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DRAFTING OF DEED, WILL
AND DOCUMENTATION
ANDITS LEGAL IMPORTANCE
By
DR. MAHESH THAKARADVOCATEB.Sc.,LLM, Ph.D., FCS, CAIIB
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Reputation and learning are akin to capital assets,like the good will of an old partnership For many,they are the only tools with which to hew apathway to success. The money spent in acquiring
them is well and wisely spent.------------------------
awyers!
"ersons who write a #$$$$ word document and call
it a %rief------------------------
There are two kinds of lawyers! those who knowthe law and those who know the &udge.
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POINTS OF DISCUSSION
1. WHAT IS A DOCUMENT?
2. VARIOUS STATUTORY DEFINITIONS OF DOCUMENT
. DRAFTIN! OF DOCUMENTS" IMPORTANT INITIALASPECTS"
#. DOCUMENTS !ENERALLY RE$UIRED TO BE
PREPARED UNDER VARIOUS ACTS"
%. IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES AND SU!!ESTIONS FOR!OOD DRAFTIN!"
&. COMMON FEATURES OF A DOCUMENT"
'. DOCUMENTATION IN CYBER WORLD"
(. DOCUMENTS AND EVIDENCE ACT"
). OFFENCES RELATIN! TO DOCUMENTS UNDER INDIAN
PENAL CODE"
1*. STAMP ACT +FA$-
11. WILL
12. SOME IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS STAMP DUTY
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1. WHAT IS A DOCUMENT?
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2. VARIOUS STATUTORY
DEFINITIONS OF DOCUMENTStatt! S!"t#$% D!%#t#$%
G!%!'a(
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C$4a%#!)A"t
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t/at att!'.
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*. DRAFTING OF DOCUMENTS=
IMPORTANT INITIAL ASPECTS= A /0c345 6 64534/3/ 50 @3 84 3;6/34c3 84/ h8 50
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>. DOCUMENTS GENERALLY REUIRED
TO @E PREPARED UNDER VARIOUS
ACTS=+#- I%0#a% C$%t'a"t A"t=
A7:33345, MOU, 78:84533, 64/346563, 0=3: 09 8550:43y84/ 8
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+#:- T'a%)&!' $& P'$4!'t A"t=
S8
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+#3- A'5#t'at#$% (a)=
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+3#:- P(!a0#%6)=
Th3 3565604, 8
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8. IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES AND
SUGGESTIONS FOR GOOD DRAFTING=
Be clear.. through the document to any person whohas a knowledge of the subject matter. Preparescheme of facts and contents you propose to deal withthrough a instructions section.
Be satisfied.. as to what the document means to say,does not mean to say and need not say.
Since client may not be as well-versed in law as you
are, be sure as to within what legal framework such asSections, Rules, notifications, if applicable, thedocument is recognized and operates.
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Be unambiguous..void a situation where youare thinking that you are saying one thing butreally saying more than one.
Be self-explanatory.. through the document
Have separate documents... !ocumentswhich are completely distinct or applicable rulesof law differ
Use schedules... "n respect of matters which
are factual such as description of property, listof assets, etc. which may make the documentotherwise comple#, but cannot be dispensedwith.
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Be logical... So that the risk of omission and repetitionis minimized.
Use words in the same sense... "f in a specificconte#t, meaning changes, use the word phrase$unless e#pressed otherwise or repugnant to theconte#t or meaning thereof%.
Avoid passive voice... &nless in particular conte#t, itmakes the meaning more clear, active voice bepreferred.
Comply with incidental mandatory requirements...such as stamping of documents, registration, vetting,etc.
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Avoid self-complacencyunilateralism... be prepared for vetting,review without necessarily accepting casual and unconte#tualsuggestions.
'larity as to the bare minimum contents you re(uire for protectingand safeguarding your interest has to be adhered to.
!espect precedent and forms... without converting yourself into a
mechanical follower, so that allegations like $non-application of mind%or $cut and paste% technologist can be avoided.
Historical context... )hen documents are supplemental, be sureabout what the principal document says and what is intended to be
dealt with in supplemental documents.
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"n respect of documents having trans-
border effect... be sure as to law of
which country will be applicable andensure its compliance.
#refer a Chapter of definitions... )henfew words are often repeated throughout
the document, it is advisable to have in
initial part a chapter giving definitions ofthose words.
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"n respect of corporate bodies...
)hen they are a party to the documents, takeadditional care of the special provisions applicable tosuch party. *hus, for e.g.,
+i a public limited company has restrictions us. /0 of'ompanies ct for borrowing.
+ii a public trust cannot mortgage or lease without prior
permission of 'harity 'ommissioner.+iii a society has to follow its by-laws,
+iv 1overnment has to e#ecute the document through aperson authorized by the governorPresident or under
departmental rules.
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&. COMMON FEATURES OF A
DOCUMENT"
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+0- Pa'"!()=
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B. DOCUMENTATION IN CY@ER WORLD=
L376
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I.T. Ac5 8
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F0
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. DOCUMENTS AND EVIDENCE ACT=
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. OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS
UNDER INDIAN PENAL CODE=
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, without 23s authority, affi#es 23s seal to adocument purporting to be a conveyance of anestate from 2 to , with the intention of sellingthe estate to 4 and thereby of obtaining from 4the purchase-money. has committed forgery.
picks up a che(ue on a banker signed by 4,
payable to bearer, but without any sum havingbeen inserted in the che(ue. fraudulently fillsup the che(ue by inserting the sum of tenthousand rupees. commits forgery.
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S!". 12/38
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1;.STAMP ACT+FA$-
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11.WILL
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12. SOME IMPORTANT
DOCUMENTS STAMP DUTY=A996/8;65 R. 2*G
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THANKING YOUTHANKING YOU
5ou can contribute your suggestionsviews on
dr'tha%ar(indiatimes.com
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