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PROF. EBINEZER R. FLORANO, Ph.D.Assistant Professor
U.P. National College
of Public Administration and Governance
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QUESTIONS
1. Do we need green vote?
2. Is there a green vote block (ala-Iglesia ni Cristo
or Solid North) in the Philippines?
3. If there is, who are the green voters? If none,how can we organize and mobilize them?
4. How can voters select the greenest politiciansamong the lot?
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GREEN VOTE:A PREREQUISITE
FOR GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE
EQ = (NB, EShni)
EShni = (EG)
Where: EQ = Environmental Conditions
NB = Natures Behavior
EShni = Ecological soundness of
human-nature interactionsEG = Environmental Governance
Malayang and Toribio (2002), p. 2.
GREEN VOTE
ENVIRONMENTALCRISIS
GROWTH NOW,CLEAN LATER
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GREEN POLITICS, GREEN
PARTIES, AND GREEN VOTE
LEARNING FROMINTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES
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FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RISE ANDDEVELOPMENT OF GREEN PARTIES
1. Environmentalconsciousness
2. Institutional structuresand arrangements
3. Political opportunities,competition andcontext
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUNESS
Green politics and partiesemerged between the 1970s-1980s due to:
Response to various
environmental problems(Britain, Belgium, France,Ireland)
Anti-nuclearcampaigns/peacemovement in the 1970s(Western Europe)
Post-materialist revolution(Germany, Netherlands)
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INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURES ANDARRANGEMENTS
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATIONwhere greenparties/politics is mostly successful (e.g., Germany,Netherlands)
MAJORITARIAN ELECTORAL SYSTEMSnot-so-muchhospitable for green parties/politics (e.g., USA, UK)
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POLITICAL OPPORTUNITIES,COMPETITION, & CONTEXT
Being in the right
place at the right time
Individual role
RALPH NADERU.S.Presidential Candidate in 1996 and
2000 (Association of State Green
Parties, and later U.S.Green Party)
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WHO ARE THE GREEN VOTERS?
1. Young
2. Well-educated
3. From middle-class families
4. Have left-wing orientation
5. Adopt post-materialistvalues
5. Believe in social justiceand delivery of highquality public service
6. Have globalperspectives
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GREEN POLITICS, GREEN
PARTIES, AND GREEN VOTE
THE CASE OF THE PHILIPPINES
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NATIONAL
POLITICS
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WILL GREEN VOTES FLOURISHIN THE PHILIPPINES?
APPARENTLY, NO
Countries with low per capita income, low growth
rate, underdeveloped welfare state provisions, a lowdegree of labour corporatism, a high strike rate andwithout major socialist or communist partyparticipation in government are unlikely to develop
significant left-libertarian parties (in this case - greenparties), and vice versa. (Herbert Kitschelt)
IS KITSCHELT CORRECT? LET US SEE.
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESSAMONG FILIPINOS
1992 GALLUP SURVEY SAYS.
In general, Filipinos treat environmental problems as a serious personalconcern (94%), BUT only a few treat them as threats to the country (37%)
Filipinos have low perceptions on the seriousness of specific worldenvironmental problems (36%-65%), i.e., air, water, soil, species, forest,warming, ozone
More than half (59%) would like to pursue environmental protection overeconomic development, BUT only a few (30%) are willing to pay higher
prices to protect the environment.
Brechin and Kempton (1994)
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GREEN POLITICS AND GREEN PARTIES IN THEPHILIPPINES:
Weak, Divided and Unknown?
GREEN PHILIPPINESfoundedin 1996; lost twice in party-listelections starting in 2002
ANG PARTIDO KALIKASANfounded in 2003 but is not runningthis May 2010 elections; supportingthe candidacy of PANGMASAPresidential Candidate Nicanor Perlas
GREEN FORCEfounded in 2008for sustainable development
PRO-ACTIVE ON CLIMATECHANGE LEADERSfounded byprofessionals to actively campaign forclimate change problems
Environment-leaning partiesPartido ng Marangal na Sambayanan,KAAKBAY, Alliance for RuralConcerns, etc.
A few national environmentallegislatorsLoren Legarda, NericAcosta, Pia Cayetano, JambyMadrigal, et al.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES:Strong in Environmental Advocacy But Not Politically
Mainstreamed
Philippine Federation forEnvironmental Concerns(1979)
Philippine EnvironmentalAction Network
Lingkod Tao-Kalikasan Haribon World Ecologist
Green Forum Earth Savers Greenpeace-Philippines 500++ environmental
NGOs in the Philippines(1990)
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WHY ARE ENVIRONMENTAL NGOs RELUCTANTTO PARTICIPATE IN POLITICS?
1.They want to retain their ideological purity.
2.They dont believe in elections.
3.They dont believe in the ability of the governmentto protect the environment.
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LOCAL POLITICS
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GREEN POLITICS AND GREEN VOTE IN LOCAL POLITICSIN THE PHILIPPINES: SOME SHADES OF GREENNESS-1
MAYORRODRIGO ALANANO
Dauin, Negro Oriental
Ran to save the dyingmarine and coastalresources of hismunicipality
Implemented a 5-yearCoastal ResourcesManagement program
Galing Pook Awardee2009
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GREEN POLITICS AND GREEN VOTE IN LOCAL POLITICSIN THE PHILIPPINES: SOME SHADES OF GREENNESS-2
MAYOREDWARD HAGEDORN
Puerto Princesa City,Palawan
Ran to save 52%remaining forest cover ofPalawan
Implemented the BantayPuerto, Bantay Gubat, andBantay Dagat
Galing Pook Awardee2009
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GREEN POLITICS AND GREEN VOTE IN LOCAL POLITICSIN THE PHILIPPINES: SOME SHADES OF GREENNESS-3
GOVERNORLORETO LEO OCAMPOS
Misamis Occidental
Ran to save the dyingmarine and coastalresources of his province
Implemented the MisamisOccidental Aquamarine
Development andProtection Program
Galing Pook Awardee 2009
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PAINTING PHILIPPINE
POLITICS GREEN
STRATEGIES AND METHODS
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The Philippines is a haven for all types of environmental crises.
Environmental crises contribute to economic development
slowdown, and casualties among Filipinos and the environmentand natural resources.
Green politics is weak at the national level.
There is a semblance of green vote at the local level which shouldbe encouraged.
IMPERATIVESFOR GREEN VOTE, GREEN GROWTH
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PAINTING PHILIPINEPOLITICS GREEN: STRATEGIES
1. VOTERS EDUCATIONshow the nexus betweenelecting green politicians to public offices and achieving
green growth
2. EVALUATING THE GREENNESS OF POLITICIANS factors for evaluation and categorizing the green
politicians
3. VOTING FOR GREEN POLITICIANSthroughorganized movements of green voters
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VOTERS EDUCATION: Targets
1. Victims of environmentalcrises
2. Youth3. Students4. Young Professionals5. Middle-income families6. Wealthy families/individuals
who have post-materialistic
values7. Open-minded/liberalthinkers
8. Progressive organizations
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EVALUATING THE GREENNESS
OF POLITICIANS
1. Knowledge on thecurrent state of theenvironment
2. Personal stand onvariousenvironmental issues
3. Personalenvironmental values
4. Track record/accomplishments onenvironmental
protection
5. Lifestyle check
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SCRUTINIZING THE GREENNESS
OF POLITICIANS
1. Opportunists
2. Diplomats
3. Experts
4. Achievers
5. Strategists
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PEOPLES MOVEMENT FOR
GREEN VOTE, GREEN GROWTH - Organize
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PEOPLES MOVEMENT FOR
GREEN VOTE, GREEN GROWTH:Scrutinize, Support, and Vote for Green Candidates
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ITS TIME TO PAINT PHILIPPINE POLITICS GREEN!
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GREEN PHILIPPINES!
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MARAMING SALAMAT PO!
EBINEZER R. FLORANOU.P. National College of Public Administration
and GovernanceTel. No.: 981-8500 local 4175
E mail: efloranoy@yahoo com
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