took notice of his compositions
He and Mozart were very close friends
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gF-Wzp8Ni8
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus
Mozart: 1756-1791 was a composer by age 5
The epitome of a child prodigy
He composed over 40 symphonies, and also favored opera
Wrote his first opera at the age of 13
Died at age 35 trying to finish Requiem for his own death
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi8vJ_lMxQI
Beethovan Ludwig van Beethovan
1770-1827 was crucial in the transition from Baroque to Classical music
Most well known for his symphonies, but his 5 concerto for piano, 32 piano sonatas, and 16 string quartets along with chamber and coral music aren’t far behind in popularity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKnOYSWT5BM
Classical Art
Revival of Greek inspired art
A clash of Romantic art and Greek classics
Dramatic, at times very bold
Sketches of simple lines
Jacques-Louis David, the death of Socrates, 1787
Jacques-Louis David
Most known for his depiction of “Coronation of Napoleon”
Used bright colors
Favored paintings of Greeks and Romans
Angelica Kauffman
Austrian female painter
Was known for her “history paintings”
Married twice, her popularity as an artists dwindled with her marriage
Loved to depict Shakespeare scenes
Self Portrait
Antonio Canova
Extremely influenced by classic sculpture
Modeled after artists like DaVinci
Used subjects like Cupid, Psyche and Venus
Cupid and Psyche
Canova
Theseus The Three Graces
Franz Xaver Messerschmidt Born in Germany,
grew up in Munich Most known for his
busts Influenced and
taught by uncle Phillip Jakob Straub
One of Messerschmidt’s “Character” Heads
Rococo/Neo-Classicism
Rococo or late Baroque influenced the architecture and decorating
Neo-classicism quickly took the place of Rococo architecture
Extreme attention to detail
Again had Greek/Roman influence seen in columns and design
London- designed by Robert Adam in 1777
Charles Cameron
Scottish man Born 1740-1812 He was an artists,
decorator and architect
Commissioned for Catherine the Great of Russia where his greatest designs were created
Charles Cameron
Model town Sophia build for Catherine of
Russia
Agate Pavilion, east side. Also showing the Ground Floor, where the Baths were situated, and part of the Vaulted Ramp.
American architect Thomas Jefferson
Took great interest in English architecture
Designed his home in Virginia Monticello
Designed University of Virginia
Also a US President, and slave holder
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